Fluoxetine in child and adolescent depression: Acute and maintenance treatment

Depression and Anxiety

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 32-39

  Emslie, Graham J ^a   Rush, A John ^a   Weinberg, Warren A ^b   Kowatch, Robert A ^a   Carmody, Tom ^a   Mayes, Taryn L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Adolescents; Children; Depression; Fluoxetine; Recovery; Recurrence

Indexed keywords

FLUOXETINE; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR;

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; CHILD PSYCHIATRY; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG EFFICACY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; META ANALYSIS; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECURRENCE RISK; RISK FACTOR; SCHOOL CHILD; SOCIOECONOMICS;

ACUTE DISEASE; ADOLESCENT; ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, SECOND-GENERATION; ANXIETY; CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; CHILD; CONFIDENCE INTERVALS; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; DISEASE PROGRESSION; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE; FEMALE; FLUOXETINE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; LONG-TERM CARE; MALE; ODDS RATIO; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; RECURRENCE; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0031810349     PISSN: 10914269     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6394(1998)7:1<32::AID-DA4>3.0.CO;2-7     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Asarnow JR, Goldstein MJ, Carlson GA, Perdue S, Bates S, Keller J (1988) Childhood-onset depressive disorders. A follow-up study of rates of rehospitalization and out-of-home placement among child psychiatry inpatients. J Affect Disord 15:245-253.
2. Baldessarini RJ (1989) Current status of antidepressants Clinical pharmacology and therapy. J Clin Psychiatry 50:117-126.
3. Boulos C, Kutcher S, Gardner D, Young E (1992) An open naturalistic trial of fluoxetine in adolescents and young adults with treatment-resistant major depression. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2:103-111.
4. Brent DA (1987) Correlates of the medical lethality of suicide attempts in children and adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 26:87-91.
5. Burke KC, Burke JD, Rae DS, Regier DA (1991) Comparing age at onset of major depression and other psychiatric disorders by birth cohorts in five US community populations. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48:789-795.
6. Chambers WJ, Puig-Antich J, Hirsch M, Paez P, Ambrosini PJ, Tabrizi M, Davies M (1985) The assessment of affective disorders in children and adolescents by semistructured interview: Test-retest reliability of the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children, present episode version. Arch Gen Psychiatry 42:696-702.
7. Cook BL, Helrns PM, Smith RE, Tsai M (1986) Unipolar depression in the elderly. Reoccurrence on discontinuation of tricyclic antidepressants. J Affect Disord 10:91-94.
8. Copeland JRM (1983) Psychotic and neurotic depression. Discriminate function analysis and five-year outcome. Psychol Med 13:373-383.
9. Coryell W, Akiskal HS, Leon AC, Winokur G, Mase JD, Mueller TI, Keller MB (1994) Time course of nonchronic major depressive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51:405-410.
10. Depression Guideline Panel (1993) Depression in Primary Care Volume 1. Detection and Diagnosis. Clinical Practice Guideline, Number 5. Rockville, MD. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. AHCPR Publication NO. 93-0550.
11. Eastgate J, Gilmour L (1984) Long-term outcome of depressed children: A follow-up study. Dev Medicine Child Neurol 26:68-72.
12. Emslie GJ, Weinberg WA, Rush AJ, Rintelmann JW, Roffwarg HP (1990) Depressive Symptoms by self report in adolescence: Phase I of the development of a questionnaire for depression by self-report. J Child Neurol 3:114-121.
13. Emslie GJ, Rush AJ, Weinberg WA, Gullion CN, Rintelmann J, Hughes CW (1997b) Recurrence of major depressive disorder in hospitalized children and adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 36:785-792.
14. Emslie GJ, Rush AJ, Weinberg WA, Kowatch RA, Hughes CW, Carmody T, Rintelmann JW (1997a) Double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine in depressed children and adolescents. Arch Gen Psychiatry (in press).
15. Fleming JE, Offord DR (1990) Epidemiology of childhood depressive disorders: A critical review. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 29:571-580.
16. Fleming JE, Boyle MH, Offord DR (1993) The outcome of adolescent depression in the Ontario child health study follow-up. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 32:28-33.
17. Frank E, Kupfer DJ, Perel JM, Cornes C, Jarrett DB, Mallinger AG, Thase ME, McEachran AB, Grochocinski VJ (1990) Three-year outcomes for maintenance therapies in recurrent depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47:1093-1099.
18. Frank E, Prien RF, Jarrett RB, Keller MB, Kupfer DJ, Lavori PW, Rush AJ, Weissmann MM (1991) Conceptualization and rationale for consensus definitions of terms in major depressive disorder. Remission, recovery, relapse, and recurrence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48:851-855.
19. Garber J, Kriss MR, Koch M, Lindholm L (1988) Recurrent depression in adolescents: A follow-up study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 27:49-54.
20. Ghazzuiddin N, Naylor MW, King CA(1995) Fluoxetine in tricyclic refractory depression in adolescents. Depression 2:287-291
21. Gonzales LR, Lewinsohn PM, Clarke GN (1985) Longitudinal follow-up of unipolar depressives: An investigation of predictors of relapse. J Consult Clin Psychol 53:461-469.
22. Goodyer I, Germany E, Gowrusankur J, Altham P (1991) Social influences on the course of anxious and depressive disorders in school-age children. Br J Psychiatry 158:676-684
23. Hazell P, O'Connell D, Heathcote D, Robertson J, Henry D (1995) Efficacy of tricyclic drugs in treating child and adolescent depression: A meta-analysis. BMJ 310:987-901.
24. Herjanic B, Reich W (1982) Development of a structured psychiatric interview for children: Agreement between child and parent on individual symptoms. J Abnorm Child Psychol 10:307-324.
25. Jain U, Birmaher R, Garcia M, Al-Shabbout M, Ryan N (1992) Fluoxetine in children and adolescents with mood disorders: A chart review of efficacy and adverse effects. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2:259-265.
26. Kaplan EL, Meier P (1958) Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations J Am Stat Assoc 53:457-181.
27. Kashani JH, Beck NC, Hoeper E, Fallahi C, Corcoran CM, McAllister JA, Rosenberg TK, Reid JC (1987a) Psychiatric disorders in a community sample of adolescents. Am J Psychiatry 144:584-589.
28. Kashani JH, Carlson GA, Beck NC, Hoeper EW, Corcoran CM, McAllister JA, Fallahi C, Rosenberg TK, Reid JC (1987b) Depression, depressive symptoms, and depressed mood among a community sample of adolescents. Am J Psychiatry 144:931-934.
29. Keller MB, Beardslee W, Lavori PW, Wunder J, DRS DL, Samuelson H (1988) Course of major depression in non-referred adolescents. A retrospective study. J Affect Disord 15:235-243.
30. Keller MB, Lavori PW, Beardslee WR, Wunder J, Ryan N (1991) Depression in children and adolescents: New data on "undertreatment" and a literature review on the efficacy of available treatments. J Affective Disord 21:163-171.
31. Keller MB, Lavori PW, Endicott J, Coryell W, Klerman G (1983) "Double Depression": Two-year follow up. Am J Psychiatry 140:689-694.
32. Keller MB, Lavori PW, Friedman B, Nielsen E, Endicott J, McDonald-Scott P, Andreasen NC (1987) The Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation. A comprehensive method for assessing outcome in prospective longitudinal studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry 44:540-548.
33. Keller MB, Shapiro RW, Lavori PW, Wolfe N (1982) Relapse in major depressive disorder: Analysis with the life table. Arch Gen Psychiatry 39:911-915.
34. Keller MB, Lavori PW, Mueller TI, Endicott J, Coryell W, Hirschfeld RMA, Shea T (1992) Time to recovery, chronicity, and levels of psychopathology in major depression. A 5-year prospective follow-up of 431 subjects. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49:809-816.
35. Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Nelson CB, Hughes M, Swartz M, Blazer DG (1994) Sex and depression in the national comorbidity survey: II. Cohort effects J Affect Disord 30:15-26.
36. Kovacs M, Feinberg TL, Crouse-Novak MA (1984a) Depressive disorders in childhood: I. A longitudinal prospective study of characteristics and recovery. Arch Gen Psychiatry 41:229-237.
37. Kovacs M, Feinberg TL, Crouse-Novak MA (1984b) Depressive disorders in childhood: II. A longitudinal study of the risk for a subsequent major depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 41:643-649.
38. Kupfer DJ (1993) Management of recurrent depression. J Clin Psychiatry 54S:29-33.
39. Kupfer DJ, Frank E, Perel JM, Cornes C, Mallinger AG, Thasc ME, McEachran AB (1992) Five-year outcome for maintenance therapies in recurrent depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49:769-773.
40. Lewinsohn PM, Clarke GN, Seeley JR, Rhodes P (1994) Major depression in community adolescents: Age at onset, episode duration, and time to recurrence. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 33:809-818.
41. Lewinsohn PM, Duncan EM, Stanton AK, Hantzine M (1986) Age at onset for first unipolar depression, J Abnorm Psychol 95:387-383.
42. Lewinsohn PM, Hops H, Roberts RE, Seeley JR, Andrew JA (1993) Adolescent psychopathology: 1. Prevalence and incidence of depression and other DSM-III-R disorders in high school students. J Abnorm Psychlol 102:133-144.
43. Maj M, Veltro F, Pirozzi R, Lobrace S, Magliano L (1992) Pattern of recurrence of illness after recovery from an episode of major depression: A prospective study. Am J Psychiatry 149:795-800.
44. McCauley E, Myers K, Mitchell J, Calderon R, Schioredt K, Treder R (1993) Depression in young people: Initial presentation and clinical course. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 32:714-722.
45. McConvillc BJ, Minnery KL, Sorter MT, West SA, Friedman LM, Christian K (1996) An open study of the effects of sertraline on adolescent major depression. J Child Adolesc Psychopharm 6:41-51.
46. McGee R, Williams S (1988) A longitudinal study of depression in nine-year-old children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 27:342-348.
47. Montgomery SA (1994a) Antidepressants in long-term treatment. Ann Rev Med 45:447-457.
48. Montgomery SA (1994b) Long-term treatment of depression. Brit J Psychiatry 26S:31-36.
49. Montgomery SA (1996) Efficacy in long-term treatment of depression. J Clin Psychiatry 57S:24-30.
50. Montgomery SA, Doogan DP, Burnside R (1991) The influence of different relapse criteria on the assessment of long-term efficacy of sertraline. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 6S:37-46.
51. nd annual meeting of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, San Antonio, Texas, October 23-27.
52. Nemoroff CB (1994) Evolutionary trends in the pharmacotherapeutic management of depression. J Clin Psychiatry 55S:3-15.
53. Pfeffer CR, Klerman GL, Hurt SW, Lesser M, Peskin JR, Siefker CA (1991) Suicidal children grow up. Demographic and clinical risk factors for adolescent suicide attempts. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 30:609-616.
54. Poznanski EO, Grossman JA, Buchsbaum Y, Banegas M, Freeman L, Gibbons R (1984) Preliminary studies of the reliability and validity of the children's depression rating scale. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 23:191-197.
55. Poznanski EO, Krahenbuhl V, Zrull JP (1976) Childhood depression. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 15:491-501.
56. Rao U, Ryan ND, Birmaher B, Dahl RE, Williamson DE, Kaufman J, Rao R, Nelson B (1995) Unipolar depression in adolescents: Clinical outcome in adulthood. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 34:566-578.
57. Reich W, Herjanic B, Welner Z, Gandhy PR (1982) Development of a structured psychiatric interview for children: Agreement on diagnosis comparing child and parent interviews. J Ahnorm Child Psychol 10:325-336.
58. Schauberg AF, Rothschild AJ (1992) Psychotic (delusional) major depression: Should it be included as a distinct syndrome in DSM-IV? Am J Psychiatry 149:733-745.
59. Shaffer D, Fisher P, Dulcan MK, Davies M, Piacentini J, SchwabStone ME, Lahcy BB, Bourdon K, Jensen PS, Bird HR, Canino G, Regier DA (1996) The NIMH diagnostic interview schedule for children version 2.3 (DISC-2.3): Description, acceptability, prevalence rates, and performance in the MECA study. Methods for the epidemiology of child and adolescent mental disorders study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 35:865-877.
60. Shaffer D, Gould MS, Brasic J, Ambrosini P, Fisher P, Bird H, Aluwahlia S (1985) A children's global assessment scale (CGAS). Arch Gen Psychiatry 40:1228-1231.
61. Simeon JE, Dinicola VF, Ferguson JB, Copping W (1990) Adolescent depression. A placebo-controlled fluoxetine study and follow-up. Prog Neuropsychopharm Biol Psychiatry 14:791-795.
62. Stokes PE (1993) A primary care perspective on management of acute and long-term depression. J Clin Psychiatry 545:74-84.
63. Strober M, Lampert C, Schmidt S, Morrell (1993) The course of major depressive disorder in adolescents: I. Recovery and risk of manic switching in a follow-up of psychotic and nonpsychotic sub-types. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 32:34-42.
64. Thase MW, Trivedi MH, Rush AJ (1995) MAOIs in the contemporary treatment of depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 12:185-219.
65. Tierney E, Paramjit JT, Leinas JF, Rosenberg LA, Riddle MA (1995) Sertraline for major depression in children and adolescents: Preliminary clinical experience. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 5:13-27.