Characteristics of turbulent cross and alongshore momentum exchanges during a thermal bar episode in Lake Ontario

Nordic Hydrology

Volumn 29, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 57-72

  Gbah, Messon B ^a   Murthy, Raj C ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^b ENVIRONMENT CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FLOW; LAKE; SHORELINE; THERMAL BAR; TIME SERIES ANALYSIS; TURBULENCE;

NORTH AMERICA, GREAT LAKES, LAKE ONTARIO;

EID: 0031801408     PISSN: 00291277     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2166/nh.1998.0004     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Blanton, J. O. (1975) Nearshore lake currents measured during upwelling and downwelling of the thermocline in Lake Ontario, J. Phys. Oceanogr., Vol. 5, pp. 111-124.
2. Blanton, J. O., and Murthy, C. R. (1974) Observation of the lateral shear in the nearshore zone of a Great Lake, J. Phys. Oceanogr., Vol. 4 (4), pp. 660-663.
3. Brand, Stephen B. (1993) The effect of Thermal fronts on Fish Growth: A Bioenergetics Evaluation of Food and Temperature, Estuaries, Vol. 16 (1) pp.142-159.
4. Csanady, G. T. (1972a) The Coastal boundary layer in Lake Ontario, 1, The spring regime, J. Phys. Oceanogr., Vol. 2, pp. 41-53.
5. Csanady, G. T. (1972b) The Coastal boundary layer in Lake Ontario, 2, The summer-fall regime, J. Phys. Oceanogr., Vol. 2, pp. 168-176.
6. Franks, Peter J. (1992) Phytoplankton Blooms at Fronts: Patterns, Scales, and Physical Forcing Mechanisms, Reviews in Aquatic Sciences, Vol. 6 (2), pp. 121-137.
7. Gbah, Messon B. (1994) A Model of the Thermal Bar Based on a Second Order Turbulence Closure Scheme, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
8. Graham, R. J. (1963) Determination and analysis of a numerical smoothing weights, NASA TR R-179, Marshall Space Flight Center, 28pp.
9. Haugen, D. A. (1966) Some Lagrangian properties of turbulence deduced from atmospheric diffusion experiments, J. Appl. Meteor., Vol. 5, pp. 646.
10. Hay, J. S., and Pasquill, F. (1959) Diffusion from a continuous source in relation to the spectrum and scale of turbulence, Advances in Geophysics, Vol. 6, Academic press, New York, pp. 345-365.
11. LeFevre, J. (1986) Aspects of the Biology of Frontal Systems, Advances in Marine Biology, Vol. 23, pp. 163-299.
12. Lumley, L., and Danofsky, H. A. (1964) The structure of atmospheric turbulence, Interscience Publ., New York, London, Sydney.
13. Malm J., Mironov, D., Terzhevik, A., and Jönsson, L. (1994) Investigation of the Spring Thermal Regime in Lake Ladoga Using Filed and Satellite Data, Limnology and Oceanography, Vol. 39 (6), pp. 1333-1348.
14. Moll, R. A., Bratkovich, A., Chang, W. Y. B., and Pu, P., (1993) Physical, Chemical, and Biological Conditions Associated with the Early Stages of the Lake Michigan Vernal Thermal Front, Estuaries, Vol. 16(1), pp. 92-103.
15. Murthy, C. R. and Blanton, J. O. (1975) Coastal zone climatological studies of the Laurentian reat Lakes, Proc. Second IWRA World Congress, Vol. V, pp. 431-448.
16. Murthy, C. R. and Dunbar, D. S., (1981) Structure of the Flow within the Coastal Boundary Layer of the Great Lakes, J. Phys. Oceanogr., Vol. 11 (11), pp. 1567-1577.
17. Okubo, A. (1968) Some remarks on the importance of the shear effect on horizontal diffusion, Journal of Oceanographical Society of Japan, Vol. 24 (2) pp. 6-69.
18. Rodgers, G. K. (1966) The Thermal Bar in Lake Ontario, Spring 1965 and Winter 1965-66. Pub. No. 15, Great Lakes Res. Division, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, pp. 369-374.
19. Schott, F., and Quadfasel, D. (1979) Lagrangian and Eulerian measurements of horizontal mixing in the Baltic. Tellus, Vol. 31, pp. 138-144.
20. Taylor, G. I. (1921) Diffusion by continuous movements, Proc. London Math. Soc., Vol. 20 (2), pp. 196-212.
21. Tikhomirov, A. I. (1963) The Thermal Bar of Lake Ladoga, Bull. (Izvestia) All-Union Geogr. Soc. Vol., 95, pp. 134-142, American Geophysical Union Trans., Soviet Hydro., Selected Paper No.2.
22. Tikhomirov, A. I. (1968) Temperature and Heat Contents of Lake Ladoga; In: Thermal Regime Of Lake Ladoga, S. V. Kalesnik (ed.), Leningrad University press, Leningrad, pp. 144-217.
23. Ziltinkevich, S. S., Kreiman, K. D., and Terzhevik, A. Y. (1992) The thermal bar, J. Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 236, pp. 27-42.