The application of electronic work sampling technology in New Zealand community pharmacy

Journal of Social and Administrative Pharmacy

Volumn 15, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 191-197

  Emmerton, Lynne ^a   Becket, Gordon ^a   Gillbanks, Linda ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

^b Napier Hospital   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Community; New Zealand; Pharmacies; Self reporting; Time studies; Work sampling

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; AUTOMATION; HUMAN; INFORMATION PROCESSING; JOB PERFORMANCE; NEW ZEALAND; NORMAL HUMAN; PHARMACIST; PHARMACY; SELF REPORT; STAFF; WORK;

EID: 0031783134     PISSN: 02810662     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Dickson WM, Rodowskas CA. Pharmacist work activities in community pharmacy setting. J Am Pharm Ass 1975; 15: 581-587.
2. Oddone EZ, Guarisco S, Simel DL. Comparison of housestaff's estimates of their workday activities with results of a random worksampling study. Acad Med 1993; 68: 859-861.
3. Emmerton L, Shaw J. Pharmaceutical care: from theory to practice. N Z Pharm 1995; 15(7): 20-23.
4. Hadsall RS, Gourley DR, Haggerty JA et al. Work sampling in contemporary pharmacy practice: a multidimensional approach. Top Hosp Pharm Manage 1982; 2(Nov): 15-26.
5. Oddone E, Weinberger M, Hurder A, Henderson W et al. Measuring activities in clinical trials using random work sampling: implications for cost-effectiveness analysis and measurement of the intervention. J Clin Epidem 1995; 48: 1011-1018.
6. Savage IT. Observing pharmacists at work: quantifying the Hawthorne effect. J Soc Adm Pharm 1996; 13: 8-19.
7. Dickson WM, Rodowskas CA. A comparative study of community pharmacy practice: chain and prescription-oriented practice. Drugs Health Care 1975; 2: 153-166.
8. Robertson JA. Multi-dimensional work sampling at the executive level. Ind Engin 1980; 12(Aug): 70-73.
9. Nickman NA, Guerrero RM, Bair JN. Self-reported work-sampling methods for evaluating pharmaceutical services. Am J Hosp Pharm 1990; 47: 1611-1617.
10. Guarisco S, Oddone E, Simel D. Time analysis of a general medicine service: results from a random work sampling study. J Gen Intern Med 1994; 9(May): 272-277.
11. Guerrero RM, Nickman NA, Bair JN. Work activities of pharmacy teams with drug distribution and clinical responsibilities. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1995; 52: 614-620.
12. Beech EF, Barber ND. The development of a self-reporting multidimensional work sampling measure to study ward pharmacy services in the United Kingdom. J Soc Adm Pharm 1993; 10: 157-162.
13. Beech EF, Barber ND. Ward pharmacy services - is a once daily visit less efficient than a twice daily visit? Int J Pharm Pract 1995; 3(Mar): 124-127.
14. Ried LD, West TE, Martin P et al. Multidimensional work sampling to study the activities of decentralized clinical pharmacists. Am J Hosp Pharm 1991; 48: 1211-1219.
15. Yoon R, Chapman R, Gourley DR et al. Multidimenional work sampling to quantify a pharmacokinetics resident's duties. Am J Hosp Pharm 1990; 47: 1785-1790.
16. Rascati KL, Kimberlin CL, Foley PT et al. Multidimensional work sampling to evaluate the effects of computerization in an outpatient pharmacy. Am J Hosp Pharm 1987; 44: 2060-2067.
17. Dickson M. Measuring pharmacist time use: a note on the use of fixed-interval work sampling. Am J Hosp Pharm 1978; 35: 1241-1243.
18. Fisher C, Corrigan O, Henman M. A study of community pharmacy practice. J Soc Adm Pharm 1991; 8: 15-24.
19. Misra SE, Dringman E, Robertson WO. Outcome productivity assessment: using random alarm devices. Vet Hum Toxicol 1993; 35(1): 42-43.
20. Roberts MJ, Kvalseth TO, Jermstad RL. Work measurement in hospital pharmacy. Top Hosp Pharm Manage 1982; 2(Aug): 1-17.
21. Jefferson KM. Documentation of prescription interventions and professional activities of community pharmacists [Dissertation]. New Zealand: University of Otago, 1994.
22. Gillbanks LT. Development of a self-reporting work sampling methodology to investigate the activities of community pharmacy staff [Dissertation]. Dunedin, New Zealand: University of Otago, 1996.
23. Divilbiss JL. Personal time management. Illinois, USA: Divilbiss Electronics; 1992.
24. Barnes RM. Motion and time study design and measurement of work. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1980.
25. Ortiz M, Walker WL, Thomas R. Observations of community pharmacists' work activities: how much is 'skilled' and 'professional'? Aust Pharm 1988; 7(Aug): 20-25.