Radiant heating of the western equatorial Pacific during TOGA-COARE

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 103, Issue C3, 1998, Pages 5379-5395

  Ohlmann, J Carter ^a   Siegel, David A ^a   Washburn, Libe ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HEAT BUDGET; SOLAR RADIATION; TOGA-COARE; WARM POOL;

PACIFIC, (EQUATORIAL WEST);

EID: 0031780973     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/97jc03422     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Anderson, S. P., R. A. Weller, and R. B. Lukas, Surface buoyancy forcing and the mixed layer of the western Pacific warm pool: Observations and 1-D model results, J. Clim., 9, 3056-3085, 1996.
2. Baker, K. S., and R .C. Smith, Quasi-inherent characteristics of the diffuse attenuation coefficient for irradiance, Opt. Eng., 208, 60-63, 1980.
3. Baker, K. S., and R .C. Smith, Bio-optical classification and model in natural waters, II, Limnol. Oceanogr., 27, 500-509, 1982.
4. Bidigare, R. R., HPLC phytoplankton pigment methods, in Marine Particles: Analysis and Characterization, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 63, edited by D. C. Hurd and D. W. Spenser, AGU, Washington, D. C., 1991.
5. Brainerd, K. E., and M. C. Gregg, Turbulence and stratification on the Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere-Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment microstructure pilot cruise, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 10,437-10,455, 1997.
6. Cronin, M. F., and M. J. McPhaden, The upper ocean heat balance in the western equatorial Pacific warm pool during September-December 1992, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 8533-8553, 1997.
7. Dandonneau, Y., Surface chlorophyll concentration in the tropical Pacific Ocean: An analysis of data collected by merchant ships from 1978 to 1989, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 3581-3591, 1992.
8. Denman, K. L., A time-dependent model of the upper ocean, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 3, 173-184, 1973.
9. Dickey, T. D., and D. A. Siegel, Bio-optics in U.S. JGOFS, U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study, Plann. Rep. 18, Woods Hole, Mass., 1993.
10. Dickey, T. D., and J. J. Simpson, The influence of optical water type on the diurnal response of the upper ocean, Tellus Ser. B, 35, 142-154, 1983.
11. Esbensen, S. K., and Y. Kushnir, The heat budget of the global ocean: An atlas based on estimates from surface marine observations, Rep. 29, Clim. Res. Inst., Oreg. State Univ., Corvallis. 1981.
12. Gautier, C, G. R. Diak, and S. Masse, A simple model to estimate incident solar radiation at the sea surface, J. Appl. Meteorol., 19, 1005-1012, 1980.
13. Gent, P. R., The heat budget of the TOGA-COARE domain in an ocean model, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 3323-3330, 1991.
14. Godfrey, J. S., and E. J., Lindstrom, The heat budget of the equatorial western Pacific surface mixed layer, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 8007-8017, 1989.
15. Gordon, H. R., Can the Lamber-Beer law be applied to the diffuse attenuation coefficient of ocean water?, Limnol. Oceanogr., 34, 1389-1409, 1989.
16. Graham, N. E., and T. P. Barnett, Sea surface temperature, surface wind divergence, and convection over tropical oceans, Science, 238, 657-659, 1987.
17. Hayes, S. P., P. Chang, and M. J. McPhaden, Variability of the sea surface temperature in the eastern equatorial Pacific during 1986-1988, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 10,553-10,566, 1991.
18. Jerlov, N. G., Marine Optics, 229 pp., Elsevier, New York, 1976.
19. Kiefer, D. A., Fluorescence properties of natural phytoplankton populations, Mar. Biol., 22, 263-269, 1973.
20. Kiefer D. A., and R. A. Reynolds, Advances in understanding phytoplankton fluorescence, in Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea, edited by P. Falkowski and A. Woodhead, pp. 155-174, Plenum, New York, 1992.
21. Kirk, J. T. O., Light and Photosynthesis in Aquatic Ecosystems, 509 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1994.
22. Lewis, M. R., M. E. Carr, G. C. Feldman, W. Esaias, and C. McClain, Influence of penetrating solar radiation on the heat budget of the equatorial Pacific Ocean, Nature, 347, 543-545, 1990.
23. Lukas, R., and E. Lindstrom, The mixed layer of the western equatorial Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 3343-3357, 1991.
24. Martin, P., Simulation of the mixed layer at OWS November and Papa with several models, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 903-916, 1985.
25. McPhaden, M. J., and S. P. Hayes, On the variability of winds, sea surface temperature and surface layer heat content in the western equatorial Pacific, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 3331-3342, 1991.
26. Mobley, C. D., Light and Water, 592 pp., Academic, San Diego, Calif., 1994.
27. Morel, A., Optical modeling of the upper ocean in relation to its biogenous matter content (case I waters), J. Geophys. Res., 93, 10,749-10,768, 1988.
28. Morel, A., and D. Antoine, Heating rate within the upper ocean in relation to its bio-optical state, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 1652-1665, 1994.
29. Ohlmann, J. C., D. A. Siegel, and C. Gautier, Ocean mixed layer radiant heating and solar penetration: A global analysis, J. Clim., 9, 2265-2280, 1996.
30. Paulson, C. A., and J. J. Simpson, Irradiance measurements in the upper ocean, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 7, 953-956, 1977.
31. Payne, R. E., Albedo of the sea surface, J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 959-970, 1972.
32. Peters, H., M. C. Gregg, and T. B. Sanford, The diurnal cycle of the upper equatorial ocean: Turbulence, fine-scale shear, and mean shear, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 7707-7723, 1994.
33. Price, J. F., R . A. Weller, and R. Pinkel, Diurnal cycling: Observations and models of upper ocean response to diurnal heating, cooling, and wind-mixing, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 8411-8427, 1986.
34. Radenac, M., and M. Rodier, Nitrate and chlorophyll distributions in relation to thermohaline and current structures in the western tropical Pacific during 1985-1989, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 43, 725-752, 1996.
35. Ramanathan, V., B. Subasilar, G. J. Zhang, W. Conant, R. D. Cess, J. T. Kiehl, H. Grassl, and L. Shi, Warm pool heat budget and shortwave cloud forcing: A missing physics?, Science, 267, 499-503, 1995.
36. Rasmusson, E. M., and T. H. Carpenter, Variations in tropical sea surface temperature and surface wind fields associated with the Southern Oscillation/El Nino, Mon. Weath. Rev., 110, 354-384, 1982
37. Reed, R. K., An estimate of the climatological heat fluxes over the tropical Pacific ocean, J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 24, 833-840, 1985.
38. Sathyendranath, S., A. D. Gouveia, S. R. Shetye, P. Ravindran, and T. Platt, Biological control of surface temperature in the Arabian Sea, Nature, 349, 54-56, 1991.
39. Schneider, N., T. Barnett, M. Latif, and T. Stockdale, Warm pool physics in a coupled GCM, J. Clim., 9, 219-239, 1996.
40. Siegel, D. A., and T. D. Dickey, On the parameterization of irradiance for open ocean photoprocesses, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 14,648-14,662, 1987a.
41. Siegel, D. A., and T. D. Dickey, Observations of the vertical structure of the diffuse attenuation coefficient spectrum, Deep Sea Res., 34, 547-563, 1987b.
42. Siegel, D. A., and A. F. Michaels, Quantification of non-algal light attenuation in the Sargasso Sea: Implications for biogeochemistry and remote sensing, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 43, 321-345, 1996.
43. Siegel, D. A., J. C. Ohlmann, L. Washburn, R. R. Bidigare, C. Nosse, E. Fields, and Y. Zhou, Solar radiation, phytoplankton pigments, and radiant heating of the equatorial Pacific warm pool, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 4885-4891, 1995a.
44. Siegel, D. A., D. Konnoff, M. C. O'Brien, J. C. Sorensen, and E. Fields, BBOP Sampling and Data Processing Protocols, U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study, Plann. Rep. 19, Woods Hole, Mass., 1995b.
45. Siegel, D. A., T. Westberry, and J. C. Ohlmann, On the role of cloud color in ocean photoprocesses, J. Geophys. Res., in press, 1998.
46. Simonot, J. Y., and H. Le Treut, A climatological field of mean optical properties of the world ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 6642-6646, 1986.
47. Simpson, J. J., and T. D. Dickey, 1981: The relationship between downward irradiance and upper ocean structure, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 309-323, 1981.
48. Smith, R C., and K. S. Baker, Optical properties of the clearest natural waters, Appl. Opt., 20, 177-184, 1981.
49. Smith, R. C., C. R. Booth, and J. L. Star, Oceanographic bio-optical profiling system, Appl. Opt., 23, 2791-2797, 1984.
50. Smyth, W. D., D. Hebert, and J. N. Moum, Local ocean response to a multiphase westerly windburst, 1, Dynamic response, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 22,495-22,512, 1996a.
51. Smyth, W. D., D. Hebert, and J. N. Moum, Local ocean response to a multiphase westerly windburst, 2, Thermal and freshwater responses, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 22,513-22,533, 1996b.
52. Tyler, J. E., Natural water as a monochromator, Limnol. Oceanogr., 4, 102-105, 1959.
53. Weare, B. C., P. T. Strub, and M. D. Samual, Annual mean surface heat fluxes in the tropical Pacific Ocean, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 705-717, 1981.
54. Webster, P. J., and R. Lukas, TOGA COARE: The Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 73, 1377-1416, 1992.
55. Weller, R. A., and S. P. Anderson, Surface meteorology and air-sea fluxes in the western equatorial Pacific warm pool during the TOGA Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment, J. Clim., 9, 1959-1991, 1996.
56. Wijesekera, H. W., and M. C. Gregg, Surface layer response to weak winds, westerly bursts, and rain squalls in the western Pacific warm pool, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 977-997, 1996.
57. Woods, J. D., W. Barkmann, and A. Horch, Solar heating of the oceans: Diurnal, seasonal and meridional variation, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 110, 633-656, 1984.
58. Zaneveld, J. R., and R. W. Spinrad, An arc tangent model of irradiance in the sea, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 4919-4922, 1980.