A commentary on prime numbers and life cycles of periodical cicadas

American Naturalist

Volumn 152, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 162-164

  Cox, Randel Tom ^a   Carlton, C E ^b  

^a ARKANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cicadidae; Magicicada; Periodicity; Pleistocene

Indexed keywords

CICADIDAE; INVERTEBRATA; MAGICICADA;

EID: 0031811258     PISSN: 00030147     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/286158     Document Type: Note

References (25)

1. Alexander, R. D., and T. E. Moore. 1962. The evolutionary relationships of 17-year and 13-year cicadas, and three new species (Homoptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada). Miscellaneous Publications of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 121:1-59.
2. Beamer, R. H. 1931. Notes on the 17-year cicada in Kansas. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 4:53-58.
3. Bulmer, M. G. 1977. Periodical insects. American Naturalist 111:1099-1117.
4. Cox, R. T. 1992. A comment on Pleistocene population bottlenecks in periodical cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada spp.). Evolution 46:845-846.
5. Cox, R. T., and C. E. Carlton. 1988. Paleoclimatic influ-ences in the evolution of periodical cicadas (Insecta: Homoptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada spp.)- American Midland Naturalist 120:183-193.
6. 1991. Evidence of genetic dominance of the 13year life cycle in periodical cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada spp.). American Midland Naturalist 125:63-74.
7. Delcourt, P. A., and H. R. Delcourt. 1987. Long-term forest dynamics of the temperate zone: a case study of late-quaternary forests in eastern North America. Springer, New York.
8. Graham, R. W., and E. L. Lundelius. 1984. Coevolutionary disequilibrium and Pleistocene extinctions. Pages 223-249 in P. S. Martin and R. G. Klein, eds. Quaternary extinctions. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.
9. Heath, J. E. 1968. Thermal synchronization of emergence in periodical "17-year" cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada). American Midland Naturalist 80: 440-447.
10. Heliovaara, K., R. Vaisanen, and C. Simon. 1994. The evolutionary ecology of insect periodicity. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 9:475-480.
11. Hoppenstaedt, F. C., and J. B. Keller. 1976. Synchronization of periodical cicada emergences. Science (Washington, D.C.) 194:335-337.
12. Karban, R. 1981. Effects of local density on fecundity and mating speed for periodical cicadas. Oecologia (Berlin) 51:260-264.
13. 1982. Increased reproductive success at high densities and predator satiation for periodical cicadas. Ecology 63:321-328.
14. 1986. Prolonged development in cicadas. Pages 222-235 in R. Taylor and R. Karban, eds. Evolution of insect life histories. Springer, New York.
15. Lloyd, M., and H. S. Dybas. 1966. The periodical cicada problem. Evolution 20:133-148.
16. Lloyd, M., and J. A. White. 1976. Sympatry of periodical cicada broods and the hypothetical four-year acceleration. Evolution 30:786-801.
17. Long, C. A. 1993. Evolution in periodical cicadas: a genetical explanation. Evolutionary Theory 10:209-220.
18. Mariait, C. L. 1907. The periodical cicada. Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Bureau of Entomology no. 71. Washington, D.C.
19. Martin, A. P., and C. Simon. 1988. Anomalous distribution of mitochondrial and nuclear gene markers in periodical cicadas. Nature (London) 336:247-249.
20. 1990. Differing levels of among-population divergence in the mitochondrial DNA of periodical cicadas related to historical biogeography. Evolution 44: 1066-1080.
21. May, R. M. 1979. Periodical cicadas. Nature (London) 277:347-349.
22. Simon, C., and M. Lloyd. 1982. Disjunct, synchronie populations of 17-year periodical cicadas: relicts or evidence of polyphyly? Journal of the New York Entomological Society 90:275-301.
23. White, J. A., and M. Lloyd. 1975. Growth rates of 17-and 13-year periodical cicadas. American Midland Naturalist 94:127-143.
24. Williams, K., and C. Simon. 1995. The ecology, behavior, and evolution of periodical cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada). Annual Review of Entomology 40: 269-295.
25. Yoshimura, J. 1997. The evolutionary origins of periodical cicadas during ice ages. American Naturalist 149: 112-124.