Molecular biology of cartilage and bone destruction

Current Opinion in Rheumatology

Volumn 10, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 212-219

  Müller Ladner, Ulf ^a,b   Gay, Renate E ^b   Gay, Steffen ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF REGENSBURG   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL ZURICH   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

APOPTOSIS; ARTICULAR CARTILAGE; BONE; CARTILAGE CELL; CELL ADHESION; CELL CYCLE; CELL PROLIFERATION; FIBROBLAST; HUMAN; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTO ONCOGENE; REVIEW; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; SYNOVIUM;

APOPTOSIS; ARTHRITIS, RHEUMATOID; BONE AND BONES; CARTILAGE, ARTICULAR; CELL ADHESION; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; HUMANS; HYPERPLASIA; INFLAMMATION; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; PROTO-ONCOGENES; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE;

EID: 0031805430     PISSN: 10408711     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00002281-199805000-00010     Document Type: Review

References (82)

1. Gay S, Gay RE, Koopman WJ: Molecular and cellular mechanisms of joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis: two cellular mechanisms explain joint destruction? Ann Rheum Dis 1993, 52:839-847.
2. Mulherin D, Fitzgerald O, Bresnihan B: Clinical improvement and radiological deterioration in rheumatoid arthritis: evidence that the pathogenesis of synovial inflammation and articular erosion may differ. Br J Rheumatol 1996, 35:1263-1268. Convincing radiologie data show that rheumatoid joint destruction can progress independently from systemic inflammatory processes.
3. Firestein GS: Invasive fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis: passive responders or transformed aggressors? Arthritis Rheum 1996, 39:1781-1790. This article provides an excellent summary outlining the distinct properties that distinguish RA synovial fibroblasts, the transformed aggressors, from other fibroblasts.
4. Smith RS, Smith TJ, Blieden TM, Phipps RP: Fibroblasts as sentinel cells: synthesis of chemokines and regulation of inflammation. Am J Pathol 1997, 151:317-322. This is an interesting review on the role of chemokines that may be released by fibroblasts and subsequently chemoattract inflammatory cells.
5. Burmester GR, Stuhlmüller B, Keyszer G, Kinne RW: Review: Mononuclear phagocytes and rheumatoid synovitis: mastermind or workhorse in arthritis? Arthritis Rheum 1997, 40:5-18. This outstanding presentation addresses the impact of synovial macrophages on rheumatoid arthritis pathophysiology.
6. Pitzalis C: Role of adhesion mechanisms in the pathogenesis of chronic synovitis. Br J Rheumatol 1996, 35:1198-1215. This article specifically presents details on the adhesion and homing of CD45RO cells into inflamed synovium.
7. Mojcik CF, Shevach EM: Adhesion molecules: a rheumatologic perspective. Arthritis Rheum 1997, 40:991-1004. This overview addresses the role of adhesion molecules in rheumatic diseases.
8. Arend WP: The pathophysiology and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1997, 40:595-597. This article highlights the current and prospective pathophysiology and treatment of RA, specifically asking the question if RA might be a heterogeneous group of diseases.
9. TC subset with matrix turnover and clinical progression. Arthritis Rheum 1997, 40:479-489.
10. Tak PP, Smeets TJM, Daha MR, Kluin PM, Meijers KAE, Brand R, Meinders AE, Breedveld FC: Analysis of the synovial cell infiltrate in early rheumatoid synovial tissue in relation to local disease activity. Arthritis Rheum 1997, 40:217-225. This report shows that the scores of inflammatory cells and macrophages do not differ between early and long-term RA.
11. Zvaifler NJ, Tsai V, Alsalameh S, von Kempis J, Firestein GS, Lotz M: Pannocytes: distinctive cells found In rheumatoid arthritis articular cartilage erosions. Am J Pathol 1997, 150:1125-1138.
12. Xue C, Takahashi M, Hasunuma T, Aono H, Yamamoto K, Yoshino S, Sumida T, Nishioka K: Characterisation of fibroblast-like cells in pannus lesions of patients with rheumatoid arthritis sharing properties of fibroblasts and chondrocytes. Ann Rheum Dis 1997, 56:262-267.
13. Mattey DL, Dawes PT, Nixon NB, Slater H: Transforming growth factor β1 and interleukin 4 induced a smooth muscle actin expression and myofibroblast-like differentiation in human synovial fibroblasts in vitro: modulation by basic fibroblast growth factor. Ann Rheum Dis 1997, 56:426-431.
14. Wagner S, Fritz P, Einsele H, Sell S, Saal JG: Evaluation of synovial cytokine patterns in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Rheumatol Int 1997, 16:191-196.
15. Cauli A, Yanni G, Panayi GS: Interleukin-1, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and macrophage populations in rheumatoid arthritis synovial membrane. Br J Rheumatol 1997, 36:935-940.
16. Hui W, Bell M, Carroll G: Detection of oncostatin M in synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1997, 56:184-187.
17. Okamoto H, Yamamura M, Morita Y, Harada S, Makino H, Ota Z: The synovial expression and serum levels of interleukln-6, interleukin-11, leukemia inhibitory factor, and oncostatin M in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1997, 40:1096-1105.
18. Okano K, Tsukazaki T, Ohtsuru A, Namba H, Osaki M, Iwasaki K, Yamashita S: Parathyroid hormone-related peptide in synovial fluid and disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheumatol 1996, 35:1056-1062.
19. Grabowski PS, Wright PK, Van'T Hof RJ, Helfrich MH, Oshima H, Ralston SH: Immunolocalization of inducible nitric oxide synthese in synovium and cartilage in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Br J Rheumatol 1997, 36:651-655.
20. Billich A, Winkler G, Aschauer H, Rot A, Peichl P: Presence of cyclophilin A in synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Exp Med 1997, 185:975-980.
21. Paleolog EM: Angiogenesis: a critical process in the pathogenesis of RA-a role for VEGF? Br J Rheumatol 1996, 35:917-920. The role of VEGF in active neovascularization in RA synovium is addressed.
22. Jackson JR, Minton JAL, Ho ML, Wie N, Winkler JD: Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in synovial fibroblasts is induced by hypoxia and interleukin 1β. J Rheumatol 1997, 24:1253-1259.
23. Waguri Y, Otsuka T, Sugimura I, Matsui N, Asai K, Moriyama A, Kato T: Gliostatin/platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor as a clinical marker of rheumatoid arthritis and its regulation in fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Br J Rheumatol 1997, 36:315-321.
24. Krenn V, Schedel J, Döring A, Huppertz H-I, Gohlke F, Tony H-P, Vollmers HP, Müller-Hermelink HK: Endothelial cells are the major source of sICAM-1 in rheumatoid synovial tissue. Rheumatol Int 1997, 17:17-27.
25. Konttinen YT, Ceponis A, Mero S, Vuorikoski A, Kortekangas P, Sorsa T, Sukura A, Santavirta S: Complement in acute and chronic arthritides: assessment of C3c, C9, and protectin (CD59) in synovial membrane. Ann Rheum Dis 1996, 55:888-894.
26. Ĉeponis A, Konttinen YT, Mackevicius Z, Solovieva SA, Hukkanen M, Tamulaitiene, Matulis A, Santavirta S: Aberrant vascularity and von Willebrand factor distribution in inflamed synovial membrane. J Rheumatol 1996, 23:1880-1886.
27. Asahara H, Fujisawa K, Kobata T, Hasunuma T, Maeda T, Asanuma M, Ogawa N, Inoue H, Sumida T, Nishioka K: Direct evidence of high DNA binding activity of transcription factor AP-1 in rheumatoid arthritis synovium. Arthritis Rheum 1997, 40:912-918. Novel data support the idea that AP-1, a jun/fos protooncogene product, is part of a key activation pathway in RA pathophysiology.
28. Crofford LJ, Tan B, McCarthy CJ, Hla T: Involvement of nuclear factor KB in the regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression by interleukin-1 in rheumatoid synoviocytes. Arthritis Rheum 1997, 40:226-236. The authors show that nuclear transcription factor NFκB increases proinflammatory COX-2 expression in RA synovial fibroblasts.
29. Morita Y, Kahsihara N, Yamamura M, Okamoto H, Harada S, Maeshima Y, Okamoto K, Makino H: Inhibition of rheumatoid synovial fibroblast proliferation by antisense oligonucleotides targeting proliferating cell nuclear antigen messenger RNA. Arthritis Rheum 1997, 40:1292-1297.
30. Xue C, Hasunuma T, Asahara H, Yin W, Maeda T, Fujisawa K, Dong Y, Sumida T, Nishioka K: Transcriptional regulation of the HOX4C gene by basic fibroblast growth factor on rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. Arthritis Rheum 1997, 40:1628-1635. Data of the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor on a family of transcriptional regulators, so-called homebox genes, are presented.
31. Boyle DL, Han Z, Rutter JL, Brinckerhoff CE, Firestein GS: Posttranscriptional regulation of collagenase-1 gene expression in synoviocytes by adenosine receptor stimulation. Arthritis Rheum 1997, 40:1772-1779. This report shows that the adenosine receptor is involved in the regulation of collagenase expression in RA synovial fibroblasts.
32. Kuroda A, Sugiyama E, Taki H, Mino T, Kobayashi M: Interleukin-4 inhibits the gene expression and biosynthesis of cytosolic phospholipase A2 in lipopolysaccharide stimulated U937 macrophage cell line and freshly prepared adherent rheumatoid synovial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997, 230:40-43.
33. Loeser RF, Varnum BC, Carlson CS, Goldring MB, Liu ET, Sadiev S, Kute TE, Wallin R: Human chondrocytes expression of growth-arrest-specific gene 6 and the tyrosine kinase receptor receptor AXL. Arthritis Rheum 1997, 40:1455-1465.
34. Müller-Ladner U, Kriegsmann J, Gay RE, Gay S: Oncogenes in rheumatoid synovium. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1995, 21:675-690.
35. Grimbacher B, Aicher WK, Peter HH, Eibel H: Measurement of transcription factor c-fos and EGR-1 mRNA transcription levels in synovial tissue by quantitative RT-PCR. Rheumatol Int 1997, 17:109-112.
36. Mangasser-Stephan K, Dooley S, Welter C, Mutschier W, Hanselmann RG: Identification of human semaphorin E gene expression in rheumatoid synovial cells by mRNA differential display. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997, 234:153-156.
37. Hunter T: Oncoprotein networks. Cell 1997, 88:333-346. This outstanding review summarizes the current knowledge of oncoproteins and their role in various molecular networks that may also be operative in RA synovium.
38. Roivanen A, Jalava J, Pirilä L, Yli-Jama T, Tiusanen H, Toivanen P: H-ras oncogene point mutations in arthritic synovium. Arthritis Rheum 1997, 40:1636-1643.
39. Kalden JR, Gay S: Retroviruses and autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Clin Exp Immunol 1994, 98:1-5.
40. Nagakawa K, Brusic V, McColl G, Harrison LC: Direct evidence for the expression of multiple endogenous retroviruses in the synovial compartment in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1997, 40:627-638.
41. Haas C, Aicher WK, Dinkel A, Peter HH, Eibel H: Characterization of SV40T antigen immortalized human synovial fibroblasts: maintained expression patterns of EGR-1, HLA-DR and some surface receptors. Rheumatol Int 1997, 16:241-247.
42. Abe M, Tanaka Y, Saito K, Shirakawa F, Koyama Y, Goto S, Eto S: Regulation of interleukln (IL)-1β gene transcription induced by IL-1β in rheumatoid synovial fibroblast-like cells, E11, transformed with simian virus 40 large T antigen. J Rheumatol 1997, 24:420-429.
43. Zhang HG, Blackburn WD Jr, Minghetti PP: Characterization of a SV40-transformed rheumatoid synovial cell line which retains genotypic expression patterns: a model for evaluation of anti-arthritic agents. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 1997, 33:37-41.
44. Koide J, Takada K, Sugiura M, Sekine H, ItO T, Saito K, Mori S, Takeuchi T, Uchida S, Abe T: Spontaneous establishment of an Epstein-Barr virus-infected fibroblast line from the synovial tissue of a rheumatoid arthritis patient. J Virol 1997, 71:2478-2481.
45. Hasunuma T, Morimoto T, Hoa TTM, Müller-Ladner U, Aono H, Ogawa R, Gay S, Nishioka K: Tenosynovial nodulosls in a patient infected with human T cell leukemia virus I. Arthritis Rheum 1997, 40:578-582.
46. Asahara H, Hasunuma T, Kobata T, Inoue H, Müller-Ladner U, Gay S, Sumida T, Nishioka K: In situ expression of protooncogenes and Fas/Fas ligand in rheumatoid arthritis synovium. J Rheumatol 1997, 24:430-435. The article demonstrates in situ the coexpression of key molecules regulating proliferation and apoptosis in RA synovium.
47. Freiberg RA, Spencer DM, Choate KA, Duh HJ, Schreiber SL, Crabtree GR, Khavari PA: Fas signal transduction triggers either proliferation or apoptosis in human fibroblasts. J Invest Dermatol 1997, 108:215-219. This report shows that proliferation and apoptosis are dependent on the level of Fas expression.
48. Okamoto K, Fujisawa K, Hasunuma T, Kobata T, Sumida T, Nishioka K: Selective activation of the JNK/AP-1 pathway in Fas-mediated apoptosis of rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes. Arthritis Rheum 1997, 40:919-926. This article demonstrates an important pathway in Fas-mediated apoptosis of RA synovial fibroblasts.
49. Nozawa K, Kayagaki N, Tokano Y, Yagita H, Okumura K, Hasimoto H: Soluble Fas (APO-1, CD95) and soluble Fas ligand in rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Rheum 1997, 40:1126-1129.
50. Zhang H, Yang Y, Horton JL, Samoilova EB, Judge TA, Turka LA, Wilson JM, Chen Y: Amelioration of collagen-induced arthritis by CD95 [APO-1/Fas]-ligand gene transfer. J Clin Invest 1997, 100:1951-1957. The authors present data showing that retroviral gene transfer of Fas ligand leads to reduction of inflammatory cells in the collagen-induced arthritis model.
51. Cantwell MJ, Hua T, Zvaifler NJ, Kipps TJ: Deficient Fas ligand expression by synovial lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1997, 40:1644-1652.
52. Firestein GS, Nguyen K, Aupperle KR, Yeo M, Boyle DL, Zvaifler NJ: Apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis: p53 overexpression in rheumatoid arthritis synovium. Am J Pathol 1996, 149:2143-2151. This is the first report to demonstrate the presence of the tumor-suppressor gene product p53 in RA synovium.
53. Firestein GS, Echeverri F, Yeo M, Zvaifler NJ, Green DR: Somatic mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene in rheumatoid arthritis synovium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997, 94:10895-10900. This article provides an interesting analysis of p53 mutations in RA synovium, bearing the potential of a key pathway in RA synovial hyperplasia.
54. Okura T, Gong L, Kamitani T, Wada T, Okura I, Wie CF, Chang HM, Yeh ET: Protection against Fas/APO-1- and tumor necrosis factor-mediated cell death by a novel protein, sentrin. J Immunol 1997, 157:4277-4281.
55. Franz JK, Hummel KM, Aicher WK, Müller-Ladner U, Gay RE, Gay S: Sentrin, a novel anti-apoptotic molecule is strongly expressed in synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Arthritis Rheum 1997, 40:3116.
56. Migita K, Eguchi K, Ichinose Y, Kawabe Y, Tsukada T, Aoyagi T, Nagataki S: Effects of rapamycin on apoptosis of rheumatoid synovial cells. CHn Exp Immunol 1997, 108:199-203.
57. Hui A, Kulkarni GV, Hunter WL, McCulloch CAG, Cruz TF: Paclitaxel selectively induces mitotic arrest and apoptosis in proliferating bovine synoviocytes. Arthritis Rheum 1997, 40:1073-1084. The transfer of a drug used in chemotherapy of malignant diseases to rheumatic diseases is addressed.
58. Littler AJ, Buckley CD, Wordworth P, Collins I, Martinson J, Simmons DL: A distinct profile of six soluble adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, ICAM-3, VCAM-1, E-selectin, L-selectin, and p-selectin) in rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheumatol 1997, 36:164-169.
59. Rinaldi N, Schwarz-Eywill M, Leppelmann-Jansen P, Lukoschek M, Keilholz U, Barth TFE: Increased expression of integrins on fibroblast-like synoviocytes from rheumatoid arthritis in vitro correlates with enhanced binding to extracellular matrix proteins. Ann Rheum Dis 1997, 56:45-51.
60. Müller-Ladner U, Elices MJ, Kriegsmann JB, Strahl D, Gay RE, Firestein G, Gay S: Alternatively spliced CS-1 fibronectin isoform and Ist receptor VLA-4 in rheumatoid arthritis synovium. J Rheumatol 1997, 24:1873-1880. This is the first report to show data on the expression of three mutually interacting adhesion molecules in RA synovium.
61. Wang AZ, Wang JC, Fisher GW, Diamond HS: interleukin-1β-stimulated invasion of articular cartilage by rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts is inhibited by antibodies to specific integrin receptors and by collagenase inhibitors. Arthritis Rheum 1997, 40:1298-1307.
62. Nakatsuka K, Tanaka Y, Hubscher S, Abe M, Wake A, Saito K, Morimoto I, Eto S: Rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts are stimulated by the cellular adhesion to T cells through lymphocyte function associated antigen-1/intercellular adhesion molecule-1. J Rheumatol 1997, 24:458-464. Data that the ICAM-leukocyte function antigen-1 pathway leads to IL-1 upregulation in RA synovial fibroblasts are presented.
63. d/CD18, a novel leukointegrin: comparison with other integrins and their ligands. Arthritis Rheum 1996, 39:1913-1921.
64. Pirilä L, Heino J: Altered integrin expression in rheumatoid synovial lining type B cells: in vitro cytokine regulation of α1β1, α6β1, and αvβ5 integrins. J Rheumatol 1996, 23:1691-1698.
65. Youssef PP, Triantafillou S, Parker A, Coleman M, Roberts-Thompson PJ, Ahern MJ, Smith MD: Effects of pulse methylprednisoione on cell adhesion molecules in the synovial membrane in rheumatoid arthritis: reduced E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression. Arthritis Rheum 1996, 39:1970-1979.
66. Scott BB, Weisbrot LM, Greenwood JD, Bogoch ER, Paige CJ, Keystone EC: Rheumatoid arthritis synovial flbroblast and U937 macrophage/monocyte cell line interaction In cartilage degradation. Arthritis Rheum 1997, 40:490-498. This report supports the idea that local interaction of cells with extracellular matrix at the site of invasion into cartilage may be a key pathway for rheumatoid synovial pathophysiology.
67. Fujikawa Y, Sabokbar A, Neale S, Athanasou NA: Human osteoclast formation and bone resorption by monocytes and synovial macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1997, 55:816-822.
68. Lemaire R, Huet G, Zerimech F, Grard G, Fontaine C, Duquesnoy B, Flipo R-M: Selective induction of the secretion of cathepsins B and L by cytokines in synovial fibroblast-like cells. Br J Rheumatol 1997, 36:735-743.
69. Iwata Y, Mort JS, Tateishi H, Lee ER: Macrophage cathepsin L, a factor in the erosion of subchondral bone in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1997, 40:499-509. This article underlines the role of cathepsin L in bone destruction in rheumatoid joints.
70. Hummel KM, Petrow PK, Jeisy E, Franz J, Gay RE, Brömme D, Gay S: Cathepsin K mRNA is expressed in synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at sites of bone destruction. Arthritis Rheum 1997, 40:3250.
71. Kozaci LD, Buttle DJ, Hollander AP: Degradation of type II collagen, but not proteoglycan, correlates with matrix metalloproteinase activity in cartilage expiant cultures. Arthritis Rheum 1997, 40:164-174.
72. Lindy O, Konttinen YT, Sorsa T, Ding Y, Santavirta S, Ceponis A, López-Otin C: Matrix metalloproteinase 13 (collagenase 3) in human rheumatoid synovium. Arthritis Rheum 1997, 40:1391-1399.
73. Moldovan F, Pelletier J-P, Hambor J, Cloutier J-M, Martel-Pelletier J: Collagenase-3 (matrix metalloproteinase 13) is preferentially localized in the deep layer of human arthritic cartilage in situ: in vitro mimicking effect by transforming growth factor β. Arthritis Rheum 1997, 40:1653-1661.
74. Nemoto O, Yamada H, Kikuchi T, Shimmei M, Obata K, Sato H, Seiki M: Suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 synthesis by interleukin-4 in human articular chondrocytes. J Rheumatol 1997, 24:1774-1779.
75. Gotis-Graham I, Hogg PJ, McNeil HP: Significant correlation between thromobospondin 1 and serine proteinase expression in rheumatoid synovium. Arthritis Rheum 1997, 40:1780-1787.
76. 2-macroglobulin signaling receptor on rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 1997, 272:497-502.
77. Busso N, Péclat V, So A, Sappino A-P: Plasminogen activation in synovial tissues: differences between normal, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis joints. Ann Rheum Dis 1997, 56:550-557.
78. Szekanecz Z, Haines GK, Koch AE: Differential expression of the urokinase receptor (CD87) in arthritic and normal synovial tissue. J Clin Pathol 1997, 50:314-319.
79. Ronday HK, Smits HH, Quax PHA, van der Pluijm G, Löwik CWGM, Breedveld FC, Verheijen JH: Bone matrix degradation by the plasminogen activation system: possible mechanism of bone destruction in arthritis. Br J Rheumatol 1997, 36:9-15. This article discusses the effects of plasminogen activation on joint destruction in RA synovium, especially focusing on inhibition of osteoblast-dependent matrix destruction.
80. Morris R, Winyard PG, Brass LF, Blake DR, Morris CJ: Thrombin receptor expression in rheumatoid and osteoarthritic synovial tissue. Ann Rheum Dis 1996, 55:841-843.
81. Ohba T, Takase Y, Ohhara M, Kasukawa R: Thrombin in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis mediates proliferation of synovial fibroblast-like cells by induction of platelet-derived growth factor. J Rheumatol 1996, 23:1505-1511.
82. Hummel KM, Gay RE, Gay S: Novel strategies for the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheumatol 1997, 36:265-267.