Fallout of chlorine 36 to the Earth's surface in the Southern Hemisphere

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 103, Issue D7, 1998, Pages 8281-8286

  Keywood, M D ^a,b   Fifield, L K ^a   Chivas, A R ^a,c   Cresswell, R G ^a  

^a AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b CSIRO   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERE; CHLORINE; RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPE;

EID: 0031814415     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/97JD03125     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Andrews, J. N., and J. C. Fontes, Importance of in-situ production of Chlorine-36, Argon-36 and Carbon-14 in hydrology and hydrochemistry, in Isotope Techniques in Water Resources Development, edited by International Atomic Energy Agency, pp. 245-269, Vienna, 1992.
2. 36Cl pulse in natural water, Nature, 300, 737-740, 1982.
3. Bentley, H. W., F. M. Phillips, and S. N. Davies, Chlorine 36 in the terrestrial environment, in Handbook of Environmental Isotope Geochemistry vol 2, edited by P. Fritz and J.C. Fontes, pp. 427-475, Elsevier, New York, 1986a.
4. Bentley, H. W., F. M. Phillips, S. N. Davis, M. A. Habermehl, P. L. Airey, G. E. Calf, D. Elmore, H. E. Gove, and T. Torgersen, Chlorine 36 dating of very old groundwater 1, The Great Artesian Basin, Australia, Water Resour. Res., 22, 1991-2001, 1986b.
5. Browne, E., and R. B. Firestone (Eds.), Table of Radioactive Isotopes. John Wiley, New York, 1986.
6. Cornett, R. J., H. R. Andrews, C. R. Chant, W. G. Davies, B. F. Greiner, Y. Imahori, V. T. Koslowsky, T. Kotzer, J. C. D. Milton, and G. M. Milton, Is 36Cl from weapons' test fallout still cycling in the atmosphere?, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, B123, 378-381, 1997.
7. Danielsen, E. F., In situ evidence of rapid, vertical, irreversible transport of lower tropospheric air into the lower tropical stratosphere by convective cloud turrets an by larger-scale up welling in tropical cyclones, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 8665-8681, 1993.
8. Davie, R. F., J. R. Kellet, L. K. Fifield, W. R. Evans, G. E. Calf, J. R. Bird, S. Topham, and T. R. Ophel, Chlorine-36 measurements in the Murray Basin: Preliminary results from the Victorian and South Australian Mallee region, BMR J. Geol. Geophys., 11, 261-272, 1989.
9. 36Cl bomb pulse measured in a shallow ice core from Dye 3, Greenland, Nature, 300, 735-740, 1982.
10. 10Be profiles in Greenland ice: Dating and production rate variations, Nuc. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res., B29, 207-210, 1987.
11. Fabian, P., and P. G. Pruchniewicz, Meridional distribution of ozone in the troposphere and its seasonal variations, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 2063-2073, 1977.
12. Fifield, L. K., T. R. Ophel, J. R. Bird, G. E. Calf, G. B. Allison, and A. R. Chivas, The chlorine-36 measurement program at the Australian National University, Nuc. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res., B92, 114-119, 1987.
13. 36Cl in polar ice, rainwater and seawater, Geophys. Res. Lett., 7, 983-986, 1980.
14. Follows, M. J., On the cross-tropopause exchange of air, J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 879-882, 1992.
15. Hainsworth, L. J., Spatial and temporal variations in chlorine 36 deposition in the northern United States, Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, 1994.
16. Hainsworth, L. J., A. C. Mignerey, G. R. Helz, P. Sharma, and P. W. Kubik, Modern chlorine-36 deposition in southern Maryland, U.S.A, Nuc. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res., B92, 345-349, 1994.
17. Hitchman, M. H., M. MvKay, and C. R. Trepte, A climatology of stratospheric aerosol, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 20,689-20,700, 1994.
18. Holton, J. R., On the global exchange of mass between the stratosphere and troposphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 392-395, 1990.
19. Kelly, K., H. M. Profitt, R. A. Chan, M. Loewenstein, J. R. Podloske, S. E. Srahan, J. C. Wilson, and D. Kley, Water vapour and cloud water measurements over Darwin during the STEP 1987 tropical mission, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 1914-1921, 1993.
20. Keywood, M. D., Origins and sources of atmospheric precipitation from Australia: Chorine-36 and major-element chemistry, Ph.D. thesis, Aust. Nat. Univ., Canberra, 1995.
21. Knies, D. L., Cosmogenic radionuclides in precipitation, Ph.D. thesis, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Indianna, 1994.
22. 36Cl in precipitation. Nuc. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res., B92, 350-356, 1994.
23. Lal, D. and B. Peters, Cosmic-ray produced radioactivity on the Earth, Hand. Phys., 46, 551-612, 1967.
24. Machta, L., and R. J. List, Fallout from nuclear weapons tests, Adv. Geophys., 6, 273, 1959.
25. Mote, P. W., J. R. Holton, and B. A. Boville, Characteristics of stratosphere-troposphere exchange in a general circulation model, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 16,815-16,829, 1994.
26. Newell, R. E., and S. Gould-Stewart, A stratospheric fountain?, J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 2789-2796, 1981.
27. 36Cl in Antarctic meteorites and Antarctic ice using a Van De Graaff Accelerator, Earth and Planet. Sci. Lett., 45, 285-292, 1979.
28. 36Cl dating of Antarctic ice, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 62, 407-417, 1993.
29. Reiter, E. R., Stratospheric-tropospheric exchange processes, Rev. Geophys., 13, 1-35, 1975.
30. Robinson, G. D., The transport of minor atmospheric constituents between the troposphere and stratosphere, Q. J. R. Meteotol. Soc. 106, 227-253, 1980
31. Schaeffer, O. A., S. O. Thompson, and N. L. Lark, Chlorine 36 radioactivity in rain, J. Geophys. Res., 65, 4013-4016, 1960.
32. 36Cl studies at the ETH/SIN AMS facility, Nuc. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res., B29, 211-215, 1987.
33. 36Cl, Nuc. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res., B52, 483-488, 1990.
34. 36Cl in the stratosphere (abstract), Radiocarbon, 33, 257-258, 1991.
35. Yulaeva, E., J. R. Holton, and J. M. Wallace, On the cause of the annual cycle in tropical lower stratospheric temperatures, J. Atmos. Sci , 51, 169-174, 1994.