Multiple variables explain the variability in the decrement in V̇O(2max) during acute hypobaric hypoxia

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

Volumn 30, Issue 6, 1998, Pages 869-879

  Robergs, Robert Andrew ^a   Quintana, Roberto ^b   Parker, Daryl Lee ^b   Frankel, Christopher Chaim ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Altitude; Hypoxemia; Oxygen diffusion; Oxygen transport

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; HYPOBARISM; HYPOXEMIA; HYPOXIA; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; OXYGEN DIFFUSION; OXYGEN SATURATION; OXYGEN TRANSPORT; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SEX DIFFERENCE; SKELETAL MUSCLE;

ADULT; ALTITUDE; ANOXIA; ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT; DIFFUSION; EXERCISE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; OXYGEN; SEX FACTORS;

EID: 0031799802     PISSN: 01959131     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00005768-199806000-00015     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. ANDERSEN, H. T., E. B. SMELAND, J. O. OWE, and K. MYRE. Analyses of maximum cardiopulmonary performance during exposure to acute hypoxia at simulated altitude-sea level to 5000 meters (760-404 mm Hg). Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 56:1192-1197, 1985.
2. ASTRAND, P. O., and I. ASTRAND. Heart rate during muscular work in man exposed to hypoxia. J. Appl. Physiol. 13:75-80, 1958.
3. BALKE, B., F. J. NAGLE, and J. DANIELS. Altitude and maximum performance in work and sports activity. JAMA 194:646-649, 1965.
4. BEAVER, W. L., K. WASSERMAN, and B. J. WHIPP. Improved detection of lactate threshold during exercise using a log-log transformation. J. Appl. Physiol. 59:1936-1940, 1985.
5. BLAND, J. M., and D. G. ALTMAN. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet February 8:307-310, 1986.
6. BROWN, W. J., M. B. BROWN, L. ENGELMAN, and R. I. JENNRICH. BMDP Statistical Software Manual, Vol. 1a, 1, and 2. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990, pp. 1-1354.
7. BUSKIRK, E. R., J. KOLLIAS, R. F. AKERS, E. K. PROLOP, and E. P. REATEGUI. Maximal performance at altitude and on return from altitude in conditioned runners. J. Appl. Physiol. 23:259-266, 1967.
8. CONSOLAZIO, C. F., L. O. MATOUSH, and R. A. NELSON. Energy metabolism in maximum and submaximum performance at high altitudes. Fed. Proc. 25:1380-1385, 1966.
9. CYMERMAN, A., J. T. REEVES, J. R. SUTTON, P. B. ROCK, B. M. GROVES, M. K. MALCONIAN, P. M. YOUNG, P. D. WAGNER, and C. S. HOUSTON. Operation Everest II: maximal oxygen uptake at extreme altitude. J. Appl. Physiol. 66:2446-2453, 1989.
10. DILL, D. B., and W. C. ADAMS. Maximal oxygen uptake at sea level and at 3,090-m altitude in high school champion runners. J. Appl. Physiol. 30:854-859, 1971.
11. DILL, D. B., and D. L. COSTILL. Calculation of percentage changes in volumes of blood, plasma, and red cells in dehydration. J. Appl. Physiol. 37:247-248, 1974.
12. ELLIOT, P. R., and H. A. ATTERBOM. Comparison of exercise responses of males and females during acute exposure to hypobaria. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 49:415-418, 1978.
13. FERRETTI, G., C. MOIA, J. M. THOMET, and B. KAYSER. The decrease of maximal oxygen consumption during hypoxia in man: a mirror image of the oxygen equilibrium curve. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 498: 231-237, 1997.
14. GORE, C. J., S. C. LITTLE, A. G. HAHN, G. C. SCROOP, D. B. WATSON, K. I. NORTON, R. J. WOOD, D. P. CAMPBELL, and D. L. EMONSON. Increased arterial desaturation in trained cyclists during maximal exercise at 580 m altitude. J. Appl. Phvsiol. 80:2204-2210, 1996.
15. GORE, C. J., A. G. HAHN, G. C. SCROOP, K. I. NORTON, P. C. BOURDON, S. M. WOOLFORD, J. D. BUCKLEY, T. SANEF, D. P. CAMPBELL, D. B. WATSON, and D. L. EMONSON. Reduced performance of male and female athletes at 580 m altitude. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol 75:136-143, 1997.
16. GREEN, H. J., J. R. SUTTON, A. CYMERMAN, P. M. YOUNG, and C. S. HOUSTON. Operation Everest II: adaptations in human skeletal muscle. J. Appl. Physiol. 66:2454-2461, 1989.
17. GREEN, H. J., J. R. SUTTON, E. E. WOLFEL, J. T. REEVES, G. E. BUTTERFIELD, and G. A. BROOKS. Altitude acclimitization and energy metabolic adaptations in skeletal muscle during exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 73:2701-2708, 1992.
18. GREEN, H. J., R. HELYAR, M. BALL-BURNETT, N. KOWALCHUK, S. SYMON, and B. FARRANCE. Metabolic adaptations to training precede changes in muscle mitochondrial capacity. J. Appl. Physiol. 72:484-491, 1992.
19. GREEN, H. J., S. JONES, M. BALL-BURNETT, B. FARRANCE, and R. RANNEY. Adaptations in muscle metabolism to prolonged voluntary exercise training. J. Appl. Physiol. 78:138-145, 1995.
20. HANNHART, B., J. P. HABERER, C. SAUNIER, and M. C. LAXENAIRE. Accuracy and precision of fourteen pulse oximeters. Eur. Respir. J. 4:115-119, 1991.
21. HOWLEY, E. T., D. R. BASSETT, and H. G. WELCH. Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake: review and commentary. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 27:1292-1301, 1995.
22. JACKSON, A. S., and M. L. POLLOCK. Generalized equations for predicting body density of men. Br. J. Nutr. 4:497-504, 1978.
23. JACKSON, A. S., M. L. POLLACK, and A. WARD. Generalized equations for predicting body density of women. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 12:175-182, 1980.
24. KEPPEL, G. Design and Analysis: A Researchers Handbook. London: Prentice Hall, 155-160, 1983.
25. KLAUSEN, K., D. B. DILL, and S. M. HORVATH. Exercise at ambient and high oxygen pressure at high altitude and at sea level. J. Appl. Physiol. 24:336-347, 1970.
26. KOISTINEN, P., T. TAKALA, V. MARTIKKALA, and J. LEPPALUOTO. Aerobic fitness influences the response of maximal oxygen uptake and lactate threshold in acute hypobaric hypoxia. Int. J. Sports Med. 26:78-81, 1995.
27. 2max decrement during exposure to acute hypoxia. J. Appl. Physiol. 64:1486-1492, 1988.
28. LOHMAN, T. G. Applicability of body composition techniques and constants for children and youth. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. 14:325-357, 1986.
29. LOWRY, O. H., and J. V. PASSONNEAU. A Flexible System of Enzymatic Analysis. New York: Academic Press, 1976, 199-200.
30. MARESH, C. M., B. J. NOBLE, K. L. ROBERTSON, and W. E. SIME. Maximal exercise during hypobaric hypoxia (447 Torr) in moderate-altitude natives. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 15:360-365, 1983.
31. 2max of trained and untrained subjects. J. Sports Sci. 11:37-42, 1993.
32. NORTON, L. H., B. SQUIRES, N. P. CRAIG, G. MCLEARY, P. MCGRATH, and K. I. NORTON. Accuracy of pulse oximetry during exercise stress testing. Int. J. Sports Med. 13:523-527, 1992.
33. PATERSON, D. J., H. PINNINGTON, A. R. PEARCE, and A. L. MORTON. Maximal exercise cardiorespiratory responses of men and women during acute exposure to hypoxia. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 58:243-247, 1987.
34. PEDHAZUR, E. J. Multiple Regression in Behavioral Research, 3rd Ed. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace. 1997, pp. 170-174.
35. PUGH, L. G. C. E., M. B. GILL, S. LAHIRIM, J. S. MILLDEGE, M. P. WARD, and J. B. WEST. Muscular exercise at great altitudes. J. Appl. Physiol. 19:431-440, 1964.
36. REEVES, J. T., B. M. GROVES, J. R. SUTTON, P. D. WAGNER, A. CYMERMAN, M. K. MALCONIAN, P. B. BROCK, P. M. YOUNG, and C. S. HOUSTON. Operation Everest II: preservation of cardiac function at extreme altitude. J. Appl. Physiol. 63:531-539, 1987.
37. 2 during single leg knee-extensor exercise in humans. Am. J. Physiol. 268:H1453-H1461, 1995.
38. ROBERGS, R. A., and S. ROBERTS. Exercise Physiology: Sports, Performance and Clinical Applications. St. Louis: Mosby Year-Book, 1997, pp. 647-649.
39. 2max in normal humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 67:291-299, 1989.
40. SALTIN, B., R. F. GROVER, C. G. BLOMQVIST, L. H. HARLEY, and R. L. JOHNSON, JR. Maximal oxygen uptake and cardiac output after 2 weeks at 4,300 m. J. Appl. Physiol. 45:400-409, 1968.
41. SCHOENE, R. B., R. C. ROACH, P. H. HACKETT, J. R. SUTTON, A. CYMERMAN, and C. S. HOUSTON. Operation Everest II: ventilatory adaptation during gradual decompression to extreme altitude. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 22:804-810, 1990.
42. SHEPHARD, R. J., E. BOUHLEL, H. VANDEWALLE, and H. MONOD. Muscle mass as a factor limiting physical work. J. Appl. Physiol. 64:1472-1479, 1988.
43. SHEPHARD, R. J., E. BOUHLEL, H. VANDEWALLE, and H. MONOD. Peak oxygen intake and hypoxia: influence of physical fitness. Int. J. Sports Med. 9:279-283, 1988.
44. SIRI, W. E. Body composition from fluid spaces and density: analysis of methods. In Techniques for Measuring Body Composition. J. Brozek and A. Henschel (Eds.). Washington DC: National Academy of Sciences, 223-224, 1961.
45. SQUIRES, R. W., and E. R. BUSKIRK. Aerobic capacity during acute exposure to simulated altitude, 914-2,286 meters. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 14:36-40, 1982.
46. SUTTON, J. R., J. T. REEVES, P. D. WAGNER, B. M. GROVES, A. CYMERMAN, M. K. MALCONIAN, P. B. BROCK, P. M. YOUNG, S. D. WALTER, and C. S. HOUSTON. Operation Everest II: oxygen transport during exercise at extreme simulated altitude. J. Appl. Physiol. 64:1309-1321, 1988.
47. TERRADOS, N., M. MIZUNO, and H. ANDERSON. Reduction in maximal oxygen uptake at low altitudes: role of training status and lung function. Clin. Physiol. 5(Suppl. 3):75-79, 1985.
48. 2 dependent control of metabolism. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 27:47-53, 1995.
49. 2max at sea level and altitude. Respir. Physiol. 106:329-343, 1996.
50. YOUNG, A. J., A. CYMERMAN, and R. L. BURSE. The influence of cardiorespiratory fitness on the decrement in maximal aerobic power at high altitude. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 54:12-15, 1985.
51. YOUNG, P. M., J. R. SUTTON, H. J. GREEN, J. T. REEVES, P. B. ROCK, C. S. HOUSTON, and A. CYMERMAN. Operation Everest II: metabolic and hormonal responses to incremental exercise to exhaustion. J. Appl. Physiol. 73:2574-2579, 1992.