Physiology of pain in labour

Bailliere's Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Volumn 12, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 347-362

  Rowlands, S ^a   Permezel, M ^a  

^a ROYAL WOMEN'S HOSPITAL   (Australia)

Author keywords

Dynorphin receptors; Labour; Nociception; Placental opioid enhancing factor; Pregnancy induced hypoalgesia; endorphin

Indexed keywords

BETA ENDORPHIN; NEUROTRANSMITTER; OPIATE RECEPTOR;

BRAIN; DELIVERY; FEMALE; HUMAN; LABOR; NOCICEPTION; PAIN; PAIN THRESHOLD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SPINAL CORD DORSAL HORN; SPINOTHALAMIC TRACT; UTERINE CERVIX DILATATION; UTERUS;

EID: 0031770256     PISSN: 09503552     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0950-3552(98)80071-0     Document Type: Article

References (86)

1. Bacigalupo G Riese S Rosendahl H Saline E Quantitative relationships between pain intensities during labour and beta-endorphin and cortisol concentrations in plasma. Decline of the hormone concentrations in the postpartum period Journal of Perinatal Medicine 18 1990 289 296
2. (supplement) Bonica JJ Peripheral mechanisms and pathways of parturition pain British Journal of Anaesthesia 51 1979 S3 S9
3. Bonica JJ The nature of pain in parturition VanZundert A Ostheimer GW Pain Relief and Anaesthesia in Obstetrics 1996 Churchill Livingstone New York 19 52
4. Bonica JJ Chadwick HS Labour pain Wall PD Melzack R Textbook of Pain 1989 Churchill Livingstone New York 482 489
5. Bridges RS Ronsheim PM Immunoreactive beta-endorphin concentrations in brain and plasma during pregnancy in rats: possible modulation by progesterone and estradiol Neuroendocrinology 45 1987 381 388
6. (supplement) Brownridge P The nature and consequences of childbirth pain European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Biology 59 1995 S9 S15
7. Casey ML Smith JW Nagai K Progesterone-related cyclic modulation of membrane metalloendopeptidase (enkephalinase) in human endometrium Journal of Biological Chemistry 266 1991 23041 23047
8. Cogan R Spinnato JA Pain and discomfort thresholds in late pregnancy Pain 27 1986 63 68
9. Dalby PL Ramanathan S Rudy TE Plasma and saliva substance P levels: the effects of acute pain in pregnant and non-pregnant women Pain 69 1997 263 267
10. Dawson-Basoa MB Ginzler AR 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone modulate an intrinsic opioid analgesic system Brain Research 601 1993 241 245
11. abstract S-07 Dawson-Basoa M Ginzler AR Does the analgesia of gestation require the coincident activation of multiple spinal opiate receptors? International Narcotics Research Conference 1994
12. Dawson-Basoa ME Ginzler AR Estrogen and progesterone activate spinal kappa-opiate receptor analgesic mechanisms Pain 64 1996 169 177
13. Dawson-Basoa MB Ginzler AR Nociceptin (Orphanin FQ) abolishes gestational and ovarian sex steroid-induced antinociception and induces hyperalgesia Brain Research 750 1997 48 52
14. (letter) Derbyshire SW Furedi A Do fetuses feel pain? ‘Fetal pain’ is a misnomer British Medical Journal 313 1996 795
15. (supplement) Eisenach JC Labour pain Pain 5 1990 S261
16. Facchinetti F Centini G Parrini D Opioid plasma levels during labour Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation 13 1982 155 163
17. Fridh G Kopare T Gaston-Johansson F Turner Norvell K Factors associated with more intense labour pain Research in Nursing 11 1988 117 124
18. Giannakoulopoulos X Sepulveda W Kourtis P Fetal plasma cortisol and B endorphin response to intrauterine needling Lancet 344 1994 77 81
19. Gibb DMF Arulkurmaran E Lun KC Rathan SS Characteristics of uterine activity in nulliparous labour British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 91 1984 220 227
20. Ginzler AR Endorphin-mediated increases in pain threshold during pregnancy Science 210 1980 193 195
21. Ginzler AR Endorphin-mediated increases in pain thresholds are elevated during pseudopregnancy Brain Research 507 1990 312 316
22. Ginzler AR Komisaruk BR Analgesia is produced by uterocervical mechanical stimulation in rats: roles of afferent nerves and implications for analgesia of pregnancy and parturition Brain Research 566 1991 299 302
23. Ginzler AR Peters LC Komisaruk BR Attenuation of pregnancy-induced analgesia by hypogastric neurectomy in rats Brain Research 227 1983 186 188
24. (letter) Glover V Fisk N Do fetuses feel pain? We don't know; better to err on the safe side from midgestation British Medical Journal 313 1996 796
25. (supplement) Irestedt L Lagercrantz H Belfrage P Causes and consequences of maternal and fetal sympatho-adrenal activation during parturition Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 118 1984 111S 115S
26. Jayaram A Singh P Carp H SCH 32615, an enkephalinase inhibitor, enhances pregnancy-induced analgesia in mice Anesthesia and Analgesia 80 1995 944 948
27. Jayaram A Singh P Noreuil T RB 101, a purported prodrug inhibitor of enkephalin metabolism, is antinociceptive in pregnant mice Anesthesia and Analgesia 84 1997 355 358
28. de Jong PR Johanson RB Baxen P Randomised trial comparing the upright and supine positions for the second stage of labour British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 104 1997 567 571
29. Jouppila P Jouppila R Hollmen A Koivula A Lumbar epidural analgesia to improve intervillous blood flow during labour in severe pre-eclampsia Obstetrics and Gynecology 59 1982 158 161
30. Komisaruk BR Larsson K Suppression of a spinal and a cranial nerve reflex by vaginal or rectal probing in rats Brain Research 35 1971 231 235
31. Kosterlitz HW Opioid peptides and their receptors Proceedings of the Royal Society of London (Biology) 225 1985 27 40
32. Kristal MB Enhancement of opioid-mediated analgesia: a solution to the enigma of placentophagia Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Review 15 1991 425 435
33. Kristal MB Thompson AC Grishkat HL Placenta ingestion enhances opiate analgesia in rats Physiology and Behavior 35 1985 481 486
34. Kristal MB Thompson AC Heller SB Komisaruk BR Placental ingestion enhances analgesia produced by vaginal/cervical stimulation in rats Physiology and Behavior 36 1986 1017 1020
35. Kristal MB Tarapacki JA Barton D Amniotic fluid ingestion enhances opioid-mediated but not non opioid-mediated analgesia Physiology and Behavior 47 1990 79 81
36. Kristal MB Thompson AC Abbott P Amniotic-fluid ingestion by parturient rats enhances pregnancy-mediated analgesia Life Sciences 46 1990 693 698
37. Lederman RP Lederman E Work AB McCann DS The relationship of maternal anxiety, plasma catecholamines and plasma cortisol to progress in labour American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 132 1978 396 400
38. Ledermen RP Ledermen E Work B McCann DS Anxiety and epinephrine in multiparous women in labour: relationship to duration of labour and fetal heart rate pattern American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 153 1985 870 877
39. (letter) Lloyd-Thomas AR Fitzgerald M Do fetuses feel pain? Reflex responses do not necessarily signify pain British Medical Journal 313 1996 797 798
40. Sept/Oct Lowe NK Parity and pain during parturition Obstetrics, Gynecology and Neonatal Nursing 1987 340 346
41. Lowe NK Explaining the pain of active labour: the importance of maternal confidence Research in Nursing Health 12 1989 237 245
42. Lyrenas S Nyberg F Willdeck-Lund G Endorphin activity in cerebrospinal fluid prior to elective Caesarean section and in early puerperium Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences 92 1987 37 45
43. Mahomed K Gulmezoglu AM Nikodem VC Labour experience, maternal mood and cortisol and catecholamine levels in low-risk primiparous women Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology 16 1995 181 186
44. Malmberg AB Yaksh TL Spinal nitric oxide synthesis inhibition blocks NMDA-induced thermal hyperalgesia and produces antinociception in the formalin test in rats Pain 54 1993 291 300
45. Maves TJ Gebhart GF Anti-nociception synergy between intrathecal morphine and lidocaine during visceral and somatic nociception in the rat Anesthesiology 76 1992 91 99
46. (letter) McCullagh P Do fetuses feel pain? Can fetal suffering be excluded beyond reasonable doubt? British Medical Journal 314 1997 302 303
47. Medina VM Dawson-Basoa ME Ginzler AR 17 β-estradiol and progesterone positively modulate spinal cord dynorphin: relevance to the analgesia of pregnancy Neuroendocrinology 58 1993 310 315
48. Meller ST Dkystra C Gobhart GF Production of endogenous nitric oxide and activation of soluble guanate cyclase are required for N -methyl- d -aspartate produced facilitation of the nociceptive tail-flick reflex European Journal of Pharmacology 214 1992 93 96
49. Melzack R The myth of painless childbirth Pain 19 1984 321 337
50. Melzack R Belanger E Labour pain: correlations with menstrual pain and acute lower back pain before and during pregnancy Pain 36 1989 225 229
51. Melzack R Belanger E Lacroix R Labour pain: effect of maternal position on front and back pain Journal of Pain Symptom Management 6 1991 476 478
52. Melzack R Taenzer P Feldman P Kinch RA Labour is still painful after prepared childbirth training Canadian Medical Association Journal 125 1981 357 363
53. Melzack R Kinch RA Dobkin P Severity of labour pain: influence of physical as well as psychological variables Canadian Medical Association Journal 130 1984 579 584
54. Molina FJ Sola PA Lopez E Pires C Pain in the first stage of labor: relationship to patients position Journal of Pain Symptom Management 13 1997 98 103
55. Moran JD von Bargen N Attitudinal and demographic factors influencing mother's choice of childbirth procedures American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 142 1982 846 850
56. Neumark J Hammerle AF Biegelmayer C Effects of epidural analgesia on plasma catecholamines and cortisol in parturition Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 29 1985 555 559
57. Niven CA Gijsbers KJ Do low levels of labour pain reflect low sensitivity to noxious stimulation? Social Science and Medicine 29 1989 585 588
58. Olofsson C Ekblom A Ekman-Ordeberg G Increased cerebrospinal fluid concentration of aspartate but decreased concentration of nitric oxide breakdown products in women experiencing visceral pain during active labour Neuroreport 8 1997 995 998
59. Pearson JF Davies P The effect of continuous lumbar epidural analgesia upon maternal acid base balance and arterial lactate concentration during the second stage of labour Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Commonwealth 80 1973 225 229
60. Pearson JF Davies P The effect of continuous lumbar epidural analgesia upon fetal acid-base status during the second stage of labour Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Commonwealth 81 1974 975 979
61. Peters LC Kristal MB Komisaruk BR Sensory innervation of the external and internal genitalia of the female rat Brain Research 408 1987 199 204
62. Price DD Harkins SW Baker C Sensory-affective relationships among different types of clinical and experimental pain Pain 28 1987 297 307
63. Ranta P Jouppila P Spalding M Jouppila R The effect of maternal obesity of labour and labour pain Anaesthesia 50 1995 322 326
64. Ranta P Jouppila P Spalding M Paracervical block—a viable alternative for labour pain relief? Acta Obstetrica Scandinavica 74 1995 122 126
65. Reading AE Cox DN Psychosocial predictors of labour pain Pain 22 1985 309 315
66. Romano GJ Harlan RE Shiverst BD Estrogen increases proenkephalin messenger ribonucleic acid levels in the ventromedial hypothalamus of the rat Molecular Endocrinology 2 1988 1320 1328
67. Sander HW Ginzler AR Spinal cord mediation of the opioid analgesia of pregnancy Brain Research 408 1987 389 393
68. Sander HW Kream RM Ginzler AR Spinal dynorphin involvement in the analgesia of pregnancy: effects of intrathecal dynorphin antisera European Journal of Pharmacology 159 1989 205 209
69. Sangoul F Fox GS Houle GL Effect of regional analgesia on maternal oxygen consumption during the first stage of labour American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 12 1975 1080 1083
70. Shnider SM Wright RG Levinon G Uterine blood flow and plasma norepinephrine changes during maternal stress in the pregnant ewe Anaesthesiology 50 1979 524 527
71. Stein CM Peripheral mechanisms of opioid analgesia Anesthesia and Analgesia 76 1993 182 191
72. Steinbrook RA Carr DB Datta S Dissociation of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid beta-endorphin like immunoactivity levels during pregnancy and parturition Anesthesia and Analgesia 61 1982 893 897
73. Tarapacki JA Thompson AC Kristal MB Gastric vagotomy blocks opioid analgesia enhancement produced by placental ingestion Physiological Behaviour 52 1992 179 182
74. Tarapacki JA Piech M Kristal MB Ingestion of amniotic fluid by postpartum rats enhances morphine antinociception without liability to maternal behaviour Physiology and Behavior 57 1993 209 212
75. Toniolo MV Whipple BH Komisaruk BR Spontaneous maternal analgesia during birth in rats Proceedings NIH Centennial MBRS-MARC Symposium vol. 15 1987 100
76. Tseng LF Collins KA Wang Q Differential ontogenesis of thermal and mechanical antinociception induced by morphine and beta-endorphin European Journal of Pharmacology 277 1995 71 76
77. Varrassi G Bazzaro C Edwards WT Effects of physical activity on maternal plasma beta-endorphin levels and perception of labour pain American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 160 1989 707 712
78. Viscomi CM Rathmell JP Pace NL Duration of intrathecal labour analgesia: early versus advanced labour Anesthesia and Analgesia 84 1997 1108 1112
79. Waldenstrom U Bergman V Vasell G The complexity of labour pain: experiences of 278 women Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology 17 1996 215 228
80. Ward ME Acute pain and the obstetric patient: recent developments in analgesia for labour and delivery International Anesthesiology Clinics 35 1997 83 103
81. Weisenberg M Caspi Z Cultural and educational influences on pain of childbirth Journal of Pain Symptom Management 4 1989 13 19
82. Westgren M Lindahl SGE Norden E Maternal and fetal endocrine stress response at vaginal delivery with and without epidural block Journal of Perinatal Medicine 14 1986 235 241
83. Whipple B Komisaruk BR Elevation of pain threshold by vaginal stimulation in women Pain 21 1985 357 367
84. Whipple B Josimovich JB Komisaruk BR Sensory thresholds during the antepartum, intrapartum and post partum periods International Journal of Nursing Studies 27 1990 213 221
85. Woolf CJ Chong MS Preemptive analgesia—treating postoperative pain by preventing the establishment of central sensitization Anesthesia and Analgesia 77 1993 362 379
86. Wuitchik M Bakal D Lipshitz J Relationships between pain, cognitive activity and epidural analgesia during labour Pain 41 1990 125 132