Could synergistic interactions among reactive oxygen species, proteinases, membrane-perforating enzymes, hydrolases, microbial hemolysins and cytokines be the main cause of tissue damage in infectious and inflammatory conditions?

Medical Hypotheses

Volumn 51, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 337-346

  Ginsburg, I ^a  

^a HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL; ANTIOXIDANT; ARACHIDONIC ACID; BILE SALT; COMPLEMENT; CYTOKINE; DIETHYLDITHIOCARBAMIC ACID; FATTY ACID; HEMOLYSIN; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; HYDROLASE; LINDANE; LIPOXYGENASE; METHANOL; NITRIC OXIDE; PEROXY RADICAL; PHOSPHOLIPASE; PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHASE; PROTEINASE; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; XANTHINE; XANTHINE OXIDASE; XENOBIOTIC AGENT;

CELL DAMAGE; CELL MEMBRANE; CLOSTRIDIUM; CYTOTOXICITY; HUMAN; INFECTION; INFLAMMATION; ISCHEMIA; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENICITY; PHAGOCYTE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; STREPTOCOCCUS;

CLOSTRIDIUM; LETHRINIDAE; MAMMALIA; STREPTOCOCCUS;

EID: 0031787735     PISSN: 03069877     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0306-9877(98)90059-7     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Tauber A I. Metchnikoff, the modern immunologist. J Leukocyte Biol 1990; 47: 561-567.
2. Florey H. General Pathology. London: Lloyd-Like (Medical Books), 1964.
3. Wright D G. The neutrophil as a secretory organ of host defense. In: Gallin J I, Fauci A S, eds. Advances in Host Defense, Vol. 1. New York: Raven Press, 1982.
4. Gallin J I, Goldstein I M, Snyderman R. Inflammation: Basic Principles and Clinical Correlates, 2nd edn. New York: Raven Press, 1992.
5. Ginsburg I. Mechanisms of cell and tissue injury induced by group A streptococci: relation to poststreptococcal sequelae. J Infect Dis 1972; 126: 294-340, 419-456.
6. Ginsburg I. Streptococcal enzymes and virulence. In: Holder I, ed. Bacterial Enzymes and Virulence. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1985: 121-144.
7. Hentges D J, Smith L D S. Hydrolytic enzymes as virulence factors of anaerobic bacteria. In: Holder I, ed. Bacterial Enzymes and Virulence. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1985: 105-119.
8. Ginsburg I. Can hemolytic streptococci be considered 'forefathers' of modern phagocytes? Both cell types freely migrate in tissues and destroy host cells by a 'synergistic cross-talk' among their secreted agonists. Comp Biochem Physiol 1994; 109C: 147-158.
9. Ginsburg I. Action of streptococcal hemolysins and proteolytic enzymes on Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Br J Exp Pathol 1959; 40: 417-423.
10. Ginsburg I, Ram N. Effect of antibodies and plasmin on Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Nature 1960; 185: 328-330.
11. Baldrige C W, Gerard R W. The extra respiration of phagocytes. Am J Physiol 1933; 103: 235-236.
12. Sbarra A J, Strauss R R. The Respiratory Burst and Its Physiological Significance. New York: Plenum Press, 1988.
13. Babior B M. Activation of the respiratory burst oxidase. Environm Health Perspec 1994; 102: 53-55.
14. Klebanoff S F. Phagocytic cells, products of oxygen metabolites. In: Gallin J I, Goldstein I M, Snyderman R, eds. Inflammation: Basic Principles and Clinical Correlates, 2nd edn. New York: Raven Press, 1992.
15. Segal A W, Abo A. the biochemical basis of NADPH oxidase of phagocytes. TIBS 1993; 18: 43-47.
16. Halliwell B, Gutteridge J M C. Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989.
17. Gutteridge J M C. Free radicals in disease processes: a compilation of cause and consequence. Free Radical Res Commun 1993; 19: 141-158.
18. Lehrer R I, Ganz T, Selsted M E, Babior B M, Curnutte T. Neutrophils and host defence. Ann Intern Med 1988; 109: 127-142.
19. Groot H, Littauer A. Hypoxia, reactive oxygen and cell injury. Free Rad Biol Med 1989; 6: 541-551.
20. Henson P M, Johnston R B Jr. Tissue injury in inflammation: oxidants, proteinases and cationic proteins. J Clin Invest 1987; 79: 669-674.
21. Barnes P J. Reactive oxygen species and airway inflammation. Free Rad Biol Med 1990; 9: 235-243.
22. Farber J L, Kyle M E, Coleman J B. Mechanisms of cell injury by active oxygen species. Lab Invest 1990; 62: 670-679.
23. Anderson B O, Brown J M, Harken A H. Mechanisms of neutrophil-mediated tissue injury. J Surgical Res 1991; 51: 170-179.
24. Morel F, Doussiere J, Vignais P V. The superoxide-generating oxidase of phagocytic cells, physiological, molecular and pathological aspects. Eur J Biochem 1991; 201: 523-546.
25. Yagi K, Kondo M, Niki E, Yoshikawa T. Oxygen Radicals. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1992.
26. Seifert R, Schultz G. The superoxide-forming NADPH oxidase of phagocytes. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 1993; 117: 1-338.
27. Nussler A K, Biliar T R. Inflammation, immunoregulation and inducible nitric oxide synthase. J Leuk Biol 1993; 54: 171-178.
28. Baggiolini M, Boulay F, Badwey J A, Currnute T. Activation of neutrophil leukocyte: chemoattractant receptor and respiratory burst. FASEB J 1993; 7: 1004-1010.
29. Oxygen radicals and lung injury: conference on oxygen radicals and lung injury. Environm Health Perspec 1994; (suppl. 10).
30. Rice Evans C A, Burdon R H, eds. Free Radical Damage and its Control. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 1994.
31. Smith J A. Neutrophils, host defense, and inflammation: a double-edge sword. J Leukocyte Biol 1994; 56: 672-686.
32. Rosen G M, Pou S, Ramos C L, Cohem M S, Brittigan B E. Free radicals and phagocytic cells. FASEB J 1995; 9: 200-209.
33. Ginsburg I, Kohen R. Cell damage in inflammatory and infectious sites might involve a coordinated 'cross-talk' among oxidants, microbial hemolysins and amphiphiles, cationic proteins, phospholipases, fatty acids, proteinases and cytokines (an oveview). Free Radical Res 1995; 22: 489-517.
34. Varani J, Ward P A. Mechanisms of neutrophil-dependent and neutrophil-independent endothelial cell killing. Biol Signals 1994; 3: 1-14.
35. Lehr A H. Mechanisms of tissue damage by leukocytes. Curr Opin Hematol 1994; 1: 92-99.
36. Baird B R, Cheronis J C, Sandhaus R A, Berger E M, Repine J E. Oxygen metabolites and neutrophil elastase synergistically cause edematous injury in isolated rat lungs. J Appl Physiol 1986; 61; 2224-2229.
37. McGowan S E, Murry J J. Direct effect of neutrophil oxidants and elastase-induced extracellular matrix proteolysis. Am Rev Resp Dis 1987; 125: 1286-1293.
38. 2-chloride system. Am J Physiol 1993; 193: 907-917.
39. Roddel T C, Cheronis JC, Repine J E. Endothelial cells xanthine-oxidase-derived toxic oxygen metabolites contribute to acute lung injury from neutrophil elastase. Chest 1988; 93: 146S.
40. Lichtenstein A K, Ganz T, Selsted M, Lehrer R I. Synergistic cytolysis mediated by hydrogen peroxide combined with peptide defensin. Cellular Immunol 1988; 114: 104-116.
41. Abe H, Okajima K, Okabe K, Binder B R. Granulocyte proteases and hydrogen peroxide synergistically inactivate thrombomodulin of endothelial cells. J Lab Clin Med 1994; 123: 874-881.
42. Miller R A, Brititgan B E. Protease-cleaved iron transferrin augment oxidant-mediated endothelial cell injury via hydroxyl radical formation. J Clin Invest 1995; 95: 1491-1500.
43. Whitely L O. Enhancement of neutrophil-mediated injury to bovine pulmonary epithelial cells by Pasteurella hemolytica leukotoxin. Infect Immun 1993; 61: 2618-2625.
44. Ginsburg I, Gibbs D F, Schuger L et al. Vascular endothelial cells killing by combinations of membrane active agents and hydrogen peroxide. Free Radical Biol Med 1989; 7: 369-376.
45. Varani J, Ginsburg I, Schuger L et al. Endothelial cell killing by neutrophils: Synergistic interaction of oxygen products and proteases. Am J Pathol 1989; 125: 435-438.
46. Ginsburg I, Misgav R, Pinson A, Varani J, Kohen R. Synergism among oxidants, proteinases, phospholipases, microbial hemolysins, cationic proteins, proteinases and cytokines. Inflammation 1992; 16: 519-538.
47. Ginsburg I, Mitra RS Jr, Gibbs DF, Varani J, Kohen R. Killing of endothelial cells and release of arachidonic acid: Synergistic effects among hydrogen peroxide, membrane-damaging agents, cationic substances and proteinases and modulation by inhibitors. Inflammation 1993; 17: 295-319.
48. Ginsburg I, Varani J. Interaction of viable streptococci and hydrogen peroxide in killing of vascular endothelial cells. Free Rad Biol Med 1993; 14: 495-500.
49. Ginsburg I, Kohen R, Ligumsky M. Ethanol synergizes with hydrogen peroxide, peroxyl radical and trypsin to kill epithelial cells in culture. Free Radical Biol Med 1994; 16: 261-269.
50. Ginsburg I, Kohen R. Synergistic effects among oxidants, membrane-damaging agents, fatty acids, proteinases and xenobiotics: killing of epithelial cells and the release of arachidonic acid. Inflammation 1995; 19: 101-118.
51. 2, membrane-damaging agents, histone and trypsin. In Vitro Toxicol 1996; 9: 305-313.
52. Piper H M, ed. Pathophysiology of Severe Ischemic Myocardial Injury. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1990.
53. Karmazyn M, ed. Myocardial Ischemia: Mechanisms, Reperfusion, Protection. Basel: Birkauser, 1996.
54. Ginsburg I, Yedgar S, Varani J. Diethyldithiocarbamate and nitric oxide synergize with oxidants and with membrane-damaging agents to injure mammalian cells. Free Radical Res 1997; 27: 143-164.
55. Forehand J R, Pabst M J, Phillips W A, Johnston R B. Lipopolysaccharide priming of human neutrophils for enhanced respiratory burst: role of calcium. J Clin Invest 1989; 83: 74-83.
56. Ginsburg I, Fleigel S E G, Ward P A, Varani J. Lipoteichoic acid anti-lipoteichoic acid complexes induce superoxide generation by human neutrophils. Inflammation 1988; 12: 525-548.
57. Ginsburg I, Ward P A, Varani J. Lysophosphatides enhance superoxide responses of stimulated human neutrophils. Inflammation 1989; 13: 163-174.
58. Ferrante A, Kowanko I C, Bates E J. Mechanisms of host tissue damage by cytokine-activated neutrophils. In: Coffey R G, ed. Granulocyte Responses To Cytokines: Basic Clinical Research. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1992: 499-521.
59. Schraufstatter I U, Hyslop P A, Jackson J, Cohrane C C. Mechanisms of oxidant injury of cells. In: Movat M, ed. Leukocyte Migration and its Sequellae. Satellite Symposium of the 6th International Congress on Immunology.
60. Schraufstatter I U, Hasley P A, Jackson J, Hyslop P A, Cochrane C C. In vitro models for the study of oxidant-induced injury of cells in inflammation. Methods Enzymol 1988; 163: 328-339.
61. Davies K J A, Lin S, Pacific R E. Protein damage and degradation by oxygen radicals. IV. Degradation of denatured proteins. J Biol Chem 1987; 262: 9914-9920.
62. Stadtman E A. Protein oxidation and aging. Science 1992; 257: 1220-1224.
63. Weiss S J. Tissue destruction by neutrophils. N Engl J Med 1989; 320: 365-376.
64. Beckman J S, Beckman T W, Chen J, Mashall P A, Freeman M. Apparent hydroxyl radical production by peroxinitrite: implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and superoxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990; 87: 1620-1624.
65. Buttke T M, Sandstrom P A. Oxidative stress as a mediator of apoptosis. Immunol Today 1994; 15: 7-10.
66. 2 degrades cell surface proteoglycan and exposes the cell to lysis by phopholipase A2: a novel mechanism for cell damage in inflammatory processes. FEBS Lett 1996; 383: 75-78.
67. Halliwell B. How to characterize a biological antioxidant. Free Radical Res Commun 1990; 9: 1-32.
68. Rice-Evans C A, Diplock A T. Current status of antioxidant therapy. Free Rad Biol Med 1993; 15: 77-96.