Facial and emotional reactions to Duchenne and non-Duchenne smiles

International Journal of Psychophysiology

Volumn 29, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 23-33

  Surakka, Veikko ^a   Hietanen, Jari K ^b  

^a TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Finland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

Author keywords

EMG; Emotional contagion; Empathy; Facial expression; Human emotions; Non verbal mimicry

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; EMOTION; EMPATHY; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; ORBICULARIS OCULI MUSCLE; VISUAL STIMULATION;

ADULT; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; EMPATHY; EXPRESSED EMOTION; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FACIAL MUSCLES; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; QUESTIONNAIRES; SMILING;

EID: 0031781767     PISSN: 01678760     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0167-8760(97)00088-3     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Adelmann P.K., Zajonc R.B. Facial efference and the experience of emotion. Ann. Rev. Psychol. 40:1989;249-280.
2. Bavelas J., Black A., Lemery C., Mullet J. I show how you feel: Motor mimicry as a communicative Act. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 50(2):1986;322-329.
3. Bavelas, J., Black, A., Lemery, C., Mullet, J., 1987. Motor mimicry as primitive empathy. In: Eisenberg, N., Strayer, J. (Eds.), Empathy and its Development. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp. 317-338.
4. Camras, L.A., Holland, E.A., Patterson, M., 1993. Facial expression. In: Lewis, M., Haviland, J.M. (Eds.), Handbook of Emotions. The Guilford Press, New York, pp. 199-208.
5. Cappella J.N. The facial feedback hypothesis in human interaction: Review and speculation. J. Lang. Soc. Psychol. 12(1):1993;13-29.
6. Dimberg U. Facial reactions to facial expressions. Psychophysiology. 19:1982;643-647.
7. Dimberg U. Facial reactions to fear relevant stimuli for subjects high and low in specific fear. Scand. J. Psychol. 31:1990;65-69.
8. Dimberg U. Facial electromyography and emotional reactions. Psychophysiology. 27:1990;481-494.
9. Eisenberg, N., Miller, P., 1987. Empathy, sympathy, and altruism: empirical and conceptual links. In: Eisenberg, N., Strayer, J. (Eds.), Empathy and its Development. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp. 292-316.
10. Ekman, P., 1985. Telling Lies. W.W. Norton, New York.
11. Ekman P. Strong evidence for universals in facial expressions: A reply to Russell's mistaken critique. Psychol. Bull. 115(2):1994;268-287.
12. Ekman, P., 1997. Expression or communication about emotion. In: Segal, N., G.E., Wiesfeld, C.C. (Eds.), Uniting Psychology and Biology: Integrative Perspectives on Human Development. APA, Washington, D.C., pp. 315-338.
13. Ekman P., Davidson R.J. Voluntary smiling changes regional brain activity. Psychol. Sci. 4(5):1993;342-345.
14. Ekman P., Davidson R.J., Friesen W.V. The Duchenne smile: Emotional expression and brain physiology II. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 58(2):1990;342-353.
15. Ekman P., Friesen W.V. The repertoire of nonverbal behavior - Categories, origins, usage and coding. Semiotica. 1:1969;49-98.
16. Ekman, P., Friesen, W.V., 1978. Facial Action Coding System (FACS): A technique for the measurement of facial action. Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA.
17. Ekman, P., O'Sullivan, M., 1991. Facial expression: Methods, means, and moues. In: Feldman, R.S., Rimé, B. (Eds.), Fundamentals of Nonverbal Behavior. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp. 163-199.
18. Etcoff N.L., Magee J.J. Categorical perception of facial expressions. Cognition. 44:1992;227-240.
19. Fridlund A.J. Evolution and facial action in reflex, social motive, and paralanguage. Biol. Psychol. 32:1991;3-100.
20. Fridlund A.J. Sociality of solitary smiling: Potentiation by an implicit audience. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 60:1991;229-240.
21. Fridlund, A.J., 1992. The behavioral ecology and sociality of human faces. In: Clark, M.S. (Ed.), Emotion, Review of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 13. Sage, Newbury Park, London, pp. 90-121.
22. Fridlund A.J., Cacioppo J.T. Guidelines for human electromyographic research. Psychophysiology. 33(5):1986;567-589.
23. Fridlund, A.J., Ekman, P., Oster, H., 1987. Facial expression of emotion: Review of literature 1970-1983. In: Siegman, A., Feldstein, S. (Eds.), Nonverbal Behavior in Communication, 2nd ed. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 143-224.
24. Hatfield, E., Cacioppo, J.T., Rapson, R.L., 1992. Primitive emotional contagion. In: Clark, M.S. (Eds.), Review of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 14. Emotion and Social Behavior. Sage, Newbury Park, CA, pp. 151-177.
25. Hatfield, E., Cacioppo, J.T., Rapson, R.L., 1994. Emotional Contagion. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
26. Helson, H., 1964. Adaptation-Level Theory. Harper and Row, New York.
27. Hess U., Kappas A., McHugo G.J., Lanzetta J.T., Kleck R.E. The facilitative effect of facial expression on the self-generation of emotion. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 12:1992;251-265.
28. Izard, C.E., 1971. The Face of Emotion. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York.
29. Izard, C.E., 1977. Human Emotions. Plenum Press, New York.
30. Izard C.E. Facial expressions and the regulation of emotions. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 58(3):1990;487-498.
31. Levenson R.W., Ruef A.M. Empathy: A physiological substrate. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 63:1992;234-246.
32. Leventhal, H., 1984. A perceptual motor theory of emotion. In: Berkowitz, L. (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. Academic Press, New York, Vol. 17, pp. 117-182.
33. Lundqvist L.-O., Dimberg U. Facial expressions are contagious. J. Psychophysiol. 9(3):1995;203-211.
34. Matsumoto D. The role of facial response in the experience of emotion. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 52(4):1987;769-774.
35. McHugo G.J., Lanzetta J.T., Bush L.K. The effect of attitudes on emotional reactions to expressive displays of political leaders. J. Nonverb. Behav. 15(1):1991;19-41.
36. Mehrabian A., Epstein N. A measure of emotional empathy. J. Pers. 50:1972;525-543.
37. Miller K., Stiff J., Hartman E. Communication and empathy as precursors to burnout among human service workers. Commun. Monogr. 5:1988;250-265.
38. Philippot P. Inducing and assessing differentiated emotion-feeling states in the laboratory. Cogn. Emot. 7(2):1993;171-193.
39. Russell J.A., Fehr B. Relativity in the perception of emotion in facial expressions. J. Exp. Psychol.: Gen. 116(3):1987;223-237.
40. Russell J.A. The contempt expression and the relativity thesis. Mot. Emot. 15:1991;2.
41. Tassinary L.G., Cacioppo J.T. Unobservable facial actions and emotion. Psychol. Sci. 3(1):1992;28-33.
42. Thayer S. The effect of facial expression sequence upon judgements of emotion. J. Soc. Psychol. 111:1980;305-306.
43. Tomkins, S.S., 1962. Affect, Imagery, Consciousness, Vol. 1. The positive affect. Springer, New York.
44. Tomkins, S.S., 1963. Affect, Imagery, Consciousness, Vol. 2. The negative affect. Springer, New York.
45. Tourangeau R., Ellsworth P.C. The role of facial response in the experience of emotion. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 37:1979;1519-1531.
46. Underwood, J., June 1994. Subliminal perception on TV. Nature, 370.