Inflorescence and flower development of the 'Hass' avocado (Persea americana Mill.) during 'on' and 'off' crop years

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science

Volumn 123, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 537-544

  Salazar García, Samuel ^a,b   Lord, Elizabeth M ^a,c   Lovatt, Carol J ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE INVESTIGACIONES FORESTALES   (Mexico)

^c Department of Plant Development ^*

Author keywords

Alternate bearing; Flower development; Flowering promotion; Inflorescence development; Inflorescence initiation; Organogenesis

Indexed keywords

PERSEA AMERICANA;

EID: 0031812051     PISSN: 00031062     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.21273/jashs.123.4.537     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Alexander, D.McE. 1975. Flowering times of avocados in the Murray Valley. J. Austral. Inst. Agr. Sci. 41:264-267.
2. Bergh, B.O. 1985. Persea americana, p. 253-267. In: H. Halevy (ed.). Handbook of flowering, vol. 3. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Fla.
3. Bernier, G., J.-M. Kinet, and R.M. Sachs. 1981. The physiology of flowering, vol. 2. Transition to reproductive growth, p. 21-34. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla.
4. Blanke, M.M. and C.J. Lovatt. 1993. Anatomy and transpiration of the avocado inflorescence. Ann. Bot. 71:543-547.
5. Buttrose, M.S. and D.McE. Alexander. 1978. Promotion of floral initiation in 'Fuerte' avocado by low temperature and short day length. Scientia Hort. 8:213-219.
6. Davenport, T.L. 1982. Avocado growth and development. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 95:92-96.
7. Davenport, T.L. 1986. Avocado flowering. Hort. Rev. 8:257-289.
8. Ebert, A. and F. Bangerth. 1981. Relations between the concentration of diffusible and extractable gibberellic-like substances and the bearing behaviour in apples as affected by chemical fruit thinning. Scientia Hort. 15:45-52.
9. Garcia-Luis, A., F. Frones, A. Sanz, and J.L. Guardiola. 1988. The regulation of flowering and fruit set in Citrus: Relationship with carbohydrate levels. Israel J. Bot. 37:189-201.
10. Inohue, H. and B. Takahashi. 1989. Differentiation and development of avocado flower buds in Japan. J. Jpn, Soc. Hort. Sci. 58:105-111.
11. Jonkers, H. 1979. Biennial bearing in apple and pear: A literature survey. Scientia Hort. 11:303-317.
12. Lahav, E. and D. Kalmar. 1977. Water requirement of avocado in Israel. II. Influence on yield, fruit growth and oil content. Austral. J. Agr. Res. 28:869-877.
13. Lord, E.M. and K.J. Eckard. 1985. Shoot development in Citrus sinensis L. (Washington navel orange). I. Floral and inflorescence ontogeny. Bot. Gaz. 146:320-326.
14. Lovatt, C.J. 1994. Improving fruit set and yield of 'Hass' avocado with a spring application of Boron and/or urea to the bloom. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk. 78:167-173.
15. O'Brien T.P. and M.E. McCully. 1981. The study of plant structure principles and methods. Termarcarphi Pty Ltd. Melbourne, Australia, p. 6.82.
16. Reece, P.C. 1939. The floral anatomy of the avocado. Amer. J. Bot. 26:429-433
17. Reece, P.C. 1942. Differentiation of avocado blossom buds in Florida. Bot. Gaz. 104:458-476.
18. Schaffer, B., L. Coetzer, J. Bezuidenhout, and N. Swart. 1991. Effects of leaf age on gas exchange characteristics of avocado. Scientia Hort. 48:21-28.
19. Scholefield, P.B. 1982. A scanning electron microscope study of flowers of avocado, litchi, macadamia and mango. Scientia Hort. 16:263-272.
20. Scholefield, P.B., M. Sedgley, and D.McE. Alexander. 1985. Carbohydrate cycling in relation to shoot growth, floral initiation and development and yield in the avocado. Scientia Hort. 25:99-110.
21. Schroeder, C.A. 1944. The avocado inflorescence. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk. 28:39-40.
22. Schroeder, C.A. 1951. Flower bud development in the avocado. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk. 36:159-163.
23. Schroeder, C.A. 1952. Floral development, sporogenesis, and embryology in the avocado, Persea americana. Bot. Gaz. 113:270-278.
24. Steel, R.G.D. and J.H. Torrie. 1980. Principles and procedures of statistics, a biometrical approach. 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, Inc.
25. Thorp, T.G., D. Aspinall, and M. Sedgley. 1994. Preformation of node number in vegetative and reproductive proleptic shoot modules of Persea (Lauraceae). Ann. Bot. 73:13-22.
26. Yenning, F.O. and F.B. Lincoln. 1958. Developmental morphology of the vegetative axis of avocado (Persea americana L.) and its significance to spacing, pruning practices, and yields of the grove. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 71:350-356.
27. Wolstenholme, B.N., P.J. Hoffman, J.G. Cutting, and A.W. Lishman. 1985. Theoretical and practical implications of plant growth substance trends in developing 'Fuerte' avocado fruits. S. Afr. Avocado Growers Assn. Yrbk. 8:92-96.