Receptors and their classification: Focus on angiotensin II and the AT2 receptor

Journal of Human Hypertension

Volumn 12, Issue 5, 1998, Pages 311-318

  Csikos T ^a   Chung, O ^a   Unger, Th ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KIEL   (Germany)

Author keywords

Angiotensin receptors; AT1 receptor; AT2 receptor

Indexed keywords

ANGIOTENSIN; ANGIOTENSIN 2 RECEPTOR;

CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL GROWTH; CONFERENCE PAPER; FETUS DEVELOPMENT; GROWTH INHIBITION; RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM; SODIUM RETENTION; VASOCONSTRICTION; WATER RETENTION;

EID: 0031800990     PISSN: 09509240     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1000639     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (101)

1. Campbell DJ. Circulating and tissue angiotensin systems. J Clin Invest 1987; 79(1): 1-6.
2. Dzau VJ. Circulating versus local renin-angiotensin system in cardiovascular homeostasis. Circulation 1988; 77(6 Pt 2): 14-113.
3. Unger Th et al. Brain angiotensin: pathways and pharmacology. Circulation 1988; 77 (Suppl I): 1-40.
4. Edling O et al. The renin angiotensin system (RAS): Physiology and pathophysiology. In: Schachter M (ed). ACE Inhibitors: Current use and future prospects. Martin Dunitz: London, 1995, pp 3-41.
5. Rakugi H et al. Induction of angiotensin converting enzyme in the neointima after vascular injury. Possible role in restenosis. J Clin Invest 1994; 93(1): 339-346.
6. Daemen MJ, Lombardi DM, Bosman FT, Schwarz SM. Angiotensin II induces smooth muscle cell proliferation in the normal and injured rat arterial wall. Circ Res 1991; 68(2): 450-456.
7. Falkenhahn M et al. Cellular distribution of angiotensin-converting enzyme after myocardial infarction. Hypertension 1995; 25(2): 219-226.
8. Dzau VJ. Cell biology and genetics of angiotensin in cardiovascular disease. J Hypertens 1994; 12 (Suppl 4): S3-S104.
9. Timmermans PBMWM et al. Angiotensin II receptors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Pharmacol Rev 1993; 45: 205-251.
10. de Gasparo M et al Biochemical characterization of two angiotensin II receptor subtypes in the rat. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1990; 16 (Suppl 4): S31-S35.
11. Inagami T, Guo DF, Kitami Y. Molecular biology of angiotensin II receptors: an overview. J Hypertens 1994; 12 (Suppl 10): S83-S94.
12. Dominiak P, Unger Th. AT-Rezeptorantagonisten Angiotensin II. 1997 by Dr. Dietrich Steinkopff Verlag, GmbH & Co. KG, Darmstadt ISBN 3-7985-1091-1.
13. Stoll M et al. Angiotensin II AT2 receptor mediates inhibition of cell proliferation in coronary endothelial cells. J Clin Invest 1995; 95: 651-657.
14. Meffert S et al. The angiotensin II AT2 receptor inhibits proliferation and promotes differentiation in PC12W cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1996; 122(1): 59-67.
15. Gallinat S et al. The angiotensin AT2 receptor down-regulates neurofilament M in PC12W cells. Neurosci Lett 1977; 227(1): 29-32.
16. Ji H, Sanberg K, Zhang Y, Catt KJ. Molecular cloning, sequencing and functional expression of an amphibian angiotensin II receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1993; 194: 756-762.
17. Bergsma DJ et al. Isolation and expression of a novel angiotensin II receptor from Xenopus laevis heart. Mol Pharmacol 1993; 44(2): 277-284.
18. Sasamura H et al. Cloning, characterization and expression of two angiotensin receptor (AT-1) isoforms from the mouse genome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992; 185(1): 253-259.
19. Iwai N et al. Rat angiotensin II receptor: cDNA sequence and regulation of the gene expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1991; 177: 299-304.
20. Iwai N, Inagami T. Identification of two subtypes in the rat type I angiotensin II receptor. FEBS Lett 1992; 298(2-3): 257-260.
21. Furata H. Nucleotide sequence of a gene encoding human angiotensin II type-1 receptor. Direct sequence submission to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. 7 November 1991.
22. Bergsma DJ et al. Cloning and characterization of a human angiotensin II type 1 receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992; 183: 989-995.
23. Kuroda SI et al. Novel subtype of human angiotensin II type 1 receptor: cDNA cloning and expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994; 199: 467-474.
24. Hahn AWA, Jonas U, Buehler FR, Resink TJ. Identification of a fourth angiotensin ATI receptor subtype in rat. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1993; 192: 1260-1265.
25. Takeuchi K et al. Molecular structure and transcriptional function of the rat vascular AT1A angiotensin receptor gene. Circ Res 1993; 73: 612-621.
26. Landford K, Frenzel K, Martin BM, Bernstein KE. The genomic organization of the rat AT1 antiotensin receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992; 183: 1025-1032.
27. Murasawa S, Matsubara H, Urakami M, Inada M. Regulatory elements that mediate expression of the gene for the angiotensin II type 1a receptor for the rat. J Biol Chem 1993; 268: 26996-27003.
28. Guo DF, Inagami T. The genomic organization of the rat angiotensin II receptor AT1b. Biochim Biophys Acta 1994; 1218: 91-94.
29. Guo DF, Furata H, Mizukoshi M, Inagami T. The genomic organization of human angiotensin II type 1 receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994; 200: 313-319.
30. Curnow KM et al. Alternatively spliced human type 1 angiotensin II receptor mRNAs are translated at different efficiencies and encode two receptor isoforms. Mol Endocrinol 1995; 9: 1250-1262.
31. Curnow KM. Human type-1 angiotensin II (AT1) receptor gene structure and function. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1996; 3 (Suppl): S67-S73.
32. Nakajima M et al. Cloning of cDNA and analysis of the gene for the mouse angiotensin II type 2 receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1993; 197(2): 393-399.
33. Ichiki T et al. Cloning of the cDNA and the genomic structure of the mouse angiotensin II type 2 receptor. Biochem Biophys Acta 1994; 1189: 247-250.
34. Mukoyama M et al. Expression cloning of type 2 angiotensin receptor reveals a unique class of seven-transmembrane receptors. J Biol Chem 1993; 268(33): 24539-24542.
35. Koike G et al. Cloning, characterization and genetic mapping of the rat type 2 angiotensin II receptor gene. Hypertension 1995; 26(6): 998-1002.
36. Tsuzuki S et al. Molecular cloning and expression of the gene encoding human angiotensin II type 2 receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994; 20(3): 1449-1454.
37. Martin MM, Su B, Elton TS. Molecular cloning of the human angiotensin II type 2 receptor cDNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994; 205(1): 645-651.
38. Hein L, Dzau VJ, Barsh GS. Linkage mapping of the angiotensin AT2 receptor gene (Agtr2) to the mouse X chromosome. Genomics 1995; 30(2): 369-371.
39. Lazard D et al. Molecular characterization and chromosome localization of a human angiotensin II AT2 receptor gene highly expressed in fetal tissues. Receptors Channels 1994; 2(4): 271-280.
40. Ichiki T, Inagami T. Expression, genomic organization, and transcription of the mouse angiotensin II type 2 receptor gene. Circ Res 1995; 76: 693-700.
41. Siemens IR, Reagan LP, Yee DK, Fluharty SJ. Biochemical characterization of two distinct angiotensin AT2 receptor populations in murine neuroblastoma N1E-115 cells. J Neurochem 1994; 62: 2106-2115.
42. Harding JW et al. AT4 receptors: specificity and distribution. Kidney Int 1994; 46(6): 1510-1512.
43. Hall KL et al. Characterization of a functional angiotensin IV receptor on coronary microvascular endothelial cells. Regul Pept 1995; 58(3): 107-115.
44. Wang L, Eberhard M, Erne P. Stimulation of DNA and RNA synthesis of cultured rabbit cardiac fibroblasts by angiotensin IV. Eur Heart J 1995; 16 (Suppl): 451 (abstract).
45. Roberts KA et al. Autoradiographic identification of brain angiotensin IV binding sites and differential c-fos expression following intracerebroventricular injection of angiotensin II and IV in rats. Brain Res 1995; 682: 13-21.
46. Neuss M, Regitz-Zagrosek V, Fleck E. Human cardiac fibroblasts express an angiotensin receptor with unusual binding characteristics. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994; 204: 1334-1339.
47. Ahmed A et al. Localization of the angiotensin II and its receptor subtype expression in human endo-metrium and identification of a novel high-affinity angiotensin II binding site. J Clin Invest 1995; 96: 848-857.
48. Steckelings UM et al. Angiotensin II stimulates proliferation of primary human keratinocytes via a non-AT1, non AT2 angiotensin receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996; 229(1): 329-333.
49. Eggena P, Zhu JH, Clegg K, Barrett JD. Nuclear angiotensin receptors induce transcription of renin and angiotensin mRNA. Hypertension 1993; 22: 496-501.
50. Smith RD. Identification of atypical (non-AT1, non-AT2) angiotensin binding sites with high affinity for angiotensin I on IEC-18 rat intestinal epithelial cells. FEBS Lett 1995; 373(3): 199-202.
51. Bouley R et al. Characterization of a specific binding site for angiotensin II in chicken liver. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1997; 75(6): 568-575.
52. Reed G, Moeller I, Mendelsohn FA, Small DH. A novel action of angiotensin peptides in inhibiting neurite outgrowth from isolated chick sympathetic neurons in culture. Neurosci Lett 1996; 210(3): 209-212.
53. Bergwitz C, Madoff S, Abou-Samra AB, Juppner H. Specific, high-affinity binding sites for angiotensin II on Mycoplasma hyorhinis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1991; 179(3): 1391-1399.
54. Saavedra JM, Timmermans PBMWM. Angiotensin II receptors. 1994, Plenum Press: New York. ISBN 0-306-44691-X.
55. Cockcroft S, Thomas GM. Inositol-lipid-specific phospholipase C isoenzymes and their differential regulation by receptors. Biochem J 1992; 288 (Pt 1): 1-14.
56. Marrero MB et al. Angiotensin II stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C-gamma 1 in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 1994; 269(14): 10935-10939.
57. Marrero MB et al. Ang II-induced tyrosine phosphorylation stimulates phospholipase C-gamma 1 and Cl-channels in mesangial cells. Am J Physiol 1996; 270 (6 Pt 1): C1834-C1842.
58. Ishida M et al. Angiotensin II activates pp60c-src in vascular smooth muscle cells. Circ Res 1995; 77(6): 1053-1059.
59. Bhat GJ et al. Angiotensin II stimulates sis-inducing factor-like DNA binding activity. Evidence that the AT1A receptor activates transcription factor-Stat91 and/or a related protein. J Biol Chem 1994; 269(50): 31443-31449.
60. Marrero MB et al. Direct stimulation of Jak/STAT pathway by the angiotensin II AT1 receptor. Nature 1995; 375(6528): 247-250.
61. Leaman DW, Leung S, Li X, Stark GR. Regulation of STAT-dependent pathways by growth factors and cytokines. FASEB J 1996; 10(14): 1578-1588.
62. Taubman MB et al. Angiotensin II induces c-fos mRNA in aortic smooth muscle. Role of Ca2+ mobilization and protein kinase C activation. J Biol Chem 1989; 264(1): 526-530.
63. Darnell JE Jr, Kerr IM, Stark GR. Jak-STAT pathways and transcriptional activation in response to IFNs and other extracellular signaling proteins. Science 1994; 264(5164): 1415-1421.
64. McWhiney CD et al. The type I angiotensin II receptor couples to Stat1 and Stat3 activation through Jak2 kinase in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1997; 29(9): 2513-2524.
65. Marrero MB et al. Role of Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription and mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades in angiotensin II- and platelet-derived growth factor-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. J Biol Chem 1997; 272(39): 24684-24690.
66. Ali MS et al. Dependence on the motif YIPP for the physical association of Jak2 kinase with the intracellular carboxyl tail of the angiotensin II AT1 receptor. J Biol Chem 1997; 272(37): 23382-23388.
67. Pan J et al. Role of angiotensin II in activation of the JAK/STAT pathway induced by acute pressure overload in the rat heart. Circ Res 1997; 81(4): 611-617.
68. Nahmias C, Strosberg AD. The angiotensin AT2 receptor: searching for signal-transduction pathways and physiological function. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1995; 16(7): 223-225.
69. Bottari SP et al. The angiotensin AT2 receptor stimulates protein tyrosine phosphatase activity and mediates inhibition of particulate guanylate cyclase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992; 183: 206-211.
70. Sumners C, Tang W, Zelezna B, Raizada MK. Angiotensin II receptor subtypes are coupled with distinct signal transduction mechanisms in neurons and astrocytes from rat brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88: 7567-7571.
71. Kambayashi Y et al. Molecular cloning of a novel angiotensin II receptor isoform involved in phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibition. J Biol Chem 1993; 268: 24543-24546.
72. Gohlke P, Pees C, Unger Th. AT2 receptor stimulation increases aortic cyclic GMP in SHRSP by a kinin dependent mechanism. Hypertension 1998; 31(1 Pt 2): 349-355.
73. Kang J, Posner P, Sumners C. Angiotension II type 2 receptor-modulated changes in potassium currents in cultured neurons. Am J Physiol 1993; 265: C607-C616.
74. Huang XC, Richards EM, Sumners C. Angiotensin type 2 receptor-mediated stimulation of protein phosphatase 2A in rat hypothalamic/brainstem neuronal cocultures. J Neurochem 1995; 65: 2131-2137.
75. Kang J, Richards EM, Posner P, Sumners C. Modulation of the delayed rectifier K+ current in neurons by an angiotensin II type 2 receptor fragment. Am J Physiol 1995; 268: C278-282.
76. Nahmias C, Cazaubon SM, Briend-Sutren MM, Lazard D, Villageois P, Strosberg AD. Angiotensin II AT2 receptors are functionally coupled to protein tyrosine dephosphorylation in N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells. Biochem J 1995; 306(Pt 1): 87-92.
77. Bedecs K et al. Angiotensin II type 2 receptors mediate inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade and functional activation of SHP-1 tyrosine phosphatase. Biochem J 1997; 325(Pt 2): 449-454.
78. Huang XC, Richards EM, Sumners C. Mitogen-activated protein kinases in rat brain neuronal cultures are activated by angiotensin II type 1 receptors and inhibited by angiotensin II type 2 receptors. J Biol Chem 1996; 271(26): 15635-15641.
79. Yamada T, Horiuchi M, Dzau VJ. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor mediates programmed cell death. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93(1): 156-160.
80. Steckelings UM et al. Repression of c-fos and c-jun gene expression is not part of AT2 receptor coupled signal transduction. J Mol Med 1998; 76: 202-267.
81. Metsärinne KP et al. Angiotensin II is antiproliferative for coronary endothelial cells in vitro. Pharm Pharmacol Lett 1992; 2: 150-152.
82. van Kesteren CAM et al. Angiotensin II-mediated growth and antigrowth effects in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1997; 29(8): 2147-2157.
83. Nakajima M et al. The angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor antagonizes the growth effects of the ATI receptor: gain-of-function study using gene transfer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995; 92(23): 10663-10667.
84. Stroth U, Meffert S, Gallinat S, Unger Th. Angiotensin II induced differentiation via AT2 receptor differs from NGF-dependent mechanisms. J Hypertens 1997; 15 (Suppl 4): S64.
85. Stroth U, Meffert S, Gallinat S, Unger Th. Angiotensin II and NGF differentially influence microtubule proteins in PC12W cells: role of the AT2 receptor. Mol Brain Res 1998; 53(1-2): 187-195.
86. Laflamme L et al. Angiotensin II induction of neurite outgrowth by AT2 receptors in NG108-15 cells. Effect counteracted by the ATI receptors. J Biol Chem 1996; 271(37): 22729-22735.
87. Fischer J, Stoll M, Unger Th. Thrombospondin mRNA expression is increased in endothelial cells following stimulation of AT2 receptors. J Vasc Res 1996; 33: (Suppl 1): 26.
88. Grady EF et al. Expression of AT2 receptors in the developing rat fetus. J Clin Invest 1991; 88(3): 921-933.
89. Viswanathan M, Saavedra JM. Expression of angiotensin II AT2 receptors in the rat skin during experimental wound healing. Peptides 1992; 13(4): 783-786.
90. Tsuzuki S, Eguchi S, Inagami T. Inhibition of cell proliferation and activation of protein tyrosine phosphatase mediated by angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor in R3T3 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996; 228(3): 825-830.
91. Dudley DT, Summerfelt RM. Regulated expression of angiotensin II (AT2) binding sites in R3T3 cells. Reg Pep 1993; 44: 199-206.
92. Dudley DT, Hubbell SE, Summerfelt RM. Characterization of angiotensin II (AT2) binding sites in R3T3 cells. Mol Pharmacol 1991; 40: 360-367.
93. Camp HS, Dudley DT. Modulation of angiotensin II receptor (AT2) mRNA levels in R3T3 cells. Receptor 1995; 5(2): 123-132.
94. Ichiki T, Kambayashi Y, Inagami T. Multiple growth factors modulate mRNA expression of angiotensin II type-2 receptor in R3T3 cells. Circ Res 1995; 77(6): 1070-1076.
95. Goto M et al. Growth-dependent induction of angiotensin II type 2 receptor in rat mesangial cells. Hypertension 1997; 30(3 Pt 1): 358-362.
96. Horiuchi M, Yamada T, Hayashida W, Dzau VJ. Interferon regulatory factor-1 up-regulates angiotensin II type 2 receptor and induces apoptosis. J Biol Chem 1997; 272(18): 11952-11958.
97. Tanaka M et al. Characterization of angiotensin II receptor type 2 during differentiation and apoptosis of rat ovarian cultured granulosa cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995; 207(2): 593-598.
98. Scheuer DA, Perrone MH. Angiotensin type 2 receptors mediate depressor phase of biphasic pressure response to angiotensin. Am J Physiol 1993; 33: R917-R923.
99. Munzenmaier DH, Green AS. Opposing actions of angiotensin II on microvascular growth and arterial blood pressure. Hypertension 1996; 27(2): 760-765.
100. Ichiki T et al. Effects on blood pressure and exploratory behaviour of mice lacking angiotensin II type-2 receptor. Nature 1995; 377: 748-750.
101. Hein L et al. Behavioural and cardiovascular effects of disrupting the angiotensin II type-2 receptor gene in mice. Nature 1995; 377: 744-747.