Comparative analysis of calcium-binding protein-immunoreactive neuronal populations in the auditory and visual systems of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and the macaque monkey (Macaca fascicularis)

Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy

Volumn 15, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 203-237

  Glezer, Ilya I ^a   Hof, Patrick R ^b   Morgane, Peter J ^c,d  

^a CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

^b MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NEW ENGLAND   (United States)

^d BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Calbindin; Calcium binding proteins; Calretinin; Cetacea; GABAergic neurons; Immunocytochemistry; Inferior colliculus; Lateral geniculate nucleus; Medial geniculate nucleus; Parvalbumin; Primary auditory cortex; Primary visual cortex; Primates; Superior colliculus; Whales

Indexed keywords

CALBINDIN; CALCIUM BINDING PROTEIN; CALRETININ; PARVALBUMIN;

ANIMAL TISSUE; AUDITORY NERVOUS SYSTEM; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOLPHIN; FEMALE; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; MACACA; MALE; MORPHOMETRICS; NERVE CELL; NONHUMAN; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; REVIEW; VISUAL NERVOUS SYSTEM;

EID: 0031788695     PISSN: 08910618     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0891-0618(98)00022-2     Document Type: Article

References (141)

1. Aitkin L.M. The auditory midbrain. Trends Neurosci. 2:1979;308-310.
2. Alheid G.F., Heimer L., Switzer R.C. Basal ganglia. Paxinos G. The Human Nervous System. 1990;483-583 Academic Press, San Diego.
3. Andressen C., Blümke I., Celio M.R. Calcium-binding proteins: Selective markers of nerve neurons. Cell Tissue Res. 271:1993;181-208.
4. Anstrom K.K., McHaffie J.G., Stein B.E. Distribution of parvalbumin and calbindin-D 28k in the superior colliculus (SC) of newborn and adult cats and monkeys. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 23:1997;1541.
5. Banfro F., Mize R. Calbindin antibody label specific cell classes in the cat lateral geniculate nucleus. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 17:1991;628.
6. Bennet-Clarke C.A., Chiaia N.L., Jacquin M.F., Rhoades R.W. Parvalbumin and calbindin immunocytochemistry reveal functionally distinct cell groups and vibrissa-related patterns in the trigeminal brainstem complex of the adult rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 320:1992;323-338.
7. Blinkov, S.M., Glezer I.I., 1964. The Human Brain in Tables and Numbers. Medicina, Moscow, Russia.
8. Blümke I., Hof P.R., Morrison J.H., Celio M.R. The distribution of parvalbumin in the visual cortex of old world monkeys and humans. J. Comp. Neurol. 301:1990;417-432.
9. Blümke I., Hof P.R., Morrison J.H., Celio M.R. Parvalbumin in the monkey striate cortex: A quantitative immunoelectron-microscopy study. Brain Res. 554:1991;237-243.
10. Blümke I., Weruaga E., Kaas S., Hendrickson A.E., Celio M.R. Discrete reduction patterns of parvalbumin and calbindin D-28k immunoreactivity in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and the striate cortex of adult macaque monkeys after monocular enucleation. Vis. Neurosci. 11:1994;1-11.
11. Celio M.R. Parvalbumin in most γ-aminobutyric acid-containing neurons of the rat cerebral cortex. Science. 231:1986;995-997.
12. Celio M.R. Calbindin D-28k and parvalbumin in the rat nervous system. Neuroscience. 35:1990;375-382.
13. Colombo M., D'Amato M.R. A comparison of visual and auditory short-term memory in monkeys (Cebus apella). Q. J. Exp. Psychol. 38B:1986;425-448.
14. Deacon T. W. Confusing size-correlated differences with phylogenetic 'progression' in brain evolution. Behav. Brain Sci. 13:1990;185-190.
15. Deacon T.W. Rethinking mammalian brain evolution. Am. Zool. 30:1990;629-705.
16. DeFelipe J., Jones E.G. Vertical organization of γ-aminobutyric acid-accumulating intrinsic neuronal systems in monkey cerebral cortex. J. Neurosci. 5:1985;3246-3260.
17. DeFelipe J., Hendry S.H.C., Jones E.G. Visualization of chandelier cell axons by parvalbumin immunoreactivity in monkey cerebral cortex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 86:1989;2093-2097.
18. Del Rio M.R., DeFelipe J. Colocalization of calbindin D-28k, calretinin and GABA immunoreactivities in neurons of the human temporal cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 369:1996;472-482.
19. Del Rio M.R., DeFelipe J. Synaptic connections of calretinin-immunoreactive neurons in the human neocortex. J. Neurosci. 17:1997;5143-5154.
20. Demeulemeester H., Arckens L., Vandesande F., Orban G.A., Heizmann C.W., Pochet P. Calcium binding proteins and neuropeptides as molecular markers of GABAergic neurons in the cat visual cortex. Exp. Brain Res. 84:1991;538-544.
21. Enderlin S., Norman A.W., Celio M.R. Ontogeny of the calcium-binding protein calbindin D-28k in the rat nervous system. Anat. Embryol. 177:1987;15-28.
22. Fobes J.L., King J.E Vision: The dominant primate modality. Fobes J.L, King J.E. Primate Behavior. 1982;219-243 Academic Press, New York.
23. Garey L., Leuba G. A quantitative study of neuronal and glial numerical density in the visual cortex of the bottlenose dolphin: Evidence for a specialized subarea and changes with age. J. Comp. Neurol. 247:1986;491-496.
24. Garey L.J., Revishchin A.V. Localization of the thalamic neurons innervating visual cortex of the lateral gyrus in porpoise. Proc. Acad. Sci. USSR. 305:1989;1482-1486.
25. Garey L.J., Revishchin A.V. Structure and thalamo-cortical relations of the cetacean sensory cortex: Histological, tracer and immunocytochemical studies. Thomas J.A., Kastelein R.A. Sensory Abilities of Cetaceans. Laboratory and Field Evidence. 1990;19-31 Plenum, New York.
26. Garey L.J., Winkelman E., Brauer K. Golgi and Nissl studies of the visual cortex of the bottlenose dolphin. J. Comp. Neurol. 40:1985;305-321.
27. Geniec P., Morest D.K. The neuronal architecture of the human posterior colliculus. A study with the Golgi method. Acta Oto-Laryngol. Suppl. 295:1971;1-33.
28. Gingerich P.D., Smith B.H., Simons E.L. Hind limbs of Eocene Basilosaurus: Evidence of feet in whales. Science. 249:1990;154-156.
29. Glezer I.I., Morgane P.J. Ultrastructure of synapses and Golgi analysis of neurons in the neocortex of the lateral gyrus (visual cortex) of the dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) and the pilot whale (Globicephala melaena). Brain Res. Bull. 24:1990;401-427.
30. Glezer I.I., Jacobs M.S., Morgane P.J. The 'initial' brain concept and its implications for brain evolution in Cetacea. Behav. Brain Sci. 11:1988;75-116.
31. Glezer I.I., Morgane P.J., Leranth C. Immunocytochemistry of neurotransmitters in visual neocortex of several toothed whales, light and electron microscopic study. Thomas J.A., Kastelein R.A. Sensory Abilities of Cetaceans. Laboratory and Field Evidence. 1990;39-67 Plenum, New York.
32. Glezer I.I., Hof P.R., Morgane P.J. Calretinin-immunoreactive neurons in primary visual cortex of dolphin and human brains. Brain Res. 595:1992;181-188.
33. Glezer I.I., Hof P.R., Leranth C., Morgane P.J. Calcium-binding protein-containing neuronal populations in mammalian visual cortex: A comparative study in whales, insectivorous, bats, rodents, and primates. Cereb. Cortex. 3:1993;249-272.
34. Glezer I.I., Hof P.R., Leranth C., Morgane P.J. Morphological and histochemical features of odontocete visual neocortex: immunocytochemical analysis of pyramidal and non-pyramidal populations of neurons. Thomas J.A., Kastelein R.A., Supin A.Ya Marine Mammals Sensory Systems. 1993;1-38 Plenum Press, New York.
35. Glezer I.I., Hof P.R., Istomin V.V., Morgane P.J. Comparative immunocytochemistry of calcium-binding protein-immunoreactive neurons in visual and auditory systems of cetacean and primate brains. Kastelein R.A., Thomas J.A, Nachtigall P.E. Sensory Systems of Aquatic Mammals. 1995;477-513 De Spil Publishers, Woerden, Netherlands.
36. Glezer I.I., Hof P.R., Ackerman A.I., Tsai F., Morgane P.J. Immunohistochemistry and cytoarchitectonics of the hippocampal formation in whales: Comparative analyses. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 21:1995;429.
37. Glezer I.I., Morgane P.J., Andrews J., Chang J., Ioannou J., Iype J., Joseph D., Jung G., Kouloris M., Parhar P., Vavasis C. Three calcium-binding proteins in primary motor and visual cortices of cetacean and primate brains: comparative immunocytochemical analysis. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 23:1997;1272.
38. Godfrey L.R., Sutherland M.R. Paradox of peromorphic paedomorphosis: Heterochrony and human evolution. Am. J. Anthropol. 99:1996;17-42.
39. Goldman P.S., Nauta W.J.H. An intricately patterned prefrontocaudate projection in the rhesus monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 171:1977;369-386.
40. Gonchar Y., Burkhalter A. Three distinct families of GABAergic neurons in rat visual cortex. Cereb. Cortex. 7:1997;347-358.
41. Gould S.J. Ontogeny and Phylogeny. 1977;Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
42. Graybiel A.M. Compartmental organization of the mammalian striatum. Prog. Brain Res. 58:1983;247-256.
43. Hashikawa T., Rausell E., Molinari M., Jones E.G. Parvalbumin and calbindin-containing neurons in the monkey medial geniculate complex, differential distribution and cortical layer specific projections. Brain Res. 544:1991;335-341.
44. Hashikawa T., Molinari M., Rausell E., Jones E.G. Patchy and laminar terminations of medial geniculate axons in monkey auditory cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 362:1995;195-208.
45. Hendrickson A.E., Van Brederode J.F.M., Mulligan K.A., Celio M.R. Development of calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin and calbindin in monkey striate cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 307:1991;626-646.
46. Hendry S.H.C., Jones E.G. Sizes and distribution of intrinsic neurons incorporating tritiated GABA in monkey sensory motor cortex. J. Neurosci. 1:1981;390-408.
47. Hendry S.H.C., Jones E.G. GABA neuronal subpopulations in cat primary auditory cortex: co-localization with calcium-binding proteins. Brain Res. 543:1991;45-55.
48. Hendry S.H.C., Schwark H.D., Jones E.G., Yan J. Number and proportions of GABA-immunoreactive neurons in different areas of monkey cerebral cortex. J. Neurosci. 7:1987;1503-1519.
49. Hendry S.H.C., Jones E.G., Emson P.C., Lowson D.E.M., Heizmann C.W., Streit P. Two classes of cortical GABA neurons defined by differential calcium binding protein reactivities. Exp. Brain Res. 76:1989;467-472.
50. Herman L. Cognitive performance of dolphins in visually-guided tasks. Thomas J.A., Kastelein R.A. Sensory Abilities of Cetaceans. Laboratory and Field Evidence. 1990;455-463 Plenum, New York.
51. Hof P.R., Morrison J.H. Neocortical neuronal subpopulations labeled by a monoclonal antibody to calbindin exhibit differential vulnerability in Alzheimer's disease. Exp. Neurol. 111:1991;293-301.
52. Hof P.R., Nimchinsky E.A. Regional distribution of neurofilament and calcium-binding proteins in the cingulate cortex of the macaque monkey. Cereb. Cortex. 2:1992;456-467.
53. Hof P.R., Glezer I.I., Archin N., Janssen W.G., Morgane P.J., Morrison J.H. The primary auditory cortex in cetacean and human brain, a comparative analysis of neurofilament protein-containing pyramidal neurons. Neurosci. Lett. 146:1992;91-95.
54. Hof P.R., Lüth H.J., Rogers J.H., Celio M.R. Calcium-binding proteins define subpopulations on interneurons in cingulate cortex. Vogt B.A., Gabriel M. Neurobiology of Cingulate Cortex and Limbic Thalmus. 1993;181-205 Birkäuser, Boston.
55. Hof P.R., Nimchinsky E.A., Morrison J.H. Neurochemical phenotype of corticocortical connections in the macaque monkey: Quantitative analysis of a subset of neurofolament protein-immunoreactive projection neurons in frontal, parietal, temporal and cingulate cortices. J. Comp. Neurol. 3620:1995;109-133.
56. Hof P.R., Rosenthal R.E., Fiskum G. Distribution of neurofilament protein and calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin, calbindin, and calretinin in the canine hippocampus. J. Chem. Neuroanat. 11:1996;1-12.
57. Hof P.R., Bogaert Y.E., Rosenthal R.E., Fiskum G. Distribution of neuronal populations containing neurofilament protein and calcium-binding proteins in the canine neocortex: Regional analysis and cell typology. J. Chem. Neuroanat. 11:1996;81-98.
58. Hubel D.H., Wiesel T.N. Functional architecture of monkey visual cortex. Proc. R. Soc. Ser. B Lond. 198:1977;1-59.
59. Innocenti G.M. On evolution by loss of exuberance. Behav. Brain Sci. 7:1984;340-341.
60. Jacobowitz D.M., Isaacs K.R., Cimini V. Triple colocalization of tyrosine hydroxylase, calretinin and calbindin. Adv. Pharmacol. 42:1998;37-40.
61. Johnson J.I., Switzer R.C., Kirsch J.A.W. Phylogeny through brain traits: The distribution of categorizing characters in contemporary mammals. Brain Behav. Evol. 20:1982;97-117.
62. Jones E.G. Neurotransmitters in the cerebral cortex. J. Neurosurg. 65:1986;135-153.
63. Jones E.G., Dell' Anna M.E., Molinari M., Rausell E, Hashikawa T. Subdivisions of macaque monkey auditory cortex revealed by calcium-binding protein immunoreactivity. J. Comp. Neurol. 362:1995;153-170.
64. Kawaguchi Y. Groupings of nonpyrimidal cells with specific physiological and morphological characteristics in rat frontal cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 69:1993;416-431.
65. Kawaguchi Y., Kubota Y. GABAergic cells subtypes and their synaptic connections in rat frontal cortex. Cereb. Cortex. 7:1997;476-486.
66. Kellog R. The history of whales: Their adaptation to life in the water. Quart. Rev. Biol. 3:1928;174-208.
67. Kesarev V.S. Homology problems in the cerebral cortex of cetaceans. Arkh. Anat. Gistol. Embriol. 68:1975;5-13.
68. Kesarev V.S., Malofeyeva L.I., Trykova O.V. Ecological specificity of cetacean neocortex. J. Hirnforsch. 18:1977;460-477.
69. Kesarev V.S., Malofeyeva L.I., Trykova O.V. Structural organization of the cerebral cortex in cetaceans. Arkh. Anat. Gistol. Embriol. 73:1977;23-30.
70. Kirsch J.W., Johnson J.I. Phylogeny through brain traits: Trees generated by neural characters. Brain Behav. Evol. 22:1983;60-68.
71. Kosaka T., Heizmann C.W., Tateishi K., Hamaoka Y., Hama K. An aspect of the organizational principle of γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic system in the cerebral cortex. Brain Res. 409:1987;403-408.
72. Kruger L. The thalamus of the dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in comparison with other mammals. J. Comp. Neurol. 111:1959;133-194.
73. Larsson L.I. Antibody specificity in immunochemistry. Cuello A.E. Immunochemistry II. 1993;79-106 Wiley, Chichester.
74. Leranth C., Feher E. Synaptology and sources of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and substance P (SP) containing axons of the cat coeliac ganglion. An experimental electron microscopic immunohistochemical study. J. Neurosci. 10:1983;947-958.
75. Leranth C., Frotscher M. Synaptic connections of cholecystokinin-immunoreactive neurons and terminals in the rat fascia dentata. A combined light and electron microscopic study. J. Comp. Neurol. 254:1986;51-64.
76. Leranth C., Frotscher M., Rakic P. CCK-immunoreactive terminals form different types of synapses in the rat and monkey hippocampus. Histochemistry. 88:1988;343-352.
77. Leuba G., Saini K. Colocalization of parvalbumin, calretinin and calbindin D-28k in human cortical and subcortical visual structures. J. Chem. Neuroanat. 13:1997;41-52.
78. Livingstone M., Hubel D. Segregation of form, color, movement and depth: Anatomy, physiology and perception. Science. 240:1988;740-749.
79. Løvtrup S. Epigenetics: A Treatise on Theoretical Biology. 1974;Wiley, London.
80. Løvtrup S. Ontogeny and phylogeny. Ho M.W., Saunders P.T. Beyond the Neo-Darvinism: An Introduction to the New Evolutionary Paradigm. 1984;159-190 Academic Press, London.
81. Malmierca M.S., Blackstad T.W., Osen K.K, Karagulle T., Molowny R.L. The central nucleus of the inferior colliculus in rat: Reconstruction study of neuronal and laminar structure. J. Comp. Neurol. 333:1993;1-27.
82. Marcus J.A., Deacon T.W., Reep R.L., Marshall C.D. Patterns of interspecific variation in cortical neuron number. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 21:1995;154.
83. McCormick D.A., Connors B.W., Lighthall J.W., Prince D.A. Comparative electrophysiology of pyramidal and sparsely spiny stellate neurons of the neocortex. J. Neurophysiol. 54:1985;782-806.
84. McFarland W.L., Jacobs M.S., Morgane P.J. Blood supply to the brain of the dolphin Tursiops truncatus, with comparative observations on specific aspects of the cerebrovascular supply of other vertebrates. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. I(3):1979;1-93.
85. Millinkovitch M.C., Orti G., Meyer A. Revised phylogeny of whales suggested by mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences. Nature. 361:1993;346-348.
86. Miyamoto M, Goodman M. Biomolecular systematics of eutherian mammals: Phylogenetic patterns and classification. System. Zool. 35:1986;230-240.
87. Miyazaki N., Fujise Y., Fujiyama T. Body and organ weight of striped and spotted dolphins of the Pacific coast of Japan. Sci. Rep. Whales Res. Inst. 33:1981;27-67.
88. Mize R.R., Luo Q., Tigges M. Monocular enucleation reduces immunoreactivity to the calcium-binding protein calbindin D-28k in the rhesus monkey lateral geniculate nucleus. Vis. Neurosci. 9:1992;471-482.
89. Molinari M., Dell'Anna M.E., Rausell E., Leggio M.G., Hashikawa T., Jones E.G. Auditory thalamocortical pathways defined in monkeys by calcium-binding protein immunoreactivity. J. Comp. Neurol. 362:1995;171-194.
90. Morest D.K., Oliver D.L. The neuronal architecture of the inferior colliculus in cat: Defining the functional anatomy of the auditory midbrain. J. Comp. Neurol. 222:1984;209-236.
91. Morgane P.J., Jacobs M.S. The comparative anatomy of the cetacean nervous system. Harrison R.J. Functional Anatomy of Marine Mammals. 1972;117-244 Academic Press, London.
92. Morgane P.J., Glezer I.I. Sensory neocortex in dolphin brain. Thomas J.A., Kastelein R.A. Sensory Abilities of Cetaceans. Laboratory and Field Evidence. 1990;101-137 Plenum Press, New York.
93. Morgane P.J., Jacobs M.S., Galaburda A.M. Conservative features of neocortical evolution. Brain Behav. Evol. 26:1985;176-184.
94. Morgane P.J., Jacobs M.S., Galaburda A.M. Evolutionary morphology of the dolphin brain. Schusterman R.J., Woods F.G., Thomas J.A. Dolphin Cognition and Behavior: A Comparative Approach. 1986;5-29 Erlbaum, Hillsdale.
95. Morgane P.J., Jacobs M.S., Galaburda A.M. Evolutionary aspects of cortical organization in the dolphin brain. Bryden M., Harrison R.J. Research on Dolphins. 1986;71-98 Oxford University Press, Oxford.
96. Morgane P.J., Glezer I.I., Jacobs M.S. The lateral gyrus (visual cortex) of the dolphin: An image analysis study. J. Comp. Neurol. 73:1988;3-25.
97. Morgane P.J., Glezer I.I., Jacobs M.S. Comparative and evolutionary anatomy of visual cortex of dolphin. Peters A, Jones E.G. Cerebral Cortex. Comparative Structure and Evolution of Cerebral Cortex. 8B (part II):1990;215-258 Plenum, New York.
98. Mountcastle V.B. An organizing principle of cerebral function: The unit module and distributed system. Schmitt F.O., Worden F.G. The Neurosciences, Fourth Study Program. 1979;21-42 MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
99. Nachtigall P.E. Vision, audition and chemoreception in dolphins and other marine mammals. Schusterman R.J., Woods F.G., Thomas J.A. Dolphin Cognition and Behavior: A Comparative Approach. 1986;79-115 Erlbaum, Hillsdale.
100. Oliver D.L., Winer J. A., Beckius G. E., Saint Marie R.L. Morphology of GABAergic neurons in the inferior colliculus of the cat. J. Comp. Neurol. 340:1994;27-42.
101. Popper A.N. Sound emission and detection by delfinids. Herman L.M. Cetacean Behavior, Mechanisms and Functions. 1980;1-52 Wiley, New York.
102. Popper A.N. Behavioral measures of odontocete hearing. Busnel R.G., Fish J.F. Animal Sonar Systems. 1980;469-481 Plenum, New York.
103. Raff R.A., Kaufman T.C. Embryos, Genes and Evolution. The Developental-Genetic Basis for Evolutionary Change. 1983;Macmillan, New York.
104. Ralston J.V., Herman L.M. Dolphin auditory perception. Dooling J.R., Hulse S.H. The Comparative Psychology of Audition: Perceiving Complex Sounds. 1989;295-328 Erlbaum, Hillsdale.
105. Rausell E., Jones E.G. Histochemical and immunocytochemical compartments of the thalamic VPM nucleus in monkeys and their relationship to the representational map. J. Neurosci. 11:1991;210-225.
106. Rausell E., Jones E.G. Chemically distinct compartments of the thalamic VPM nucleus in monkeys relay principal and spinal trigeminal pathways to different layers of the somatosensory cortex. J. Neurosci. 11:1991;226-237.
107. Reid S., Masters C. On development properties and tissue interactions of hexokinase. Mech. Aging Dev. 31:1985;197-212.
108. Revishchin A.V. Study of thalamo-cortical projections in dolphin Phocoena phocoena by fluorescent-dye retrograde transport. Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR. 271:1983;973-976.
109. Revishchin A.V., Garey L.J. Sources of thalamic afferent neurons, projecting into the suprasylvian gyrus of the dolphin cerebral cortex. Neirofiziologia. 21:1989;529-539.
110. Revishchin A.V., Garey L.J. The thalamic projection to the sensory neocortex of the harbor porpoise, Phocoena phocoena. J. Anat. (Lond.). 169:1990;85-102.
111. Ridgway S.H., Wood F.G. Cetacean brain evolution. Behav. Brain Sci. 11:1988;99-100.
112. Rockel A.J., Jones E.G. The neuronal organization of the inferior colliculus of the adult cat. I. The central nucleus. J. Comp. Neurol. 147:1973;11-60.
113. Rockel A.J., Jones E.G. The neuronal organization of the inferior colliculus of the adult cat. II. The pericentral nucleus. J. Comp. Neurol. 149:1973;301-334.
114. Rogers J.H. Calretinin: A gene for a novel calcium-binding protein expressed principally in neurons. J. Cell Biol. 10(42):1987;137-170.
115. Roitbak, A.I., 1964. Evoked potentials of the cerebral cortex. In: Current Problems in Electrophysiological Studies of the Central Nervous System. Medizina, Moscow, pp. 164-219.
116. Roth G., Nashikawa K.C., Naujoks-Manteuffel C., Schmidt A, Wake D.B. Paedomorphosis and simplification in the nervous system of salamander. Brain Behav. Evol. 5:1993;1343-1353.
117. Sanides F., Sanides D. The 'extraverted neurons' of the mammalian cerebral cortex. Z. Anat. Entwikl. Gesch. 136:1974;272-293.
118. Savage-Rumbaugh S., Sevcik R.A., Hopkins W.D. Symbolic cross-modal transfer in two species of chimpanzees. Child Develop. 59:1988;661-670.
119. Schad W. Heterochronical patterns of evolution in the transitional stages of vertebrate classes. Acta Biotheor. 41:1993;383-389.
120. Schoch R.M. Phylogeny Reconstruction in Paleontology. 1986;Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
121. Schusterman R.J. Language and counting in animals: Stimulus class and equivalence relations. Behav. Brain Sci. 11:1988;596-598.
122. Schusterman R.J. Stimulus equivalence and cross-modal perception, a testable model for demonstrating symbolic representations in bottlenose dolphins. Thomas J.A., Kastelein R.A. Sensory Abilities of Cetaceans: Laboratory and Field Evidence. 1990;677-685 Plenum, New York.
123. Severtsov A. Morphological Principles of Evolution. 1939;Nauka, Moscow.
124. Sidman M., Rauzin R., Lazar R., Cunnigham S., Tailby W., Carrigan P. A search for symmetry in the conditional discriminations of rhesus monkeys, baboons and children. J. Exp. Anal. Behav. 37:1982;23-44.
125. Sokolov V.E., Ladygina T.F, Supin A.Ya. Localization of sensory zones in dolphin brain cortex. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR. 202:1972;490-493.
126. Solbach S., Celio M.R. Ontogeny of calcium-binding protein parvalbumin in the rat nervous system. Anat. Embryol. 184:1991;103-124.
127. Sterio D.C. The unbiased estimation of number and sizes of arbitrary particles using the disector. J. Microsc. 134:1984;127-136.
128. Supin, A., Ya., 1974. Neuronal Mechanisms of Visual Analysis. Nauka, Moscow.
129. Supin A.Ya., Mukhametov L.M., Ladygina T.F., Popov V.V., Mass A.M., Poliakova I.G. Electrophysiological Study of the Dolphin Brain. 1978;29-85 Nauka, Moscow, Russia.
130. Tigges M., Tigges J. Parvalbumin immunoreactivity of the lateral geniculate nucleus in adult rhesus monkeys after monocular enucleation. Vis. Neurosci. 6:1991;375-382.
131. Tigges M., Tigges J. Parvalbumin immunoreactivity in the lateral geniculate nucleus of rhesus monkey after monocular and binocular deprivation conditions. Vis. Neurosci. 10:1993;1043-1053.
132. Van Essen D.C. Functional organization of primate visual cortex. Peters A., Jones E.G. Cerebral Cortex. 3:1985;259-329 Plenum, New York.
133. Van Essen D.C., Newsome W.T., Maunsell J.H.R. The visual field representation in striate cortex of the macaque monkey: Asymmetries anisotropies and individual variability. Vis. Res. 24:1984;429-448.
134. Vater M, Braun K. Parvalbumin, calbindin D-28k, and calretinin immunoreactivity in the ascending auditory pathway of horseshoe bats. J. Comp. Neurol. 341:1994;534-558.
135. Volgui B., Pollak E., Buzas P., Gabriel R. Calretinin in neurochemically well-defined cell populations of rabbit retina. Brain Res. 763:1997;79-86.
136. Waddington C.H. The Evolution of an Evolutionist. 1975;Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
137. Webster W.R., Garey L.J. Auditory system. Paxinos G. Human Nervous System. 1990;863-945 Academic Press, San Diego.
138. Winters W.D., Adey W.R., Kado R.T. A Stereotaxic Atlas for Macaque nemestrina. 1969;University of California Press, Berkeley.
139. Yan Y.H., Winarto A., Mansjoer I., Hendrickson A. Parvalbumin, calbindin and calretinin mark distinct pathways during development of monkey dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. J. Neurobiol. 31:1996;189-209.
140. Zettel M.L., Carr C.E., O'Neill W.E. Calbindin-like immunoreactivity in the central auditory system of the mustached bat, Pteronotus parnelli. J. Comp. Neurol. 313:1991;1-16.
141. Zook J.M., Jacobs M.S., Glezer I.I., Morgane P.G. Some comparative aspects of auditory brainstem cytoarchitecture in echolocating mammals, speculations on the morphological basis of time-domain signal processing. Nachtigal P.E., Moore P.W.B. Animal Sonar Processes and Performance. 1988;311-316 Plenum, New York.