A new technique for determining the sublethal toxicity of pesticides to the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

Volumn 17, Issue 7, 1998, Pages 1421-1428

  Wan, Michael T ^a   Rahe, James E ^b   Watts, Ronald G ^a  

^a ENVIRONMENT CANADA   (Canada)

^b SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Bioassay; Mycorrhizal indicator species; Pesticide toxicity

Indexed keywords

ACETONE; BENOMYL; CHLOROTHALONIL; COPPER SULFATE; DIMETHOATE; GLYPHOSATE; METHANOL; METHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID;

BIOASSAY; PESTICIDE; SUBLETHAL EFFECT; TOXICITY TEST; VESICULAR ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE;

ARTICLE; CONCENTRATION RESPONSE; FUNGUS GROWTH; GROWTH INHIBITION; LETHAL DOSE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TOXICITY TESTING;

ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE; DAUCUS CAROTA; FUNGI; GLOMUS INTRARADICES; MYCORRHIZAE;

EID: 0031800288     PISSN: 07307268     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1897/1551-5028(1998)017<1421:ANTFDT>2.3.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Environment Canada. 1996. Ecological risk assessments of priority substances under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act. Resource Document. Ottawa, ON.
2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1996. Proposed guidelines for ecological risk assessment. Fed Reg 61:47552-47631.
3. Landis WG, Yu MH. 1995. Introduction to Environmental Toxicology-Impact Of Chemicals upon Ecological Systems. CRC, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
4. American Society for Testing and Materials. 1993. Standard guide for conducting a terrestrial soil-core microcosm test. E 1197-87. In Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Philadelphia, PA, pp 902- 914.
5. Trappe JM, Molina R, Castellano M. 1984. Reactions of mycorrhizal fungi and mycorrhiza formation to pesticides. Ann Rev Phytopathol 22:331-359.
6. Lyne TB, Bickham JW, Lamb T, Gibbos JW. 1992. The application of bioassays in risk assessment of environmental pollution. Risk Anal 12:361-365.
7. Mosse B, Stribley DP, Tacon Le. 1981. Ecology of mycorrhizae and mycorrhizal fungi. In Alexander M, ed, Advances in Microbial Ecology, Plenum, New York, NY, USA, pp 137-209.
8. Allen MF. 1991. The Ecology of Mycorrhizae. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, USA.
9. Nemec S, Tucker D. 1983. Effects of herbicides on endomycorrhizal fungi in Florida citrus (Citrus spp.) soils. Weed Sci 31:427-431.
10. Jabaji-Hare SH, Kendrick WB. 1987. Response of an endomycorrhizal fungus in Allium porrum L. to different concentrations of the systemic fungicides, metalaxyl (Ridomil®) and fosetyl-Al (Aliette®). Soil Biol Biochem 19:95-99.
11. Perrin R, Plenchette C. 1993. Effect of some fungicides applied as soil drenches on the mycorrhizal infectivity of two cultivated soils and their receptiveness to Glomus intraradice. Crop Prot 12:127-133.
12. Spokes JR, MacDonald David RM, Hayman S. 1981. Effects of plant protection chemicals on vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizas. Pestic Sci 12:346-350.
13. Habte M, Aziz T, Yuen YE. 1992. Residual toxicity of soil applied chlorothalonil on mycorrhizal symbiosis Leucaena leucocephala. Plant Soil 140:263-268.
14. National Agricultural Library. 1975-1997. AGRICOLA Database. Beltsville, MD, USA.
15. BIOSIS. 1980-1997. BIOSIS® Database. Philadelphia, PA, USA.
16. CAB International. 1980-1997. CAB ABSTRACTS Database. Farnham, Slough, UK.
17. Chemical Abstract Service. 1980-1997. CA Search Database. Columbus, OH, USA.
18. National Agricultural Library. 1985-1997. CRIS/USDA Database. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD.
19. Becard G, Fortin JA. 1988. Early events of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza formation on Ri T-DNA transformed roots. New Phytol 108:211-218.
20. Casarett L, Doull J. 1986. Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons. Macmillan, New York, NY, USA.
21. Rand GM, Wells PG, McCarty LS. 1995. Introduction to aquatic toxicology. In Rand GM, ed, Fundamentals of Aquatic Toxicology: Effects, Environmental Fate, and Risk Assessment. Taylor & Francis, London, UK, pp 1-70.
22. Wan MT, Rahe JE. 1997. Validation of growth characteristics of Glomus intraradices and Ri T-DNA transformed Daucus carota roots cultured in the minimal medium system for pesticide toxicity bioassays. Regional Program Report 97-31. Environment Canada, North Vancouver, BC.
23. Wan MT, Rahe JE, Wong C. 1997. Persistence of azadirachtin-A in two biological systems used for culturing mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices. J. Environ Sci Health B 32:929-953.
24. SAS Institute. 1996. JMP start statistics. In Sail J, Lehman A, eds, User Guide To Statistics And Data Analysis Using JMP and JMP IN® Software. Duxbury Press, Belmont, CA, USA, pp 391- 393.
25. Norberg-King TJ. 1993. A linear interpolation method for sublethal toxicity: The inhibition concentration (lcp) approach (Version 2.0). National Toxicity Assessment Center. Technical Report 03-93. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN.
26. Giovannetti M, Mosse B. 1980. An evaluation of techniques for measuring vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in roots. New Phytol 84:489-500.
27. Dalpe Y. 1993. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza. In Carter MR, ed, Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis. Lewis, London, UK, pp 287-301.
28. Tomlin C. 1996. The Pesticide Manual. Crop Protection Publications. Bath Press, Bath, UK.
29. Stephan CE. 1977. Methods for calculating an LC50. In Mayer FL, Hamelink JL, eds, Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Evaluation. STP 634. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, pp 65-84.
30. Newman MC. 1995. Quantitative Methods in Aquatic Toxicology. Lewis, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
31. Slob W. 1996. A comparison of two statistical appraoches to estimate long-term exposure distributions from short-term measurements. Risk Anal 16:195-200.
32. Moore DRJ, Caux PY. 1997. Estimating low toxic effects. Environ Toxicol Chem 16:794-801.
33. Hoeckstra JA, Van Ewijk PH. 1993. Alternatives for the no-observed-effect level. Environ Toxicol Chem 12:187-194.
34. Chapman PM, Caldwell RS, Chapman PF. 1996. A warning: NOECs are inappropriate for regulatory use. Environ Toxicol Chem 15:77-79.
35. Suter GW. 1996. Abuse of hypothesis testing statistics in ecological risk assessment. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 2:331-347.
36. Hattis D, Burmaster DE. 1994. Assessment of variability and uncertainty distributions for practical risk analyses. Risk Anal 14:713-730.
37. Huffman FO, Hammond JS. 1994. Propagation of uncertainty in risk assessments: The need to distinguish between uncertainty due to lack of knowledge and uncertainty due to variability. Risk Anal 14:707-712.
38. Bollen GJ, Fuchs A. 1970. On the specificity of the in vitro and in vivo activity of benomyl. Neth J Plant Pathol 76:299-312.
39. Lyr H. 1995. Modern Selective Fungicides: Properties, Applications, Mechanisms of Action. Springer-Verlag. New York, NY, USA.