Human cytomegalovirus: A viral complication in transplantation

Clinical Transplantation

Volumn 12, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 145-158

  Van Zanten, J ^a   De Leij, L ^a   Prop, J ^a   Harmsen, M C ^a   The, T H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Human cytomegalovirus; Review

Indexed keywords

CAPSID PROTEIN; VIRUS ENVELOPE PROTEIN; VIRUS PROTEIN;

CELLULAR IMMUNITY; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION; HERPES VIRUS; HUMAN; HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; INTEGUMENT; LATENT PERIOD; ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; VIRION; VIRUS TRANSMISSION;

CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS; GRAFT REJECTION; HUMANS; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST; ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION; TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOLOGY; VIRUS LATENCY;

EID: 0031809115     PISSN: 09020063     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (150)

1. Ho M. Cytomegalovirus. Biology and Infection. New York: Plenum Press, 1991.
2. SINZGER C, GREFTE A, PLACHTER B, GOUW ASH, THE TH. Fibroblasts, epithelial cells, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells are major targets of human Cytomegalovirus infection in lung and gastrointestinal tissues. J Gen Virol 1995: 76: 741.
3. Ho M. Cytomegalovirus, Biology and Infection: Current Topics in Infectious Disease. New York: Plenum Press, 1982: 105.
4. TAYLOR-WIEDEMAN J, SISSONS JGP, BORYSIEWICZ LK, SINCLAIR JH. Monocytes are a major site of persistence of human cytomegalovirus in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Gen Virol 1991: 72: 2059.
5. TAYLOR-WIEDEMAN J, HAYHURST GP, SISSONS JGP, SINCLAIR JH. Polymorphonuclear cells are not sites of persistence of human Cytomegalovirus in healthy individuals. J Gen Virol 1993: 74: 265.
6. TAYLOR-WIEDEMAN J, SISSONS JGP, SINCLAIR JH. Induction of endogenous human cytomegalovirus gene expression after differentiation of monocytes from healthy carriers. J Virol 1994: 68: 1597.
7. MINTON EJ, TYSOE C, SINCLAIR JH, SISSONS JGP. Human cytomegalovirus infection of the monocyte/ macrophage lineage in bone marrow. J Virol 1994: 68: 4017.
8. GIBBONS AE, PRICE P, SHELLAM GR. Analysis of hematopoitec stem and progenitor cell population in cytomegalovirus-infected mice. Blood 1995: 86: 473.
9. MOVASSAGH M, GOZLAN J, SENECHAL B, BAILLOU C, PETIT J-C, LEMOINE FM. Direct evidence of CD34-progenitor cells by human cytomegalovirus: evidence for inhibition of hematopoiesis and viral replication. Blood 1996: 88: 1277.
10. + cells from blood and bone marrow. Blood 1995: 86: 4086.
11. KONDO K, KANESHIMA H, MOCARSKI ES. Human cytomegalovirus latent infection of granulocytemacrophage progenitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1994: 91: 11879.
12. KONDO K, MOCARSKI ES. Cytomegalovirus latency and latency-specific transcription in hematopoietic progenitors. Scand J Infect Dis 1995: 99: 63.
13. GREFTE JMM. BLOM N, VAN DER GIESSEN M. VAN SON WJ, THE TH. Ultrastructural analysis of circulating cytomegalic cells in patients with active cytomegalovirus infection: evidence for virus production and endothelial origin. J Infect Dis 1993: 168: 110.
14. WALDMAN WJ, KNIGHT DA, HUANG EH, SEDMAK DD. Bidirectional transmission of infectious cytomegalovirus between monocytes and vascular endothelial cells: an in vitro model. J Infect Dis 1995: 171: 263.
15. MCCARTHY JM, KARIM MA, KRUEGER H. KEOWN PA. The cost impact of cytomegalovirus disease in renal transplant recipients. Transplantation 1993: 555: 1277.
16. MOCARSKI ES. Cytomegalovirus biology and replication. In: ROIZMAN B, WHITLEY RJ, LOPEZ C, eds. The Human Herpesviruses. New York: Raven Press, 1993: 173-226.
17. GRATTAN MT, MORENO-CABRAL CE, STARNES VA, OYER PE, STINSON EB, SHUMWAY NE. Cytomegalovirus infection is associated with cardiac allograft rejection and atherosclerosis. J Am Med Assoc 1989: 261.
18. VON WILLEBRAND E, PETTERSON E, AHONEN J, HAYRY P. CMV infection, class II antigen expression, and human kidney allograft rejection. Transplantation 1986: 42: 364.
19. RUBIN RH. The indirect effects of cytomegalovirus infection on the outcome of organ transplantation. J Am Med Assoc 1989: 261: 3607
20. VAN DORP WT, JONGES E, BRUGGEMAN CA, DAHA MR, VAN Es LA, VAN DER WOUDE FJ. Direct induction of MHC class I, but not class II, expression on endothelial cells by cytomegalovirus infection. Transplantation 1989: 48: 469.
21. VAN DORP WT, VAN WIERINGEN PAM, MARSELIS-JONGES E, et al. Cytomegalovirus directly enhances MHC class I and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on cultured proximal tubular epithelial cells. Transplantation 1993: 55: 1367.
22. SEDMAK DD, KNIGHT DA, VOOK NC, WALDMAN WJ. Divergent patterns of ELAM-1, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 expression on Cytomegalovirus-infected endothelial cells. Transplantation 1994: 58. 1379.
23. + T cells. Transplantation 1993: 56: 1504.
24. WINTER JB, GOUW ASH, GROEN G, WILDEVUUR CRH, PROP J. Respiratory viral infections aggravate airway damage caused by chronic rejection in rat lung allografts. Transplantation 1994: 57: 418.
25. ROIZMAN B. The family herpesviridae; a brief introduction. In: ROIZMAN B, WHITLEY RJ, LOPEZ C, eds. The Human Herpesviruses. New York: Raven Press, 1993: 1-9.
26. ELLINGER K, NEIPEL F, FOA-TOMASI L, CAMPADELLI-FIUME G, FLECKENSTEIN B. The glycoprotein B homologue of human herpesvirus 6. J Gen Virol 1993: 74: 495.
27. LITTLER E, LAWRENCE G, LIU MY, BARRELL GG, ARRAND JR. Identification, cloning, and expression of the major capsid protein of human herpesvirus 6. J Virol 1990: 64: 714.
28. LAWRENCE GL, CHEE M, CRAXTON MA, GOMPELS US, HONESS RW, BARRELL GG. Human herpesvirus 6 is closely related to human cytomegalovirus. J Virol 1990: 64: 287.
29. CHA T-A. TOM E, KEMBLE GW, DUKE GM, MOCARSKI ES, SPAETE RS Human cytomegalovirus clinical isolates carry at least 19 genes not found in laboratory strains. J Virol 1996. 70: 78.
30. IRMIERE A, GIBSON W. Isolation and characterization of a noninfectious virion-like particle released from cells infected with human strains of cytomegalovirus. Virology 1983: 130: 118.
31. KLAGES S, RUGER B, JAHN G. Multiplicity dependent expression of the predominant phosphoprotein pp65 of human cytomegalovirus. Virus Res 1989: 12: 159.
32. LANDINI MP, SEVERI B, BADIALI L, GONCZOL E, MIROLO G. Structural components of human cytomegalovirus: in situ localization of the major glycoprotein. Intervirology 1987. 27: 154.
33. STINSKI MF, MOCARSKI ES, THOMSEN DR, URBANOWSKI ML. Membrane glycoproteins and antigens induced by human cytomegalovirus. J Gen Virol 1979: 43: 119.
34. TOPILKO A, MICHELSON S. Hyperimmediate entry of human cytomegalovirus virions and dense bodies into human fibroblasts. Res Virol 1994: 145: 75.
35. STENBERG RM, DEPTO AS, FORTNEY J. NELSON JA. Regulated expression of early and late RNAs and proteins from the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene region. J Virol 1989: 63: 2699.
36. PIZZORNO MC, MULLEN M, CHANG Y, HAYWARD GS. The functionally active IE2 immediate early regulatory protein of human cytomegalovirus is an 80-kilodalton polypeptide that contains two distinct activator domains and a duplicated nuclear localization signal. J Virol 1991: 65: 3839.
37. MALONE CL, VESOLE DH, STINSKI MF. Transactivation of a human cytomegalovirus early promoter by gene products from the immediate-early gene IE2 and augmentation by IE1: mutational analysis of the viral proteins. J Virol 1990: 64: 1498.
38. STAMMINGER T, PUCHTLER E, FLECKENSTEIN B. Discordant expression of the immediate early 1 and 2 gene regions of human cytomegalovirus at early times after infection involves posttranscriptional processing events. J Virol 1991: 65: 2273.
39. PIZZORNO MC, O'HARE P, SHA L, LAFEMINA RL, HAYWARD GS. Trans-activation and autoregulation of gene expression by the immediate-early region 2 gene products of human cytomegalovirus. J Virol 1988: 62: 1167.
40. STENBERG RM, FORTNEY J, BARLOW SW, MAGRAINE BP, NELSON JA, GHAZAL P. Promoter-specific trans-activation and repression by human cytomegalovirus immediate-early proteins involving common and unique protein domains. J Virol 1990: 64: 1556.
41. LIU B, HERMISTON W, STINSKI MF. A cis-acting element in the major immediate-early (IE) promoter of human cytomegalovirus is required for negative regulation by IE2. J Virol 1991: 65: 897.
42. CHERRINGTON JM, KHOURY EL, MOCARSKI ES. Human cytomegalovirus IE2 negatively regulates a gene expression via a short target sequence near the transcription start site. J Virol 1991: 65: 887.
43. LANG D, STAMMINGER T. The 86-kDa IE-2 protein of human cytomegalovirus is a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that interacts directly with the negative autoregulatory response element located near the cap site of the IE1/2 enhancer promoter. J Virol 1993: 67: 323.
44. JUPP R, HOFFMANN S, STENBERG RM, NELSON JA, GHAZAL P. Human cytomegalovirus IE86 protein interacts with promoter-bound TATA-binding protein via a specific region distinct from the autorepression domain. J Virol 1993: 67: 7539.
45. FURNARI BA, POMA E, KOWALIK TF, HUONG S, HUANG E. Human cytomegalovirus immediate early gene 2 protein interacts with itself and with several novel cellular proteins J Virol 1993: 67: 4981.
46. ZHU H, SHEN Y, SHENK T Human cytomegalovirus IE1 and IE2 proteins block apoptosis. J Virol 1995: 69: 7960.
47. ERTL PF, POWELL KL. Physical and functional interaction of human cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase and its accessory protein (ICP36) expressed in insect cells. J Virol 1992: 66: 4126.
48. WEILAND KL, OIEN NL, HOMA F, WATHEN MW. Functional analysis of human cytomegalovirus polymerase accessory protein. Virus Res 1994: 34: 191.
49. RIPALTI A, BOCCUNI MC, CAMPANINI F, LANDINI MP. Cytomegalovirus mediated induction of antisense mRNA expression to UL44 inhibits virus replication in an astrocytoma cell line: identification of an essential gene. J Virol 1995: 69: 2047.
50. GIBSON W. Molecular biology of human cytomegalovirus. In: BECKER Y, DARAI G, HUANG ES, eds. Molecular Aspects of Human Cytomegalovirus Diseases. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1992: 303-329.
51. CHEE M, RUDOLPH S. PLACHTER B, BARRELL B, JAHN G. Identification of the major capsid protein gene of human cytomegalovirus. J Virol 1989: 63: 1345.
52. ROBSON L, GIBSON W. Primate cytomegalovirus assembly protein: genome location and nucleotide sequence. J Virol 1989: 63: 669.
53. BAUM EZ, BEBERNITZ GA, HULMES JD, MUZITHRAS VP, JONES TR, GLUZMAN Y. Expression and analysis of the human cytomegalovirus UL80-encoded protease: identification of autoproteolytic sites. J Virol 1993: 67: 497.
54. JONES TR, SUN L, BEBERNITZ GA, et al. Proteolytic activity of human cytomegalovirus UL80 protease cleavage site mutants. J Virol 1994: 68: 3742.
55. GIBSON W, MARCY AI, COMOLLI JC, LEE J. Identification of precursor to cytomegalovirus capsid assembly protein and evidence that processing results in loss of its carboxy-terminal end J Virol 1990: 64: 1241.
56. GREIS KD, GIBSON W, HART GW. Site-specific glycosylation of the human cytomegalovirus tegument basic phosphoprotein (UL32) at serine 921 and serine 952. J Virol 1994: 68: 8339.
57. HENSEL G, MEYER H, GARTNER S, BRAND G, KERN HF. Nuclear localization of the human cytomegalovirus tegument protein pp150 (ppUL32). J Gen Virol 1995: 76: 1591.
58. DAL MONTE P, BESSIA C, LANDINI MP, MICHELSON S. Expression of human cytomegalovirus ppUL83 (pp65) in a stable cell line and its association with metaphase chromosomes. J Gen Virol 1996: 77: 2591
59. BRITT WJ, AUGER D. Human cytomegalovirus virion-associated protein with kinase activity. J Virol 1986: 59: 185.
60. ROBY C, GIBSON W. Characterization of phosphoproteins and protein kinase activity of virions, noninfectious enveloped particles, and dense bodies of human cytomegalovirus. J Virol 1986: 59: 714.
61. MICHELSON S, TARDY-PANIT M, BARZU O. Properties of a human cytomegalovirus induced protein kinase Virol 1984: 134: 259.
62. BRITT WJ, VUGLER L. Structural and immunological characterization of the intracellular forms of an ubandant 68 000 M human cytomegalovirus protein. J Gen Virol 1987: 68: 1897.
63. GREFTE JMM, et al. The lower matrix protein pp65 is the principal viral antigen present in peripheral blood leukocytes during an active cytomegalovirus infection. J Gen Virol 1992: 73: 2923.
64. SCHMOLKE S, KERN HF, DRESCHER P, JAHN G, PLACHTER B. The dominant phosphoprotein pp65 (UL83) of human cytomegalovirus is dispensable for growth in cell culture. J Virol 1995: 69: 5959.
65. DAL MONTE P, et al. Stably expressed antisense RNA to cytomegalovirus UL83 inhibits viral replication. J Virol 1996: 70: 2086.
66. SCHMOLKE S, DRESCHER P, JAHN G, PLACHTER B. Nuclear targeting of the tegument protein pp65 (UL83) of human cytomegalovirus: an unusual bipartite nuclear localization signal functions with other portions of the protein to mediate its efficient nuclear transport. J Virol 1995: 69: 1071.
67. LIU B, STINSKI MF. Human cytomegalovirus contains a tegument protein that enhances transcription from promoters with upstream ATF and AP-1 cis-acting elements. J Virol 1992: 66: 4434.
68. GRETCH DR. KARI B, RASMUSSEN L, GEHRZ RC, STINSKI MF. Identification and characterization of three distinct families of glycoprotein complexes present in the envelopes of human cytomegalovirus. J Virol 1988: 62: 875.
69. GRETCH DR, GEHRZ RC, STINSKI MF. Characterization of a human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein complex (gCI). J Gen Virol 1988: 69: 1205.
70. BRITT WJ, VUGLER L. Processing of the gp55-116 envelope glycoprotein complex (gB) of human cytomegalovirus. J Virol 1989: 63: 403.
71. NAVARRO D, PAZ P, TUGIZOV S, TOPP K, LA VAIL J, PEREIRA L. Glycoprotein B of human cytomegalovirus promotes virion penetration into cells, transmission of infection from cell to cell, and fusion of infected cells. Virol 1993: 197: 143.
72. TUGIZOV S, NAVARRO D, PAZ P, WANG Y, QADRI I, PEREIRA L. Function of human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B: syncytium formation in cells constitutively expressing gB is blocked by virus neutralizing antibodies. Virology 1994: 201: 263.
73. BOLD S, OHLIN M, GARTEN W, RADSAK K. Structural domains involved in human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B-mediated cell-cell fusion. J Gen Virol 1996: 77: 2297.
74. KARI B, GOERTZ R, GEHRZ R. Characterization of cytomegalovirus glycoproteins in a family of complexes designated gC-II with murine monoclonal antibodies. Arch Virol 1990: 112: 55.
75. KOLLERT-JONS A, BOGNER E, RADSAK K. A 15-kilo-base-pair region of the human cytomegalovirus genome which includes US1 through US13 is dispensable for growth in cell culture. J Virol 1991: 65: 5184.
76. KARI B, Li W, COOPER J, GOERTZ R, RADEKE B. The human cytomegalovirus UL100 gene encodes the gC-II glycoproteins recognized by group 2 monoclonal antibodies. J Gen Virol 1994: 75: 3081.
77. KARI B, GEHRZ R. A human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein complex designated gC-II is a major heparin binding component of the envelope. J Virol 1992: 66. 1761.
78. KARI B, GEHRZ R. Structure, composition and heparin binding properties of a human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein complex designated gC-II. J Gen Virol 1993: 74: 255.
79. COMPTON T, NOWLIN DM, COOPER NR. Initiation of human cytomegalovirus infection requires initial interaction with cell surface heparan sulfate. Virology 1993: 193: 834.
80. KAYE JF, GOMPELS UA, MINSON AC. Glycoprotein H of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) forms a stable complex with the HCMV UL115 gene product. J Gen Virol 1992: 73: 2693.
81. SPAETE RR, PEROT K, SCOTT PI. NELSON JA, STINSKI MF, PACHL C. Coexpression of truncated human Cytomegalovirus gH with the UL115 gene product or the truncated human fibroblast growth factor receptor results in transport of gH to the cell surface Virology 1993 193: 853
82. RASMUSSEN L, RESTA S, MERIGAN T. Human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein-receptor interactions. Transpl Proc 1991: 23: 60.
83. KEAY S, BALDWIN B. Anti-idiotype antibodies that mimic gp86 of human cytomegalovirus inhibit viral fusion but not attachment. J Virol 1991: 65: 5124.
84. KEAY S, BALDWIN B. The human fibroblast receptor for gp86 of human cytomegalovirus is a phosphorylated glycoprotein. J Virol 1992: 66: 4834.
85. URBAN M, WINKLER T, LANDINI MP, BRITT W, MACH M. Epitope-specific distribution of IgG subclasses against antigenic domains on glycoproteins of human cytomegalovirus. J Infect Dis 1994: 169: 83.
86. GILLJAM G, WAHREN B. Properties of IgG subclasses to human cytomegalovirus. J Virol Methods 1989: 25: 139.
87. HAMANN A, DOERR HW. IgG subclass-specific antibodies to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-induced early antigens. Med Microbiol Immunol 1991: 180: 193.
88. BRITT WJ, VUGLER L, BUTFILOSKI E, STEPHENS EB. Cell surface expression of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) gp55-116 (gB): use of HCMV recombinant vaccinia virus-infected cells in analysis of the human neutralizing antibody response. J Virol 1990: 64: 1079.
89. GONCZOL E, et al. High expression of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-gB protein in cells infected with a vaccinia-gB recombinant: the importance of the gB protein in HCMV immunity. Vaccine 1991: 9: 631.
90. KNIESS N, MACH M, FAY J, BRITT WJ. Distribution of linear antigenic sites on glycoprotein gp55 of human cytomegalovirus. J Virol 1991: 65: 138.
91. UTZ U, BRITT W, VUGLER L, MACH M. Identification of a neutralizing epitope on glycoprotein gp58 of human cytomegalovirus. J Virol 1989: 63: 1995.
92. WAGNER B, KROPFF B, KALBACHER H, et al. A continuous sequence of more than 70 amino acids is essential for antibody binding to the dominant antigenic site of glycoprotein gp58 of human cytomegalovirus. J Virol 1992: 66: 5290.
93. MEYER H, MASUHO Y, MACH M. The gp116 of the gp58/116 complex of human cytomegalovirus represents the amino-terminal part of the precursor molecule and contains a neutralizing epitope. J Gen Virol 1990. 71: 2443.
94. MEYER H, SUNDQVIST V, PEREIRA L, MACH M. Glycoprotein gp116 of human cytomegalovirus contains epitopes for strain-common and strain-specific antibodies. J Gen Virol 1992: 73: 2375.
95. KROPFF B, LANDINI MP, MACH M. An ELISA using recombinant proteins for the detection of neutralizing antibodies against human cytomegalovirus. J Med Virol 1993: 39: 187.
96. MASUHO Y, MATSUMOTO Y, TOMIYAMA T. SUGANO T, ONO S. Characterization of human anti-cytomegalovirus monoclonal antibody as biologies. Develop Biol Standard 1990: 71: 127.
97. RASMUSSEN L, MATKIN C, SPAETE R, PACHL C, MERIGAN TC. Antibody response to human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein gB and gH after natural infection in humans. J Infect Dis 1991: 164: 835.
98. SIMPSON JA, CHOW JC, BAKER J, et al. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies that distinguish three antigenic sites on human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein H have conformationally distinct binding sites. J Virol 1993: 67: 489.
99. URBAN M, BRITT W, MACH M. The dominant linear neutralizing antibody-binding site of glycoprotein gp86 of human cytomegalovirus is strain specific. J Virol 1992: 66: 1303.
100. JAHN G, MACH M. Human cytomegalovirus phosphoproteins and glycoproteins and their coding regions. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1990: 154: 171.
101. LANDINI MP, ROSSIER E, SCHMITZ H. Antibodies to human cytomegalovirus structural polypeptides during primary infection. J Virol Methods 1988: 22: 309.
102. VORNHAGEN R, PLACHTER B, HINDERER W, et al. Early serodiagnosis of acute human cytomegalovirus infection by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant antigens. J Clin Microbiol 1994. 32: 981.
103. SUNDQVIST V, XU W, WAHREN B. Antibody responses to synthetic peptides from cytomegalovirus phosphoprotein 150. J Clin Microbiol 1992: 30: 2735.
104. PLACHTER B, WIECZOREK L, SCHOLL BC. ZIEGELMAIER R, JAHN G. Detection of cytomegalovirus antibodies by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant polypeptides of the large phosphorylated tegument protein pp150. J Clin Microbiol 1992: 30: 201.
105. GIUGNI TD, CHURCHILL MA, PANDE H, CAMPO K, GUHA M, ZAIA JA. Expression in insect cells and immune reactivity of a 28 K tegument protein of human cytomegalovirus. J Gen Virol 1992: 73: 2367.
106. GONCZOL E, IANACONE J, FURLINI G, HO W, PLOTKIN SA. Humoral immune response to cytomegalovirus Towne vaccine strain and to Toledo low-passage strain. J Infect Dis 1989: 159: 851.
107. VAN ZANTEN J, VAN DER GIESSEN M, VAN SON WJ, THE TH. Antibody responses to human cytomegalovirus-specific polypeptides studied by immunoblotting in relation to viral load during cytomegalovirus infection. J Med Virol 1993: 39: 80.
108. VAN ZANTEN J, HARMSEN MC, VAN DER GIESSEN M, VAN DER BIJ W, PROP J, DE LEU L. THE TH. Humoral immune response against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-specific proteins after HCMV infection in lung transplantation as detected with recombinant and naturally occurring proteins. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 1995: 2: 214.
109. PLACHTER B, KLAGES S, HAGELMANN S, BRITT W, LANDINI MP, JAHN G. Procaryotic expression of phosphorylated tegument protein pp65 of human cytomegalovirus and application of recombinant peptides for immunoblot analysis. J Clin Microbiol 1990: 28: 1229.
110. OHLIN M, PLACHTER B, SUNDQVIST V, STEENBAKKERS PGA, MIDDELDORP JM, BORREBAECK CAK. Human antibody reactivity against the lower matrix protein (pp65) produced by cytomegalovirus. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 1995: 2: 325.
111. PLOTKIN SA, KOSZINOWSKI UH. Multidisciplinary Approach to Understanding Cytomegalovirus Disease. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1993: 341.
112. SPILLER B, MORGAN BP, TUFARO F, DEVINE DV. Altered expression of host-encoded complement regulators on human cytomegelovirus-infected cells. Eur J Immunol. 1996: 26: 1532.
113. JONJIC S, PAVIC I, POLIC B, CRNKOVIC I, LUCIN P, KOSZINOWSKI UH. Antibodies are not essential for the resolution of primary cytomegalovirus infection but limit dissemination of recurrent virus. J Exp Med 1994: 179: 1713.
114. REDDEHASE MJ, FIBI MR, KEIL GM, KOSZINOWSKI UH. Late-phase expression of a murine cytomegalovirus immediate early antigen recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes. J Virol 1986: 60: 1125.
115. REDDEHASE MJ, BUHRING HJ, KOSZINOWSKI UH. Cloned long-term cytolytic T-lymphocyte line with specificity for an immediate-early membrane antigen of murine cytomegalovirus. J Virol 1986: 57: 408.
116. KOSZINOWSKI UH, REDDEHASE MJ, KEIL GM, SCHICKEDANZ J. Host immune response to cytomegalovirus: products of transfected viral immediate-early genes are recognized by cloned cytolytic T lymphocytes. J Virol 1987: 61: 2054.
117. + -positive T lymphocytes specific for murine cytomegalovirus immediate-early antigens mediate protective immunity. J Virol 1987: 61: 3102.
118. JONJIC S, DEL VAL M, KEIL GM. REDDEHASE MJ, KOSZINOWSKI UH. A nonstructural viral protein expressed by a recombinant vaccina virus protects against lethal cytomegalovirus infection. J Virol 1988: 62: 1653.
119. DEL VAL M, SCHLICHT HJ, VOLKMER HJ, MESSERLE M. REDDEHASE MJ. KOSZINOWSKI UH. Protection against lethal cytomegalovirus infection by a recombinant vaccine containing a single nonameric T-cell epitope. J Virol 1991: 65: 3641.
120. ROOK AH, SMITH WJ, BURDICK JF, et al. Virus-specific cytotoxic lymphocyte responses are predictive of the outcome of cytomegalovirus infection of renal transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 1984. 16: 1466.
121. RIDDELL SR, WATANABE KS, GOODRICH JM, LI CR, AGHA ME, GREENBERG PD. Restoration of viral immunity in immunodeficient humans by the adoptive transfer of T cell clones. Science 1992: 257: 238.
122. BORYSIEWICZ LK, GRAHAM S, HICKLING JK, MASON PD, SISSONS JGP. Human cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T cells: their precursor frequency and stage specificity. Eur J Immunol 1988: 18: 269.
123. BORYSIEWICZ LK, HICKLING JK, GRAHAM S, et al. Human cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic cells. Relative frequency of stage-specific CTL recognizing the 72-kDa immediate early protein and glycoprotein B expressed by recombinant vaccinia viruses. J Exp Med 1988: 168: 919.
124. RIDDELL SR, RABIN M, GEBALLE AP. BRITT WJ, GREENBERG PD. Class I MHC-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte recognition of cells infected with human cytomegalovirus does not require endogenous viral gene expression. J Immunol 1991: 146: 2795.
125. + virus specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Med Virol 1994: 43: 103.
126. BOPPANA SB. BRITT WJ. Recognition of human cytomegalovirus gene products by HCMV-specific cytotoxic T cells. Virology 1996: 222: 293.
127. WALTER EA, GREENBERG PD, GILBERT M, FINCH RJ, WATANABE KS, THOMAS ED, RIDDELL SR. Reconstitution of cellular immunity against cytomegalovirus in recipients of allogeneic bone marrow by transfer of T-cell clones from the donor. N Enal J Med 1995: 333: 1038.
128. WILLS MR, CARMICHEAL AJ, MYNARD K, et al. The human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response to cytomegalovirus is dominated by structural protein pp65: frequency, specific and T-cell receptor usage of pp65-specific CTL. J Virol 1996: 70: 7569.
129. VAN ZANTEN J, VAN DER Bu W, DE BOER WJ, PROP J, DE LEIJ L, THE TH. Cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T cell responses in lung transplant recipients. Submitted.
130. VAN ZANTEN J, et al. Proliferative T cell responses to four human cytomegalovirus-specific proteins in healthy subjects and solid organ transplant recipients. J Infect Dis 1995: 172: 879.
131. ALP NJ, ALLPORT TD, VAN ZANTEN J. RODGERS B, SISSONS JGP, BORYSIEWICZ LK Fine specificity of cellular immune responses in humans to human cytomegalovirus immediate-early 1 protein. J Virol 1991: 65: 4812.
132. CURTSINGER JM, LIU YC, RADEKE R, et al. Molecular analysis of the immune response to human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B (gB). II. Low gB-specific T and B cell responses are associated with expression of certain HLA-DR alleles. J Gen Virol 1994: 75: 301.
133. LIU YC. KLAUS A, KARI B, STINSKI MF, ECKHARDT J, GEHRZ RC. The N-terminal 513 amino acids of the envelope glycoprotein gB of human cytomegalovirus stimulates both B- and T-cell immune responses in humans. J Virol 1991: 65: 1644.
134. FORMAN SJ, ZAIA JA, CLARK BR, et al. A 64 000 Da matrix protein of human cytomegalovirus induces in vitro immune responses similar to those of whole viral antigen. J Immunol 1985: 134: 3391.
135. HE H, RINALDO CR, MOREL PA. T cell proliferative responses to five human cytomegalovirus proteins in healthy seropositive individuals: implications for vaccine development. J Gen Virol 1995: 76: 1603.
136. BENINGA J, KROPFF B, MACH M. Comparative analysis of fourteen individual human cytomegalovirus proteins for helper T cell response. J Gen Virol 1995: 76: 153.
137. VAN DEN BERG AP, et al. Recovery from cytomegalovirus infection is associated with activation of peripheral blood lymphocytes J Infect Dis 1992: 166: 1228.
138. BEERSMA MFC, BIJLMAKERS MJE, PLOEGH HL. Human cytomegalovirus down-regulates HLA class I expression by reducing the stability of class 1 H chains. J Immunol 1993: 151: 4455.
139. WARREN AP, DUCROQ DH, LEHNER PJ, BORYSIEWICZ LK. Human cytomegalovirus-infected cells have unstable assembly of major histocompatibility complex class I complexes and are resistant to lysis by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Virol 1994. 68: 2822.
140. WIERTZ EJHJ, JONES TR, SUN L, BOGYO M, GEUZE HJ, PLOEGH H. The human cytomegalovirus US11 gene product dislocates MHC class I heavy chains from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Cell 1996: 84: 769.
141. WIERTZ EJHJ. TORTORELLA D, BOGYO M, YU J, et al. Sec61-mediated transfer of a membrane protein from the endoplasmic reticulum to the proteasome for destruction. Nature 1996: 384: 432.
142. MACHOLD RP, WIERTZ EJHJ, JONS TR, PLOEGH HL. The HCMV gene products US11 and US2 differ in their ability to attack allelic forms of marine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I heavy chains. J Exp Med 1997: 185: 363.
143. WIERTZ E, HILL A, TORTORELLA D, PLOEGH H. Cytomegalovirus use multiple mechanisms to elude the host immune response. Immunol Lett 1997: 57: 13.
144. HENGEL H, FLOHR T, HAMMERLING GJ, KOSZINOWSKI UH, MOMBURG F. Human cytomegalovirus inhibits peptide translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum for MHC class I assembly. J Gen Virol 1996: 77: 2287.
145. AHN K, ANGULO A, GHAZAL P, PETERSON PA, YANG Y, FRUH K. Human cytomegalovirus inhibits antigen presentation in a sequential multistep process. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996: 93: 10990.
146. JONES TR, WIERTZ EJHJ, SUN L, FISH KN, NELSON JA, PLOEGH HL. Human cytomegalovirus US3 impairs transport and maturation of major histocompatibility complex class I heavy chain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996: 93: 11327.
147. GILBERT MJ, RIDDELL SR, LI CR, GREENBERG PD. Selective interference with class I major histocompatibility complex presentation of the major immediate early protein following infection with human cytomegalovirus. J Virol 1993: 67: 3461.
148. GILBERT MJ, RIDDELL SR, PLACHTER B, GREENBERG PD. Cytomegalovirus selectively blocks antigen processing and presentation of its immediate-early gene product. Nature (London) 1996: 383: 720.
149. WILLS MR. 5th International Cytomegaloviurs Conference, Stockholm, 1995. Unpublished.
150. HENGEL H, ESSLINGER C, POOL J, GOULMY E. KOSZINOWSKI UH Cytokines restore MHC class I complex formation and control antigen presentation in human cytomegalovirus-infected cells. J Gen Virol 1995: 76: 2987