Ventricular remodeling and its prevention in the treatment of heart failure

Current Opinion in Cardiology

Volumn 13, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 162-167

  Patten, Richard D ^a   Udelson, James E ^a   Konstam, Marvin A ^a  

^a TUFTS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BUCINDOLOL; CAPTOPRIL; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; IBOPAMINE; LISINOPRIL;

CLINICAL TRIAL; DISEASE COURSE; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; HEART FAILURE; HEART INFARCTION; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE FAILURE; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE SIZE; HEART MUSCLE INJURY; HEART VENTRICLE REMODELING; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; MULTICENTER STUDY; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; REVIEW;

EID: 0031781774     PISSN: 02684705     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (40)

1. McKay RG, Pfeffer MA, Pasternak RC, Markis JE, Come PC, Nakao S, Alderman JD, Ferguson JJ, Safian RD, Grossman W: Left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction: a corollary to infarct expansion. Circulation 1986, 74:693-702.
2. Chareonthaitawee P, Christian TF, Hirose K, Gibbons RJ, Rumberger JA: Relation of initial infarct size to extent of left ventricular remodeling in the year after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995, 25:567-573.
3. van Gilst WH, Kingma JH, Peels KH, Dembrink JE, St. John Sutton M, on behalf of the CATS investigators: Which patients benefit from early angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition after myocardial infarction? Results of one-year serial echocardiographic follow-up from the captopril and thrombolysis study (CATS). J Am Coll Cardiol 1996, 28:114-121.
4. Erlebacher JA, Weiss JL, Eaton LW, Clay K, Weisfeldt ML, Bulkley BH: Late effects of acute infarct dilation on heart size: a two dimensional echocardiographic study. Am J Cardiol 1982, 49:1120-1126.
5. Rumberger JA, Behrenbeck T, Breen JR, Reed JE, Gersh BJ: Nonparallel changes in global left ventricular chamber volume and muscle mass during the first year after transmural myocardial infarction in humans. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993, 21:673-682.
6. Jeremy RW, Allman KC, Bautovitch G, Harris PJ: Patterns of left ventricular dilation during the six months after myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989, 13:304-310.
7. Mitchell GF, Lamas GA, Vaughan DE, Pfeffer MA: Left ventricular remodeling in the year after first anterior myocardial infarction: a quantitative analysis of contractile segment lengths and ventricular shape. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992, 19:1136-1144.
8. Beltrami CA, Finato N, Rocco M, Feruglio GA, Puricelli C, Cigola E, Quaini F, Sonnenblick EH, Olivetti G, Anversa P: Structural basis of end stage heart failure in ischemic cardiomyopathy in humans. Circulation 1994, 89:151-163.
9. Gerdes AM, Kellerman SE, Moore JA, Muffly KE, Clark LC, Reaves MS, Malec KB, McKeown PP, Schocken DD: Structural remodeling of cardiac myocytes in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 1992, 86:426-430.
10. Bishop JE, Greenbaum R, Gibson DG, Yacoub M, Laurent GJ: Enhanced deposition of predominantly type I collagen in myocardial disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1990, 22:1157-1165.
11. Konstam MA, Rousseau MF, Kronenberg MW, Udelson JE, Melin J, Stewart D, Dolan N, Edens TR, Ahn S, Kinan D, et al.: Effects of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, enalapril, on the long-term progression of left ventricular dysfunction in patients with heart failure. Circulation 1992, 86:431-438.
12. Konstam MA, Kronenberg MW, Rousseau MF, Udelson JE, Melin J, Stewart D, Dolan N, Edens TR, Ahn S, Kinan D, et al.: Effects of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, enalapril, on the long-term progression of left ventricular dilatation in patients with asymptomatic systolic dysfunction. Circulation 1993, 88:2277-2283.
13. Pfeffer MA, Pfeffer JM: Ventricular enlargement and reduced survival after myocardial infarction. Circulation 1987, 75(suppl IV):IV-93-IV-97.
14. White HD, Norris RM, Brown MA, Brandt PWT, Whitlock RML, Wild CJ: Left ventricular end-systolic volume as the major determinant of survival after recovery from myocardial infarction. Circulation 1987, 76:44-51.
15. Hammermeister KE, DeRouen TA, Dodge HT: Variables predictive of survival in patients with coronary artery disease: selection by unlvariate and multivariate analyses from the clinical, electrocardiographic, exercise, arteriographic and quantitative angiographic evaluations. Circulation 1979, 59:421-430.
16. Migrino RQ, Young JB, Ellis SG, White HD, Lundergan CF, Miller DP, Granger CB, Ross AM, Califf RM, Topol EJ, for the Global Utilization of Streptokinase and t-PA for Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO)-I Angiographic Investigators: End-systolic volume index at 90 to 180 minutes into reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction is a strong predictor of early and late mortality. Circulation 1997, 96:116-121. This substudy of the GUSTO-I trial represents one of the largest series analyzing prognostic variables following MI in the era of thrombolytic therapy. As in earlier studies, the investigators observed that LV end-systolic volume was a strong predictor of subsequent morbid events and mortality.
17. Fox RM, Nestico PF, Munley BJ, Hakki AH, Neumann D, Iskrandan AS: Coronary artery cardiomyopathy: hemodynamic and prognostic implications. Chest 1986, 89:352-358.
18. St. John Sutton M, Pfeffer MA, Plappert T, Rouleau JL, Moyé LA, Dagenais GR, Lamas GA, Klein M, Sussex B, Goldman S, et al.: Quantitative two dimensional echocardiographic measurements are major predictors of adverse cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction, the protective effect of captopril. Circulation 1994, 89:68-75.
19. Rousseau MF, Konstam MA, Benedict CR, Donckier J, Galanti L, Melin J, Kinan D, Ahn S, Ketelslegers J, Pouleur H: Progression of left ventricular dysfunction secondary to coronary artery disease sustained neurohormonal activation and effects of ibopamine therapy during long-term therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Am J Cardiol 1994, 73:488-493.
20. Hampton JR, van Veldhuisen DJ, Kleber FX, Cowley AJ, Ardia A, Block P, Cortina A, Cserhalmi L, Follath F, Jensen G, et al.: Randomized study of effect of ibopamine on survival in patients with advanced severe heart failure: second prospective randomized study of ibopamine on mortality and efficacy (Prime II) investigators. Lancet 1997, 349:971-977. In this trial, ibopamine, a nonselective dopaminergic agonist, was administered to patients with LV systolic dysfunction and heart failure. In a previous study (Rousseau et al., Am J Cardiol 1994, 74:488-493), ibopamine improved symptoms and neurohormonal status in patients with heart failure; however, it also appeared to increase LV volumes in the treated patients. The Lancet trial documented an increase in mortality in the ibopamine-treated group. This increase exemplifies the notion that agents that accelerate ventricular remodeling may increase mortality rates.
21. Hampton JR, van Veldhuisen DJ, Kleber FX, Cowley AJ, Ardia A, Block P, Cortina A, Cserhalmi L, Follath F, Jensen G, et al.: Randomized study of effect of ibopamine on survival in patients with advanced severe heart failure: second prospective randomized study of ibopamine on mortality and efficacy (Prime II) investigators. Lancet 1997, 349:971-977. In this trial, ibopamine, a nonselective dopaminergic agonist, was administered to patients with LV systolic dysfunction and heart failure. In a previous study (Rousseau et al., Am J Cardiol 1994, 74:488-493), ibopamine improved symptoms and neurohormonal status in patients with heart failure; however, it also appeared to increase LV volumes in the treated patients. The Lancet trial documented an increase in mortality in the ibopamine-treated group. This increase exemplifies the notion that agents that accelerate ventricular remodeling may increase mortality rates.
22. Konstam MA: Role of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in preventing left ventricular remodeling following myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 1995, 16(suppl K):42-48.
23. Pfeffer MA, Lamas GA, Vaughan DE, Parisi AF, Braunwald E: Effect of captopril on progressive ventricular dilatation after anterior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1988, 319:80-86.
24. Sharpe N, Smith H, Murphy J, Greaves S, Hart H, Gamble G: Early prevention of left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. Lancet 1991, 337:872-876.
25. Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E, Moyé LA, Bastla L, Brown EJ, Cuddy TE, Davis BR, Geltman EM, Goldman S, Flaker GC, et al.: Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1992, 327:669-677.
26. The SOLVD Investigators: Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition with enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and congestive heart failure: results of the treatment trial of the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD); a randomized double blind trial. N Engl J Med 1991, 325:293-302.
27. The SOLVD Investigators: Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions. N Engl J Med 1992, 327:685-691.
28. GISSI-3: Effects of lisinopril and transdermal glyceryl trinitrate singly and together on 6-week mortality and ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1994, 343:1115-1122.
29. Nicolosi GL, Latini R, Manno P, Maggioni AP, Barlera S, Franzosi MG, Geraci E, Santoro L, Tavazzi L, Tognoni G, et al.: The prognostic value of predlscharge quantitative two-dimensional echocardiographic measurements and the effects of early lisinopril treatment on left ventricular structure and function after acute myocardial infarction in the GISSI-3 trial. Eur Heart J 1996, 17:1646-1656. This substudy of the GISSI-3 trial served to reinforce the findings of earlier investigators that the extent of LV dilatation immediately following an MI provides important prognostic information. In addition, early treatment (within 24 hours) with the ACE inhibitor lisinopril improved survival and mitigated the extent of LV dilatation in patients with LV dysfunction.
30. ISIS-4: A randomized factorial trial assessing early oral captopril, oral mononitrate, and intravenous magnesium sulfate in 58,050 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1995, 345:669-685.
31. Pfeffer MA, Greaves SC, Arnold MO, Glynn RJ, LaMotte FS, Lee RT, Menapace FJ, Rapaport E, Ridker PM, Rouleau JL, et al.: Early versus delayed angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition therapy in acute myocardial infarction: the healing and early afterload reducing therapy trial. Circulation 1997, 95:2643-2651. This well-designed study compared early tow-dose, early full-dose, and delayed ACE inhibitor therapy after Ml. It was terminated early, however, following publication of the GISSI-3 and ISIS-4 trials. However, despite lack of statistical power, the authors observed trends for less LV dilatation in the full-dose, early ACE inhibitor-treated group, supporting the early use of ACE inhibitors in acute MI.
32. Schulman SP, Weiss JL, Becker LC, Guerci AD, Shapiro EP, Chandra NC, Siu C, Flaherty JT, Coombs V, Taube JC, et al.: Effect of early enalapril therapy on left ventricular function and structure in acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1995, 76:764-770.
33. Wollen KC, Drexler H: The kallikrein-kinin system in post-myocardial infarction cardiac remodeling. Am J Cardiol 1997, 80(suppl 3):158A-161A.
34. Doughty RN, Rodgers A, Sharpe N, MacMahon S: Effects of beta-blocker therapy on mortality in patients with heart failure: a systematic overview of randomized controlled trials. Eur Heart J 1997, 18:560-565. This article is a concise and informative review of trials analyzing β-blockers for the treatment of heart failure.
35. Hall SA, Cigarroa CG, Marcoux L, Risser RC, Grayburn PA, Eichhorn EJ: Time course of improvement of left ventricular function, mass and geometry in patients with congestive heart failure treated with beta-adrenergic blockade. J Am Coll Card 1995, 25:1154-1161.
36. Woodley SL, Gilbert EM, Anderson JL, O'Connell JB, Deitchman D, Yanowitz FG, Mealey PC, Volkman K, Renlund DG, Menlove R, Bristow MR: β-Blockade with bucindolol in heart failure caused by ischemic versus idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation 1991, 84:2426-2441.
37. Australia/New Zealand Heart Failure Research Collaborative Group: Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of carvedilol in patients with congestive heart failure due to ischemic heart disease. Lancet 1997, 349:375-380. This trial reported a favorable effect of carvedilol on mortality in patients with heart failure due to an ischemic cardiomyopathy.
38. Packer M, Bristow MR, Cohn JN, Colucci WS, Fowler MB, Gilbert EM, Shusterman NH: The effect of carvedilol on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure: U.S. Carvedilol Heart Failure Study Group. N Engl J Med 1996, 334:1349-1355. This paper reported the morbidity and mortality data from the pooled results of trials analyzing the effects of carvedilol on exercise capacity and symptoms of heart failure (ejection fraction ≤ 35%). These trials were terminated early owing to the observed 38% reduction in the combined endpoint of heart failure and death in the carvedilol-treated patients.
39. Basu S, Senior R, Raval U, van der Does R, Bruckner T, Lahiri A: Beneficial effects of intravenous and oral carvedilol in acute myocardial infarction: a placebo controlled, randomized trial. Circulation 1997, 96:183-191. This article is the first study to document the safety and benefit of early carvedilol in acute Ml. Patients with an LV ejection fraction less than 45% treated with carvedilol exhibited significantly less LV dilatation compared with placebo.
40. Doughty RN, Whalley GA, Gamble G, MacMahon S, Sharpe N: Left ventricular remodeling with carvedilol in patients with congestive heart failure due to ischemic heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997, 29:1060-1066. This study analyzed the effects of nonselective β-adrenergic antagonist/vasodilator, carvedilol, on LV volumes in the treatment of patients with heart failure due to ischemic disease. Coinciding with the survival benefits documented in the above trials, carvedilol also improved indexes of LV remodeling in these patients.