Alteration in rate modulation of reflexes to lumbar motoneurons after midthoracic spinal cord injury in the rat. I. Contusion injury

Journal of Neurotrauma

Volumn 15, Issue 7, 1998, Pages 495-508

  Thompson, Floyd J ^a   Parmer, Ronald ^a   Reier, Paul J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

Monosynaptic reflexes; Posttetanic potentiation; Rate depression; Spasticity; Spinal cord injury

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; CONTUSION; FEMALE; LUMBAR SPINE; MOTONEURON; NERVE CELL PLASTICITY; NONHUMAN; RAT; REFLEX; SPINAL CORD INJURY; THORACIC SPINE;

EID: 0031809688     PISSN: 08977151     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/neu.1998.15.495     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. BLIGHT, A.R. (1983). Axonal physiology of chronic spinal cord injury in the cat: intracellular recording in vitro. Neuroscience 10, 1471-1486.
2. BLIGHT, A.R. (1985). Delayed demyelination and macrophage invasion: a candidate for "secondary" cell damage in spinal cord injury. CNS Trauma 2, 299-315.
3. BOORMAN, G., BECKER, W.J., MORRICE, B.-L., and LEE, R.G. (1992). Modulation of the soleus H-reflex during pedaling in normal humans and in patients with spinal spasticity. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 55, 1150-1156.
4. B receptor pharmacology. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 33, 109-147.
5. BROOKS, C.M., DOWNMAN, C.B.B., and ECCLES, J.C. (1950). After-potentials and excitability of spinal motoneurons following orthodromic activation. J. Neurophysiol. 13, 157-176.
6. BURKE, R.E. (1987). Synaptic efficacy and neural input-output relations. Trends Neurosci. 10, 42-45.
7. CALANCIE, B., BROTON, J.G., KLOSE, J.K., TRAAD, M., DIFINI, J., and AYYAR, D.R. (1993). Evidence that alterations in presynaptic inhibition contribute to segmental hypo-and hyperexcitability after spinal cord injury in man. Electroencaphalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 89, 177-186.
8. CARDONA, A., and RUDOMIN, P. (1983). Activation of brainstem serotoninergic pathways decreases homosynaptic depression of monosynaptic responses of frog spinal motoneurons. Brain Res. 280, 373-378.
9. CARTER, R.L., RITZ, L.A., SHANK, C.P., SCOTT, E.W., and SYPERT, G.W. (1991). Alterations in motoneuron properties induced by acute dorsal spinal hemisection in the decerebrate cat. Exp. Brain Res. 114, 206-215.
10. B receptors in lamprey. J. Neurophysiol. 66, 2141-2149.
11. COLLINS, W.F., DAVIS, B.M., and MENDELL, L.M. (1988). Modulation of EPSP amplitude during high frequency stimulation depends on the correlation between potentiation, depression, and facilitation. Brain Res. 442, 161-165.
12. COLLINS, W.F., HONIG, M.G., and MENDELL, L.M. (1984). Heterogeneity of group Ia synapses on homonymous motoneurons as revealed by high frequency stimulation of Ia afferent fibers. J. Neurophysiol. 52, 980-993.
13. CURTIS, D.R., and ECCLES, J.C. (1960). Synaptic action during and after repetitive stimulation. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 150, 374-387.
14. DESMEDT, J.E. (1983). Mechanisms of vibration-induced inhibition or potentiation: tonic vibration reflex and vibration paradox in man. Adv. Neurol. 39, 671-683.
15. DIAMANTOPOULOS, E., and ZANDER OLSEN, P. (1967). Excitability of spinal motor neurons in normal subjects and patients with spasticity, Parkinson rigidity and cerebellar hypotonia. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 30, 325-331.
16. ECCLES, J.C., and RALL, W. (1951). Effects induced in a monosynaptic reflex by its activation. J. Neurophysiol. 14, 353-376.
17. ECCLES, J.C., SCHMIDT, R.F., and WILLIS, W.D. (1963). The location and mode of action of the presynaptic inhibitory pathways on to Group I afferent fibers from muscle. J. Neurophysiol. 26, 506-522.
18. FEHLINGS, M.G., TATOR, C.H., LINDEN, R.D., and PIPER, I.R. (1988). Motor and somatosensory evoked potentials recorded from the rat. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 69, 65-78.
19. FRANK, K., and FUORTES, M.G.F. (1957). Presynaptic and postsynaptic inhibition of monosynaptic reflexes. Fed. Proc. 16, 39-40.
20. GLANTZ, S.A., and SLINKER, B.K. (1990). Primer of Applied Regression and Analysis of Variance. McGraw-Hill, Inc.: New York.
21. GOLDBERGER, M.E., and MURRAY, M. (1988). Patterns of sprouting and implications for recovery of function, in: Advances in Neurology Vol. 47: Functional Recovery in Neurological Disease. S.G. Waxman (ed), Raven Press: New York, pps. 361-385.
22. GONZALEZ, H., JIMÉNEZ, I., and RUDOMIN, P. (1992). Bulbospinal inhibition of PAD elicited by stimulation of afferent and motor axons in the isolated frog spinal cord and brainstem. Exp. Brain Res. 88, 106-116.
23. GONZALEZ, H., JIMÉNEZ, I., and RUDOMIN, P. (1993). Reticulospinal actions on primary afferent depolarization of cutaneous and muscle afferents in the isolated frog neuraxis. Exp. Brain Res. 95, 261-270.
24. HERMAN, R. (1968). Alterations in the dynamic and static properties of the stretch reflex obtained at various rates of stretch during different stages of clinical spasticity. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 25, 408.
25. HONIG, M.G., COLLINS, E.F., and MENDELL, L.M. (1983). Alpha-motoneuron EPSPs exhibit different frequency sensitivities to single Ia-afferent fiber stimulation. J. Neurophysiol. 49, 886-901.
26. HUGHES, J.T. (1988). Pathologic Changes After Spinal Cord Injury. Oxford University Press: Oxford, U.K.
27. ISHIKAWA, K., OTT, K., PORTER, R.W., and STUART, D. (1966). Low frequency depression of the H wave in normal and spinal man. Exp. Neurol. 15, 140-156.
28. JEFFERSON, A.A., and SCHLAPP, W. (1953). Some effects of repetitive stimulation of afferents on reflex conduction; in: The Spinal Cord. J.L. Malcolm and J.A.B. Gray (eds), Churchill: London, pps. 99-119.
29. KATZ, B., and MELDEI, R. (1968). The role of calcium in neuromuscular facilitation. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 195, 481-492.
30. KATZ, R.T., and RYMER, W.Z. (1989). Spastic hypertonia: mechanisms and measurement. Arch. Physiol. Med. Rehabil. 70, 144-155.
31. KERASIDIS, H., WRATHALL, J.R., and GALE, K. (1987). Behavioral assessment of functional deficit in rats with contusive spinal cord injury. J. Neurosci. Methods 20, 167-189.
32. KOCSIS, J.D., and WAXMAN, S.G. (1982). Intra-axonal recordings in rat dorsal column axons: membrane hyperpolarization and decreased excitability precede the primary afferent depolarization. Brain Res. 238, 222-221.
33. KOERBER, H.R., and MENDELL, L.M. (1991). Modulation of synaptic transmission at Ia-efferent fiber connections on motoneurons during high-frequency stimulation: role of post-synaptic target. J. Neurophysiol. 65, 590-597.
34. KUHN, R.A., and MACHT, M.B. (1948). Some manifestations of reflex activity in spinal man with particular reference to the occurance of extensor spasm. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 84, 43-75.
35. LEV-TOV, A., MEYERS, D.R.E., and BURKE, R.E. (1988). Modification of primary afferent depolarization in cat group Ia afferents following high frequency intra-axonal tetanization of individual afferents. Brain Res. 438, 328-330.
36. LEV-TOV, A., PINTER, M.J., and BURKE, R.E. (1983). Post-tetanic potentiation of group Ia EPSPs: possible mechanisms for differential distribution among medial gastrocnemius motoneurons. J. Neurophysiol. 50, 379-398.
37. 2+-dependent and -independent activities of neural and non-neural synaptotagmins. Nature 375, 594-599.
38. LLOYD, D.P.C. (1949). Post-tetanic potentiation of response in monosynaptic reflex pathways of the spinal cord. J. Gen. Physiol. 33, 147-170.
39. LLOYD, D.P.C. (1957). Monosynaptic reflex response of individual motoneurons as a function of frequency. J. Gen. Physiol. 40, 435.
40. LLOYD, D.P.C., and WILSON, V.J. (1957). Reflex depression in rhythmically active monosynaptic reflex pathways. J. Gen. Physiol. 40, 409-426.
41. LODGE, D., and ANIS, A. (1984). Effects of ketamine and three other anesthetics on spinal reflexes and inhibitions in the cat. Br. J. Pharmacol. 56, 1143-1151.
42. MALMSTEN, J. (1983). Time-course of segmental reflex changes after chronic spinal cord hemisection in the rat. Acta Physiol. Scand. 119, 435-443.
43. MARKS, R.G. (1982). Analyzing Research Data: The Basis of Biomedical Research Methodology. Van Nostrand Reinhold, Co.: New York.
44. MENDELL, L.M. (1984). Modifiability of spinal synapses. Physiol. Rev. 64, 260-324.
45. NELSON, S.G., COLLATOS, T.C., NIECHAJ, A., and MENDELL, L.M. (1979). Immediate increase in Ia-motoneuron synaptic transmission caudal to spinal cord transection. J. Neurophysiol. 42, 655-664.
46. NIELSEN, J., PETERSEN, N., BALLEGAARD, M., BIERING-SORENSEN, F., and KIEHN, O. (1993). H-reflexes are less depressed following muscle stretch in spastic spinal cord injured patients than in healthy subjects. Exp. Brain Res. 97, 173-176.
47. PINCO, M., and LEV-TOV, A. (1993). Modulation of monosynaptic excitation in the neonatal rat spinal cord. J. Neurophysiol. 70, 1151-1158.
48. RENSHAW, B. (1946). Observations on the interactions of nerve impulses in the gray matter and the nature of central inhibition. Am. J. Physiol. 146, 443-448.
49. RUDOMIN, P. (1990). Presynaptic control of synaptic effectiveness of muscle spindle and tendon organ afferents in the mammalian spinal cord, in: The Segmental Motor System. M.D. Binder and L.M. Mendell (eds), Oxford University Press: London, pps. 349-380.
50. RUDOMIN, P. (1994). Segmental and descending control of the synaptic effectiveness of muscle afferents. Prog. Brain Res. 100, 97-104.
51. RUDOMIN, P., JIMÉNEZ, I., and ENRIQUEZ, M. (1991). Effects of stimulation of group I afferents from flexor muscles on heterosynaptic facilitation of monosynaptic reflexes produced by Ia and descending inputs: a test for presynaptic inhibition. Exp. Brain Res. 85, 93-102.
52. RUDOMIN, P., JIMENEZ, I., SOLODKIN, M., and DUENAS, S. (1983). Sites of action of segmental and descending control of transmission on pathways mediating control of transmission on pathways mediating PAD of Ia and b afferent fibers in cat spinal cord. J. Neurophysiol. 50, 743-769.
53. RUDOMIN, P., SOLODKIN, M., and JIMENEZ, I. (1986). PAD and PAH response patterns of Group Ia-and Ib-fibers to cutaneous and descending inputs in the cat spinal cord. J. Neurophysiol. 56, 987-1006.
54. SHIAU, J.S., ZAPPULLA R.A., and NIEVES, J. (1992). The effect of graded spinal cord injury on the extrapyramidal and pyramidal motor evoked potentials of the rat. Neurosurgery 30, 76-84.
55. SIMPSON, R.K., and BASKIN, D.S. (1987). Corticomotor evoked potentials in acute and chronic blunt spinal cord injury in the rat: correlation with neurological outcome and histological damage. Neurosurgery 20, 131-137.
56. SUDHOF, T.C. (1995). The synaptic vesicle cycle: a cascade of protein-protein interactions. Nature 375, 645-653.
57. 2+-dependent properties of the first and second C2-domains of synaptotagmin I. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 1262-1265.
58. TANG, A.H., and SCHROEDER, L.A. (1973). Spinal-cord depressant effects of ketamine and etoxadrol in the cat and the rat. Anesthesiology 39, 37-43.
59. THILMANN, A.F., FELLOWS, S.J., and GARMS, E. (1991). The mechanism of spastic muscle hypertonus. Variation in reflex gain over the time-course of spasticity. Brain 114, 233-244.
60. THOMPSON, F.J., PARMER, R., and REIER, P.J. (1996). Spinal cord injury alters rate-modulation of lumbar reflexes: GABAb treatment reproduces rate-depression but not PTP changes. Neuroscience. Abst. 22, 2155.
61. THOMPSON, F.J., REIER, P.J., LUCAS, C.C., and PARMER, R. (1992). Lumbar spinal reflex excitability following contusion injury of the mid-thoracic spinal cord. J. Neurophysiol. 68, 1473-1486.
62. THOMPSON, F.J., REIER, P.J., PARMER, R., and LUCAS, C.C. (1993). Inhibitory control of reflex excitability following contusion injury and neural tissue transplantation. Adv. Neurol. 59, 175-184.
63. TOFT, E., SINKJAER, T., ANDREASSEN, S., and HANSEN, H.J. (1993). Stretch responses to ankle rotation in multiple sclerosis patients with spasticity. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 89, 311-318.
64. WAINBERG, M., BARBEAU, H., and GAUTHIER, S. (1990). The effects of cyproheptadine on locomotion and on spasticity in patients with spinal cord injuries. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 53, 754-763.
65. WRATHALL, J.R., PETTEGREW, R.K., and HARVEY, F. (1985). Spinal cord contusion in the rat: production of graded, reproducible injury groups. Exp. Neurol. 88, 108-122.
66. YOMONO, H.S., SUZUKI, H., and YOSHIOKA, K. (1992). Serotonergic fibers induce a long-lasting inhibition of monosynaptic reflex in the neonatal rat spinal cord. Neuroscience 47, 521-531.
67. YOUNG, W. (1989). Recovery mechanisms in spinal cord injury: implication for regenerative therapy, in: Neural Regeneration and Transplantation, vol. 6. F. Seil (ed), Alan R. Liss: New York, pps. 157-169.
68. ZILELI, M., and SCHRAMM, J. (1991). Motor versus somatosensory evoked potentials after acute experimental spinal cord injury in rats. Acta Neurochir. 108, 140-147.
69. ZUCKER, R.S., DELANEY, K.R., MULKEY, R., and TANK, D.W. (1991). Presynaptic calcium in transmitter release and posttetanic potentiation. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 635, 191-207.