메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 157, Issue 11, 1998, Pages 869-880

Pathophysiology of meningococcal sepsis in children

Author keywords

Children; Meningococcal infection; Pathophysiology; Sepsis; Treatment

Indexed keywords

BACTERIUM LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; ENDOTOXIN; PROCOAGULANT;

EID: 0031765491     PISSN: 03406199     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s004310050958     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (54)

References (143)
  • 2
    • 0030940870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator restores perfusion in meningococcal purpura fulminans
    • Aiuto LT, Barone SR, Cohen PS, Boxer RA (1997) Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator restores perfusion in meningococcal purpura fulminans. Crit Care Med 25:1079-1082
    • (1997) Crit Care Med , vol.25 , pp. 1079-1082
    • Aiuto, L.T.1    Barone, S.R.2    Cohen, P.S.3    Boxer, R.A.4
  • 3
    • 0024421453 scopus 로고
    • Neutrophil-activating peptide-1/interleukin 8, a novel cytokine that activates neutrophils
    • Baggiolini M, Walz A, Kunkel SL (1989) Neutrophil-activating peptide-1/interleukin 8, a novel cytokine that activates neutrophils. J Clin Invest 84:1045-1049
    • (1989) J Clin Invest , vol.84 , pp. 1045-1049
    • Baggiolini, M.1    Walz, A.2    Kunkel, S.L.3
  • 4
    • 0024400598 scopus 로고
    • Hepatocyte-stimulating factor III shares structural and functional identity with leukemia-inhibitory factor
    • Baumann H, Wong GG (1989) Hepatocyte-stimulating factor III shares structural and functional identity with leukemia-inhibitory factor. J Immunol 143:1163-1167
    • (1989) J Immunol , vol.143 , pp. 1163-1167
    • Baumann, H.1    Wong, G.G.2
  • 5
    • 0028220195 scopus 로고
    • Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for refractorary septic shock in children
    • Beca J, Butt W (1994) Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for refractorary septic shock in children. Pediatrics 93:726-729
    • (1994) Pediatrics , vol.93 , pp. 726-729
    • Beca, J.1    Butt, W.2
  • 6
    • 13344277373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early haemodiafiltration in meningococcal septicaemia
    • Best C, Walsh J, Sinclair J, Beattie J (1996) Early haemodiafiltration in meningococcal septicaemia. Lancet 347:202
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.347 , pp. 202
    • Best, C.1    Walsh, J.2    Sinclair, J.3    Beattie, J.4
  • 7
    • 0026048714 scopus 로고
    • The pathogenesis of sepsis
    • Bone RC (1991) The pathogenesis of sepsis. Ann Intern Med 115:457-469
    • (1991) Ann Intern Med , vol.115 , pp. 457-469
    • Bone, R.C.1
  • 8
    • 0030888665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic influence on cytokine production in meningococcal disease
    • Booy R, Nadel S, Hibberd M, Newport MJ (1997) Genetic influence on cytokine production in meningococcal disease. Lancet 349:1176
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 1176
    • Booy, R.1    Nadel, S.2    Hibberd, M.3    Newport, M.J.4
  • 11
    • 0024362527 scopus 로고
    • Complement activation and endotoxin levels in systemic meningococcal disease
    • Brandtzaeg P, Mollnes TE, Kierulf P (1989) Complement activation and endotoxin levels in systemic meningococcal disease. J Infect Dis 160:58-65
    • (1989) J Infect Dis , vol.160 , pp. 58-65
    • Brandtzaeg, P.1    Mollnes, T.E.2    Kierulf, P.3
  • 12
    • 0024419991 scopus 로고
    • The quantitative association of plasma endotoxin, antithrombin, protein C, extrinsic pathway inhibitor and fibrinopeptide A in systemic meningococcal disease
    • Brandtzaeg P, Sandset PM, Joo GB, Ovstebo R, Abildgaard U, Kierulf P (1989) The quantitative association of plasma endotoxin, antithrombin, protein C, extrinsic pathway inhibitor and fibrinopeptide A in systemic meningococcal disease. Thromb Res 55:459-70
    • (1989) Thromb Res , vol.55 , pp. 459-470
    • Brandtzaeg, P.1    Sandset, P.M.2    Joo, G.B.3    Ovstebo, R.4    Abildgaard, U.5    Kierulf, P.6
  • 13
    • 0025165017 scopus 로고
    • Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and 2, alpha-2-antiplasmin, plasminogen, and endotoxin levels in systemic meningococcal disease
    • Brandtzaeg P, Joo GB, Brusletto B, Kierulf P (1990) Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and 2, alpha-2-antiplasmin, plasminogen, and endotoxin levels in systemic meningococcal disease. Thromb Res 57:271-278
    • (1990) Thromb Res , vol.57 , pp. 271-278
    • Brandtzaeg, P.1    Joo, G.B.2    Brusletto, B.3    Kierulf, P.4
  • 14
    • 0026706317 scopus 로고
    • Compartmentalization of lipopolysaccharide production correlates with clinical presentation in meningococcal disease
    • Brandtzaeg P, Ovsteboo R, Kierulf P (1992) Compartmentalization of lipopolysaccharide production correlates with clinical presentation in meningococcal disease. J Infect Dis 166:650-652
    • (1992) J Infect Dis , vol.166 , pp. 650-652
    • Brandtzaeg, P.1    Ovsteboo, R.2    Kierulf, P.3
  • 15
    • 0030041379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The excessive complement activation in fulminant meningococcal septicemia is predominantly caused by alternative pathway activation
    • Brandtzaeg P, Hogasen K, Kierulf P, Mollnes TE (1996) The excessive complement activation in fulminant meningococcal septicemia is predominantly caused by alternative pathway activation. J Infect Dis 173:647-655
    • (1996) J Infect Dis , vol.173 , pp. 647-655
    • Brandtzaeg, P.1    Hogasen, K.2    Kierulf, P.3    Mollnes, T.E.4
  • 16
    • 0028724185 scopus 로고
    • Participation of IFN-gamma in the pathogenesis of LPS lethality
    • Bucklin SE, Russell SW, Morrison DC (1994) Participation of IFN-gamma in the pathogenesis of LPS lethality. Prog Clin Biol Res 388:399-406
    • (1994) Prog Clin Biol Res , vol.388 , pp. 399-406
    • Bucklin, S.E.1    Russell, S.W.2    Morrison, D.C.3
  • 17
    • 0025266645 scopus 로고
    • Prognostic values of tumour necrosis factor/cachectin, interleukin-1, interferon-alpha, and interferon-gamma in the serum of patients with septic shock. Swiss-Dutch J5 Immunoglobulin Study Group
    • Calandra T, Baumgartner JD, Grau GE, Wu MM, Lambert PH, Schellekens J, Verhoef J, Glauser MP (1990) Prognostic values of tumour necrosis factor/cachectin, interleukin-1, interferon-alpha, and interferon-gamma in the serum of patients with septic shock. Swiss-Dutch J5 Immunoglobulin Study Group. J Infect Dis 161:982-987
    • (1990) J Infect Dis , vol.161 , pp. 982-987
    • Calandra, T.1    Baumgartner, J.D.2    Grau, G.E.3    Wu, M.M.4    Lambert, P.H.5    Schellekens, J.6    Verhoef, J.7    Glauser, M.P.8
  • 18
    • 0030042075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for refractory shock in fulminant meningococcal sepsis
    • Champion MP, Murdoch IA, Sajjanhar T, Marsh MJ (1996) Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for refractory shock in fulminant meningococcal sepsis. Lancet 374:201-202
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.374 , pp. 201-202
    • Champion, M.P.1    Murdoch, I.A.2    Sajjanhar, T.3    Marsh, M.J.4
  • 19
    • 0028214296 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-12: A bridge between innate resistance and adaptive immunity with a role in infection and acquired immunodeficiency
    • Chehimi J, Trinchieri G (1994) Interleukin-12: a bridge between innate resistance and adaptive immunity with a role in infection and acquired immunodeficiency. J Clin Immunol 14:149-161
    • (1994) J Clin Immunol , vol.14 , pp. 149-161
    • Chehimi, J.1    Trinchieri, G.2
  • 20
    • 0029835023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • INTERSEPT: An international, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial of monoclonal antibody to human tumour necrosis factor-alpha in patients with sepsis. International Sepsis Trial Study Group
    • Cohen J, Carlet J (1996) INTERSEPT: an international, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial of monoclonal antibody to human tumour necrosis factor-alpha in patients with sepsis. International Sepsis Trial Study Group. Crit Care Med 24:1431-1440
    • (1996) Crit Care Med , vol.24 , pp. 1431-1440
    • Cohen, J.1    Carlet, J.2
  • 21
    • 0025935279 scopus 로고
    • Vascular permeability factor: A unique regulator of blood vessel function
    • Connolly DT (1991) Vascular permeability factor: a unique regulator of blood vessel function. J Cell Biochem 47:219-223
    • (1991) J Cell Biochem , vol.47 , pp. 219-223
    • Connolly, D.T.1
  • 22
    • 0027240219 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin 10 (IL-10) inhibits human lymphocyte interferon gamma-production by suppressing natural killer cell stimulatory factor IL-12 synthesis in accessory cells
    • D' andrea A, Aste-Amezaga M, Valiante NM, Ma X, Kubin M, Trinchieri G (1993) Interleukin 10 (IL-10) inhibits human lymphocyte interferon gamma-production by suppressing natural killer cell stimulatory factor IL-12 synthesis in accessory cells. J Exp Med 178:1041-1048
    • (1993) J Exp Med , vol.178 , pp. 1041-1048
    • D' Andrea, A.1    Aste-Amezaga, M.2    Valiante, N.M.3    Ma, X.4    Kubin, M.5    Trinchieri, G.6
  • 24
    • 0026094306 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin 10 (IL-10) inhibits cytokine synthesis by-human monocytes: An autoregulatory role of IL-10 produced by monocytes
    • de Waal Malefyt R, Abrams J, Bennet B, Figdor CG, de Vries JE (1991) Interleukin 10 (IL-10) inhibits cytokine synthesis by-human monocytes: an autoregulatory role of IL-10 produced by monocytes. J Exp Med 174:1209-1220
    • (1991) J Exp Med , vol.174 , pp. 1209-1220
    • De Waal Malefyt, R.1    Abrams, J.2    Bennet, B.3    Figdor, C.G.4    De Vries, J.E.5
  • 25
    • 0026086504 scopus 로고
    • Complement deficiencies and meningococcal disease
    • Densen P (1991) Complement deficiencies and meningococcal disease. Clin Exp Immunol 86:57-62
    • (1991) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.86 , pp. 57-62
    • Densen, P.1
  • 26
    • 0029136001 scopus 로고
    • High levels of interleukin-10 during the initial phase of fulminant meningococcal septic shock
    • Derkx B, Marchant A, Goldman M, Bijlmer R, van Deventer S (1995) High levels of interleukin-10 during the initial phase of fulminant meningococcal septic shock. J Infect Dis 171:229-232
    • (1995) J Infect Dis , vol.171 , pp. 229-232
    • Derkx, B.1    Marchant, A.2    Goldman, M.3    Bijlmer, R.4    Van Deventer, S.5
  • 27
    • 0019919737 scopus 로고
    • The meningococcus and mechanisms of pathogenicity
    • DeVoe IW (1982) The meningococcus and mechanisms of pathogenicity. Microbiol Rev 46:162-190
    • (1982) Microbiol Rev , vol.46 , pp. 162-190
    • DeVoe, I.W.1
  • 30
    • 0028239555 scopus 로고
    • Recombinant human interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in the treatment of patients with sepsis syndrome. Results from a randomized, double blind, placebocontrolled trial
    • Fisher JC, Dhainaut JF, Opal SM (1994) Recombinant human interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in the treatment of patients with sepsis syndrome. Results from a randomized, double blind, placebocontrolled trial. JAMA 271:1836-1843
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.271 , pp. 1836-1843
    • Fisher, J.C.1    Dhainaut, J.F.2    Opal, S.M.3
  • 31
    • 0025071513 scopus 로고
    • Meningococcemia and purpura fulminans in adults: Acute deficiencies of proteins C and S and early treatment with antithrombin III concentrates
    • Fourrier F, Lestavel P, Chopin C, Marey A, Goudemand J, Rime A, Mangalaboyi J (1990) Meningococcemia and purpura fulminans in adults: acute deficiencies of proteins C and S and early treatment with antithrombin III concentrates. Intensive Care Med 16:121-124
    • (1990) Intensive Care Med , vol.16 , pp. 121-124
    • Fourrier, F.1    Lestavel, P.2    Chopin, C.3    Marey, A.4    Goudemand, J.5    Rime, A.6    Mangalaboyi, J.7
  • 32
    • 0026534242 scopus 로고
    • Septic shock, multiple organ failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Compared patterns of antithrombin III, protein C, and protein S deficiencies
    • Fourrier F, Chopin C, Goudemand J, Hendrycx S, Caron C, Rime A, Marey A, Lestavel P (1992) Septic shock, multiple organ failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Compared patterns of antithrombin III, protein C, and protein S deficiencies . Chest 101:816-823
    • (1992) Chest , vol.101 , pp. 816-823
    • Fourrier, F.1    Chopin, C.2    Goudemand, J.3    Hendrycx, S.4    Caron, C.5    Rime, A.6    Marey, A.7    Lestavel, P.8
  • 33
    • 0027171963 scopus 로고
    • Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of antithrombin III concentrates in septic shock with disseminated intravascular coagulation
    • Fourrier F, Chopin C, Huart JJ, Runge I, Caron C, Goudemand J (1993) Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of antithrombin III concentrates in septic shock with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Chest 104:882-888
    • (1993) Chest , vol.104 , pp. 882-888
    • Fourrier, F.1    Chopin, C.2    Huart, J.J.3    Runge, I.4    Caron, C.5    Goudemand, J.6
  • 34
    • 0023402551 scopus 로고
    • The function of antibody and complement in the lysis of bacteria
    • Frank MM, Joiner K, Hammer C (1987) The function of antibody and complement in the lysis of bacteria. Rev Infect Dis 9:S537-S545
    • (1987) Rev Infect Dis , vol.9
    • Frank, M.M.1    Joiner, K.2    Hammer, C.3
  • 35
    • 0025781819 scopus 로고
    • The role of complement in inflammation and phagocytosis
    • Frank MM, Fries LF (1991) The role of complement in inflammation and phagocytosis. Immunol Today 12:322-326
    • (1991) Immunol Today , vol.12 , pp. 322-326
    • Frank, M.M.1    Fries, L.F.2
  • 40
    • 0029038728 scopus 로고
    • Plasma levels of cytokines in primary septic shock in humans: Correlation with disease severity
    • Gardlund B, Sjolin J, Nilsson A, Roll M, Wickerts CJ, Wretlind B (1995) Plasma levels of cytokines in primary septic shock in humans: correlation with disease severity. J Infect Dis 172:296-301
    • (1995) J Infect Dis , vol.172 , pp. 296-301
    • Gardlund, B.1    Sjolin, J.2    Nilsson, A.3    Roll, M.4    Wickerts, C.J.5    Wretlind, B.6
  • 42
    • 0015618234 scopus 로고
    • Meningococcal purpura: Report of 19 patients treated with heparin
    • Gerard P, Moriau M, Bachy A, Malvaux P, Meyer Rd (1973) Meningococcal purpura: report of 19 patients treated with heparin. J Pediatr 82:780-786
    • (1973) J Pediatr , vol.82 , pp. 780-786
    • Gerard, P.1    Moriau, M.2    Bachy, A.3    Malvaux, P.4    Meyer, Rd.5
  • 43
    • 0027397621 scopus 로고
    • Severe acquired protein C deficiency in purpura fulminans associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation: Treatment with protein C concentrate
    • Gerson WT, Dickerman JD, Bovill EG, Golden E (1993) Severe acquired protein C deficiency in purpura fulminans associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation: treatment with protein C concentrate. Pediatrics 91:418-422
    • (1993) Pediatrics , vol.91 , pp. 418-422
    • Gerson, W.T.1    Dickerman, J.D.2    Bovill, E.G.3    Golden, E.4
  • 44
    • 0023749693 scopus 로고
    • Tumour necrosis factor and interleukin-1 in the serum of children with severe infectious purpura
    • Girardin E, Grau GE, Dayer JM, Roux-Lombard P, Lambert PH (1988) Tumour necrosis factor and interleukin-1 in the serum of children with severe infectious purpura. New Engl J Med 319:397-400
    • (1988) New Engl J Med , vol.319 , pp. 397-400
    • Girardin, E.1    Grau, G.E.2    Dayer, J.M.3    Roux-Lombard, P.4    Lambert, P.H.5
  • 45
    • 0031583752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary evaluation of recombinant amino-terminal fragment of human bactericidal permeability-increasing protein in children with severe meningococcal sepsis
    • Giroir BP, Quint PA, Barton P, Kirsch EA, Kitchen L, Goldstein B, Nelson BJ, Wedel NI, Carroll SF, Scannon PJ (1997) Preliminary evaluation of recombinant amino-terminal fragment of human bactericidal permeability-increasing protein in children with severe meningococcal sepsis. Lancet 350:1439-1443
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.350 , pp. 1439-1443
    • Giroir, B.P.1    Quint, P.A.2    Barton, P.3    Kirsch, E.A.4    Kitchen, L.5    Goldstein, B.6    Nelson, B.J.7    Wedel, N.I.8    Carroll, S.F.9    Scannon, P.J.10
  • 46
    • 0027507615 scopus 로고
    • Interactions between neutrophils and endothelial cells
    • Godin C, Caprani A, Dufaux J, Flaud P (1993) Interactions between neutrophils and endothelial cells. J Cell Sci 106:441-451
    • (1993) J Cell Sci , vol.106 , pp. 441-451
    • Godin, C.1    Caprani, A.2    Dufaux, J.3    Flaud, P.4
  • 48
    • 2542595553 scopus 로고
    • Host factors in pathogenesis: The complementsystem potential pathogenic role in sepsis
    • Root RK, Sande MA (eds) Churchill Livingstone, New York
    • Goldstein IM (1985) Host factors in pathogenesis: the complementsystem potential pathogenic role in sepsis. In: Root RK, Sande MA (eds) Septic shock. Churchill Livingstone, New York
    • (1985) Septic Shock
    • Goldstein, I.M.1
  • 49
    • 0027226353 scopus 로고
    • Cl-inhibitor substitution therapy in septic shock and in the vascular leak syndrome induced by high doses of interleukin-2
    • Hack CE, Ogilvie AC, Eisele B, Eerenberg AJ, Wagstaff J, Thijs LG (1993) Cl-inhibitor substitution therapy in septic shock and in the vascular leak syndrome induced by high doses of interleukin-2. Intensive Care Med 19:S19-S28
    • (1993) Intensive Care Med , vol.19
    • Hack, C.E.1    Ogilvie, A.C.2    Eisele, B.3    Eerenberg, A.J.4    Wagstaff, J.5    Thijs, L.G.6
  • 51
    • 0025090039 scopus 로고
    • GMP-140 mediates adhesion of stimulated platelets to neutrophils
    • Hamburger SA, McEver RP (1990) GMP-140 mediates adhesion of stimulated platelets to neutrophils. Blood 75:550-554
    • (1990) Blood , vol.75 , pp. 550-554
    • Hamburger, S.A.1    McEver, R.P.2
  • 52
    • 0020558727 scopus 로고
    • Heparin for infants and children with meningococcal septicemia. Results of a randomized therapeuticc trial
    • Haneberg B, Gutteberg TJ, Moe PJ, Osterud B, Bjorvatn B, Lehmann EH (1983) Heparin for infants and children with meningococcal septicemia. Results of a randomized therapeuticc trial NIPH Ann 6:43-47
    • (1983) NIPH Ann , vol.6 , pp. 43-47
    • Haneberg, B.1    Gutteberg, T.J.2    Moe, P.J.3    Osterud, B.4    Bjorvatn, B.5    Lehmann, E.H.6
  • 54
    • 0015623372 scopus 로고
    • Heparin therapy in acute meningococcemia
    • Hathaway WW (1973) Heparin therapy in acute meningococcemia. J Pediatr 82:900-901
    • (1973) J Pediatr , vol.82 , pp. 900-901
    • Hathaway, W.W.1
  • 60
    • 0025134961 scopus 로고
    • The role of IFN-gamma in the pathology of experimental endotoxemia
    • Heinzel FP (1990) The role of IFN-gamma in the pathology of experimental endotoxemia. J Immunol 145:2920-2924
    • (1990) J Immunol , vol.145 , pp. 2920-2924
    • Heinzel, F.P.1
  • 61
    • 0028085437 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin 12 is produced in vivo during endotoxemia and stimulates synthesis of gamma interferon
    • Heinzel FP, Rerko RM, Ling P, Hakimi J, Schoenhaut DS (1994) Interleukin 12 is produced in vivo during endotoxemia and stimulates synthesis of gamma interferon. Infect Immun 62:4244-4249
    • (1994) Infect Immun , vol.62 , pp. 4244-4249
    • Heinzel, F.P.1    Rerko, R.M.2    Ling, P.3    Hakimi, J.4    Schoenhaut, D.S.5
  • 62
    • 0024334658 scopus 로고
    • Coagulation, Fibrinolysis, and kallikrein systems in sepsis: Relation to outcome
    • Hesselvik JF, Blombäck M, Brodin B, Maller R (1989) Coagulation, Fibrinolysis, and kallikrein systems in sepsis: relation to outcome. Crit Care Med 17:724-733
    • (1989) Crit Care Med , vol.17 , pp. 724-733
    • Hesselvik, J.F.1    Blombäck, M.2    Brodin, B.3    Maller, R.4
  • 63
  • 64
    • 0022495286 scopus 로고
    • Aggregation human platelets cause direct contraction and endothelium-dependent relaxation of isolated canin coronary arteries: Role of serotonin, thromboxane A2, and adenine nucleotides
    • Houston DS, Shepherd JT, Vanhoutte PM (1986) Aggregation human platelets cause direct contraction and endothelium-dependent relaxation of isolated canin coronary arteries: role of serotonin, thromboxane A2, and adenine nucleotides. J Clin Invest 78:539-544
    • (1986) J Clin Invest , vol.78 , pp. 539-544
    • Houston, D.S.1    Shepherd, J.T.2    Vanhoutte, P.M.3
  • 66
    • 0025728881 scopus 로고
    • Tissue plasminogen activator for gangrene in fulminant meningococcaemia
    • Keeley SR, Matthews NT, Buist M (1991) Tissue plasminogen activator for gangrene in fulminant meningococcaemia. Lancet 337:1359
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.337 , pp. 1359
    • Keeley, S.R.1    Matthews, N.T.2    Buist, M.3
  • 67
    • 0026737738 scopus 로고
    • Alteration in glycosaminoglycan metabolism and surface charge on human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by cytokines, endotoxin and neutrophils
    • Klein NJ, Shennan GI, Heyderman RS, Levin M (1992) Alteration in glycosaminoglycan metabolism and surface charge on human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by cytokines, endotoxin and neutrophils. J Cell Sci 102:821-832
    • (1992) J Cell Sci , vol.102 , pp. 821-832
    • Klein, N.J.1    Shennan, G.I.2    Heyderman, R.S.3    Levin, M.4
  • 69
    • 0028071638 scopus 로고
    • Role of endothelin and tumour necrosis factor in the renal response to sepsis
    • Kohan DE (1994) Role of endothelin and tumour necrosis factor in the renal response to sepsis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 9:73-77
    • (1994) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.9 , pp. 73-77
    • Kohan, D.E.1
  • 72
    • 0009813811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Septic myocardial dysfunction: Role of cytokines and nitric oxide
    • Vincent JL (ed) Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
    • Kumar A, Parillo JE (1997) Septic myocardial dysfunction: role of cytokines and nitric oxide. In: Vincent JL (ed) Yearbook of intensive care and emergency medicine. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
    • (1997) Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine
    • Kumar, A.1    Parillo, J.E.2
  • 73
    • 0029975877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumour necrosis factor alpha and inlerleukin 1 beta are responsible for in vitro myocardial cell depression induced by human septic shock serum
    • Kumar A, Thota V, Dee L, Olson J, Uretz F, Parillo JE (1996) Tumour necrosis factor alpha and inlerleukin 1 beta are responsible for in vitro myocardial cell depression induced by human septic shock serum. J Exp Med 183:949-958
    • (1996) J Exp Med , vol.183 , pp. 949-958
    • Kumar, A.1    Thota, V.2    Dee, L.3    Olson, J.4    Uretz, F.5    Parillo, J.E.6
  • 74
    • 0028004139 scopus 로고
    • The role of heparin in the prevention of extremity and digit necrosis in meningococcal purpura fulminans
    • Klippermann N, Inkelis SH, Saladino R (1994) The role of heparin in the prevention of extremity and digit necrosis in meningococcal purpura fulminans. Pediatr Infect Dis J 13:867-873
    • (1994) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.13 , pp. 867-873
    • Klippermann, N.1    Inkelis, S.H.2    Saladino, R.3
  • 75
    • 0027423562 scopus 로고
    • Endothelial cell-to-cell junctions. Structural characteristics and functional role in the regulation of vascular permeability and leukocyte extravasation
    • Lampugnani MG, Caveda L, Breviario F, Del Maschio A, Dejana E (1993) Endothelial cell-to-cell junctions. Structural characteristics and functional role in the regulation of vascular permeability and leukocyte extravasation. Baillieres Clin Haematol 6:539-558
    • (1993) Baillieres Clin Haematol , vol.6 , pp. 539-558
    • Lampugnani, M.G.1    Caveda, L.2    Breviario, F.3    Del Maschio, A.4    Dejana, E.5
  • 76
    • 0028299220 scopus 로고
    • Adherence of neutrophils induces release of soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor forms
    • Lantz M, Bjornberg F, Olsson I, Richter J (1994) Adherence of neutrophils induces release of soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor forms. J Immunol 152:1362-1369
    • (1994) J Immunol , vol.152 , pp. 1362-1369
    • Lantz, M.1    Bjornberg, F.2    Olsson, I.3    Richter, J.4
  • 78
    • 0028256029 scopus 로고
    • Slow release of soluble TNF receptors by monocytes in vitro
    • Leeuwenberg JF, Jeunhomme TM, Buurman WA (1994) Slow release of soluble TNF receptors by monocytes in vitro. J Immunol 152:4036-4043
    • (1994) J Immunol , vol.152 , pp. 4036-4043
    • Leeuwenberg, J.F.1    Jeunhomme, T.M.2    Buurman, W.A.3
  • 79
    • 0023154954 scopus 로고
    • Interaction between myocardial depressant factor and vasoactive mediators with ischemia and shock
    • Lefer AM (1987) Interaction between myocardial depressant factor and vasoactive mediators with ischemia and shock. Am J Physiol 252:R193-R205
    • (1987) Am J Physiol , vol.252
    • Lefer, A.M.1
  • 80
    • 0029031831 scopus 로고
    • High levels of interleukin 10 in serum are associated with fatality in meningococcal disease
    • Lehmann AK, Halstensen A, Sornes S, Rokke O, Waage A (1995) High levels of interleukin 10 in serum are associated with fatality in meningococcal disease. Infect Immun 63:2109-2112
    • (1995) Infect Immun , vol.63 , pp. 2109-2112
    • Lehmann, A.K.1    Halstensen, A.2    Sornes, S.3    Rokke, O.4    Waage, A.5
  • 81
    • 0015959221 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of the first (C1), the second (C2) and the fourth (C4) component of complement with different preparations of bacterial lipopolysaccharides and with lipid A
    • Loos M, Bitter-Suermann D, Dierich M (1974) Interaction of the first (C1), the second (C2) and the fourth (C4) component of complement with different preparations of bacterial lipopolysaccharides and with lipid A. J Immunol 112:935-940
    • (1974) J Immunol , vol.112 , pp. 935-940
    • Loos, M.1    Bitter-Suermann, D.2    Dierich, M.3
  • 83
    • 0343117337 scopus 로고
    • Disseminated intravascular coagulation and other hypercoagulable syndromes
    • Manco-Johnson MJ (1994) Disseminated intravascular coagulation and other hypercoagulable syndromes. Int J Ped Hematol Oncol 1:1-23
    • (1994) Int J Ped Hematol Oncol , vol.1 , pp. 1-23
    • Manco-Johnson, M.J.1
  • 84
    • 0026599845 scopus 로고
    • The role of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein as a natural inhibitor of bacterial endotoxin
    • Marra MN, Wilde CG, Collins MS, Snable JL, Thornton MB, Scott RW (1992) The role of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein as a natural inhibitor of bacterial endotoxin. J Immunol 148:532-537
    • (1992) J Immunol , vol.148 , pp. 532-537
    • Marra, M.N.1    Wilde, C.G.2    Collins, M.S.3    Snable, J.L.4    Thornton, M.B.5    Scott, R.W.6
  • 85
    • 0026740630 scopus 로고
    • Plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein. A key component in macrophage recognition of gram-negative LPS
    • Mathison JC, Tobias PS, Wolfson E, Ulevitch RJ (1992) Plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein. A key component in macrophage recognition of gram-negative LPS. J Immunol 149:200-206
    • (1992) J Immunol , vol.149 , pp. 200-206
    • Mathison, J.C.1    Tobias, P.S.2    Wolfson, E.3    Ulevitch, R.J.4
  • 86
    • 0028557981 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of septic shock with human monoclonal antibody HA-1A. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. CHESS Trial Study Group
    • McCloskey RV, Straube RC, Sanders C, Smith SM, Smith CR (1994) Treatment of septic shock with human monoclonal antibody HA-1A. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. CHESS Trial Study Group. Ann Intern Med 121:1-5
    • (1994) Ann Intern Med , vol.121 , pp. 1-5
    • McCloskey, R.V.1    Straube, R.C.2    Sanders, C.3    Smith, S.M.4    Smith, C.R.5
  • 89
    • 0017331146 scopus 로고
    • Activation of the classical and properdin pathways of complement by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
    • Morrison DC, Kline LF (1977) Activation of the classical and properdin pathways of complement by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). J Immunol 118:362-368
    • (1977) J Immunol , vol.118 , pp. 362-368
    • Morrison, D.C.1    Kline, L.F.2
  • 90
    • 0029815192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in the tumour necrosis factor-alpha gene promoter region may be associated with death from meningococcal disease
    • Nadel S, Newport MJ, Booy R, Levin M (1996) Variation in the tumour necrosis factor-alpha gene promoter region may be associated with death from meningococcal disease. J Infect Dis 174:878-880
    • (1996) J Infect Dis , vol.174 , pp. 878-880
    • Nadel, S.1    Newport, M.J.2    Booy, R.3    Levin, M.4
  • 95
    • 0025225333 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist reduces mortality from endotoxin shock
    • Ohlsson K, Bjork P, Bergenfeldt M, Hageman R, Thompson RC (1990) Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist reduces mortality from endotoxin shock. Nature 348:550-552
    • (1990) Nature , vol.348 , pp. 550-552
    • Ohlsson, K.1    Bjork, P.2    Bergenfeldt, M.3    Hageman, R.4    Thompson, R.C.5
  • 96
    • 0030877935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confirmatory interluekin-1 receptor antagonist tria in severe sepsis: A phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial
    • Opal S, Fischer CJ, Dhainaut J, et al (1997) Confirmatory interluekin-1 receptor antagonist tria in severe sepsis: a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Crit Care Med 25:1115-1124
    • (1997) Crit Care Med , vol.25 , pp. 1115-1124
    • Opal, S.1    Fischer, C.J.2    Dhainaut, J.3
  • 97
    • 0020658537 scopus 로고
    • Increased tissue thromboplastin activity in monocytes of patients with meningococcal infection: Related to an unfavourable prognosis
    • Osterud B, Flaegstad T (1983) Increased tissue thromboplastin activity in monocytes of patients with meningococcal infection: related to an unfavourable prognosis. Thromb Haemost 49:5-7
    • (1983) Thromb Haemost , vol.49 , pp. 5-7
    • Osterud, B.1    Flaegstad, T.2
  • 98
    • 0022409016 scopus 로고
    • A circulating myocardial depressant substance in humans with septic shock. Septic shock patients with a reduced ejection fraction have a circulating factor that depresses in vitro myocardial cell performance
    • Parrillo JE, Burch C, Shelhamer JH, Parker MM, Natanson C, Schuette W (1985) A circulating myocardial depressant substance in humans with septic shock. Septic shock patients with a reduced ejection fraction have a circulating factor that depresses in vitro myocardial cell performance. J Clin Invest 76:1539-1553
    • (1985) J Clin Invest , vol.76 , pp. 1539-1553
    • Parrillo, J.E.1    Burch, C.2    Shelhamer, J.H.3    Parker, M.M.4    Natanson, C.5    Schuette, W.6
  • 101
    • 0026782940 scopus 로고
    • Editorial response: Blood exchange and plasmapheresis in sepsis and septic shock
    • Pollack M (1992) Editorial response: blood exchange and plasmapheresis in sepsis and septic shock. Clin Infect Dis 15:431-433
    • (1992) Clin Infect Dis , vol.15 , pp. 431-433
    • Pollack, M.1
  • 102
    • 0023184343 scopus 로고
    • Purpura fulminans in meningococcemia: Association with acquired deficiencies of protein C and S
    • Powars DR, Rogers ZR, Patch MJ, McGehee WG, Francis RB (1987) Purpura fulminans in meningococcemia: association with acquired deficiencies of protein C and S. N Engl J Med 317:571-572
    • (1987) N Engl J Med , vol.317 , pp. 571-572
    • Powars, D.R.1    Rogers, Z.R.2    Patch, M.J.3    McGehee, W.G.4    Francis, R.B.5
  • 105
    • 0029060428 scopus 로고
    • Blood filtration in children with severe sepsis: Safe adjunctive therapy
    • Reeves JH, Butt WW (1994) Blood filtration in children with severe sepsis: safe adjunctive therapy. Intensive Care Med 21:500-504
    • (1994) Intensive Care Med , vol.21 , pp. 500-504
    • Reeves, J.H.1    Butt, W.W.2
  • 107
    • 0028958909 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of purpura fulminans in meningococcemia with protein C concentrate
    • Rivard GE, David M, Farrell C, Schwarz HP (1995) Treatment of purpura fulminans in meningococcemia with protein C concentrate. J Pediatr 126:646-652
    • (1995) J Pediatr , vol.126 , pp. 646-652
    • Rivard, G.E.1    David, M.2    Farrell, C.3    Schwarz, H.P.4
  • 108
    • 0026722731 scopus 로고
    • Lipoxin generation by permeabilized human platelets
    • Romano M, Serhan CN (1992) Lipoxin generation by permeabilized human platelets. Biochem 31:8269-8277
    • (1992) Biochem , vol.31 , pp. 8269-8277
    • Romano, M.1    Serhan, C.N.2
  • 109
    • 0023219190 scopus 로고
    • Killing of Neisseria meningitidis by human neutrophils: Implications for normal and complement-deficient individuals
    • Ross SC, Rosenthal PJ, Berberich HM, Densen P (1987) Killing of Neisseria meningitidis by human neutrophils: implications for normal and complement-deficient individuals. J Infect Dis 155:1266-1275
    • (1987) J Infect Dis , vol.155 , pp. 1266-1275
    • Ross, S.C.1    Rosenthal, P.J.2    Berberich, H.M.3    Densen, P.4
  • 110
    • 0027400028 scopus 로고
    • The acute phase host reaction during bacterial infection and its clinical impact in children
    • Saez-Llorens X, Lagrutta F (1993) The acute phase host reaction during bacterial infection and its clinical impact in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 12:83-87
    • (1993) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.12 , pp. 83-87
    • Saez-Llorens, X.1    Lagrutta, F.2
  • 111
    • 0027364109 scopus 로고
    • Sepsis syndrome and septic shock in pediatrics: Current concepts of terminology, pathophysiology, and management
    • Saez-Llorens X, McCracken GH Jr (1993) Sepsis syndrome and septic shock in pediatrics: current concepts of terminology, pathophysiology, and management. J Pediatr 123:497-508
    • (1993) J Pediatr , vol.123 , pp. 497-508
    • Saez-Llorens, X.1    McCracken Jr., G.H.2
  • 112
    • 0031590612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of protein-C concentrate, heparin and heamodiafiltration in meningococcus-induced purpura fulminans
    • Smith OP, White B, Vaughan D, Rafferty M, Claffey L, Lyons B, Casey W (1997) Use of protein-C concentrate, heparin and heamodiafiltration in meningococcus-induced purpura fulminans. Lancet 350:1590-1593
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.350 , pp. 1590-1593
    • Smith, O.P.1    White, B.2    Vaughan, D.3    Rafferty, M.4    Claffey, L.5    Lyons, B.6    Casey, W.7
  • 113
    • 0029922017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genomic polymorphism within the tumour necrosis factor locus influences plasma tumour necrosis factor-alpha concentrations and outcome of patients with severe sepsis
    • Stuber F, Petersen M, Bokelmann F, Schade U (1996) A genomic polymorphism within the tumour necrosis factor locus influences plasma tumour necrosis factor-alpha concentrations and outcome of patients with severe sepsis [see comments]. Crit Care Med 24:381-384
    • (1996) Crit Care Med , vol.24 , pp. 381-384
    • Stuber, F.1    Petersen, M.2    Bokelmann, F.3    Schade, U.4
  • 114
    • 0028181259 scopus 로고
    • Relationships between plasma levels of type-II phospholipase A2, PAF-acetylhydrolase, leukotriene B4. complements, endothelin-1, and thrombomodulin in patients with sepsis
    • Takakuwa T, Endo S, Nakae H, Suzuki T, Inada K, Yoshida M, Ogawa M, Uchida K (1994) Relationships between plasma levels of type-II phospholipase A2, PAF-acetylhydrolase, leukotriene B4. complements, endothelin-1, and thrombomodulin in patients with sepsis. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 84:271-281
    • (1994) Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol , vol.84 , pp. 271-281
    • Takakuwa, T.1    Endo, S.2    Nakae, H.3    Suzuki, T.4    Inada, K.5    Yoshida, M.6    Ogawa, M.7    Uchida, K.8
  • 116
    • 0023806220 scopus 로고
    • Endotoxin interactions with serum proteins relationship to biological activity
    • Tesh VL, Vukajlovich SW, Morrison DC (1988) Endotoxin interactions with serum proteins relationship to biological activity. Prog Clin Biol Res 272:47-62
    • (1988) Prog Clin Biol Res , vol.272 , pp. 47-62
    • Tesh, V.L.1    Vukajlovich, S.W.2    Morrison, D.C.3
  • 117
    • 7844229919 scopus 로고
    • Role of the complement cascade in severe sepsis
    • Lamy M, Thijs LG (eds) Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
    • Thijs LG, Hack CH (1992) Role of the complement cascade in severe sepsis. In: Lamy M, Thijs LG (eds) Mediators of sepsis. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
    • (1992) Mediators of Sepsis
    • Thijs, L.G.1    Hack, C.H.2
  • 118
    • 0028043326 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-12: A cytokine produced by antigen-presenting cells with immunoregulatory functions in the generation of T-helper cells type 1 and cytotoxic lymphocytes
    • Trinchieri G (1994) Interleukin-12: a cytokine produced by antigen-presenting cells with immunoregulatory functions in the generation of T-helper cells type 1 and cytotoxic lymphocytes. Blood 84:4008-4027
    • (1994) Blood , vol.84 , pp. 4008-4027
    • Trinchieri, G.1
  • 119
    • 0028970060 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-12: A proinflammatory cylokine with immunoregulatory functions that bridge innate resistance and antigen-specific adaptive immunity
    • Trinchieri G (1995) Interleukin-12: a proinflammatory cylokine with immunoregulatory functions that bridge innate resistance and antigen-specific adaptive immunity. Annu Rev Immunol 13:251-276
    • (1995) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.13 , pp. 251-276
    • Trinchieri, G.1
  • 120
    • 0028139174 scopus 로고
    • The role of interleukin 12 in the immune response, disease and therapy
    • Trinchieri G, Scott P (1994) The role of interleukin 12 in the immune response, disease and therapy. Immunol Today 15:460-463
    • (1994) Immunol Today , vol.15 , pp. 460-463
    • Trinchieri, G.1    Scott, P.2
  • 123
    • 0026741275 scopus 로고
    • Tumour necrosis factor soluble receptors circulate during experimental and clinical inflammation and can protect against excessive tumour necrosis factor-alpha in vitro and vivo
    • van Zee KJ, Kohno T, Fischer E, Rock C, Moldawer LL, Lowry SF (1992) Tumour necrosis factor soluble receptors circulate during experimental and clinical inflammation and can protect against excessive tumour necrosis factor-alpha in vitro and vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:4845-4849
    • (1992) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.89 , pp. 4845-4849
    • Van Zee, K.J.1    Kohno, T.2    Fischer, E.3    Rock, C.4    Moldawer, L.L.5    Lowry, S.F.6
  • 124
    • 0028182476 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of neutrophil-dependent and neutrophil-mdependent endothelial cell injury
    • Varani J, Ward PA (1994) Mechanisms of neutrophil-dependent and neutrophil-mdependent endothelial cell injury. Biol Signals 3:1-14
    • (1994) Biol Signals , vol.3 , pp. 1-14
    • Varani, J.1    Ward, P.A.2
  • 125
    • 0027531917 scopus 로고
    • Meningococcal lipopolysaccharides: Virulence factor and potential vaccine component
    • Verheul AF, Snippe H, Poolman JT (1993) Meningococcal lipopolysaccharides: virulence factor and potential vaccine component. Microbiol Rev 57:34-49
    • (1993) Microbiol Rev , vol.57 , pp. 34-49
    • Verheul, A.F.1    Snippe, H.2    Poolman, J.T.3
  • 126
    • 0000930886 scopus 로고
    • Memoire sur la maladie qui a regné à Genève au printemps de 1805
    • Vieusseux M (1805) Memoire sur la maladie qui a regné à Genève au printemps de 1805. J Med Chir Pharm 11:163-182
    • (1805) J Med Chir Pharm , vol.11 , pp. 163-182
    • Vieusseux, M.1
  • 128
    • 0025262314 scopus 로고
    • Activation and inhibition of fibrinolysis in septic patients in an internal intensive care unit
    • Voss R, Matthias FR, Borkowski G, Reitz D (1990) Activation and inhibition of fibrinolysis in septic patients in an internal intensive care unit. Br J Haematol 75:99-105
    • (1990) Br J Haematol , vol.75 , pp. 99-105
    • Voss, R.1    Matthias, F.R.2    Borkowski, G.3    Reitz, D.4
  • 129
    • 0023094408 scopus 로고
    • Association between tumour necrosis factor in serum and fatal outcome in patients with meningococcal disease
    • Waage A, Halstensen A, Espevik T (1987) Association between tumour necrosis factor in serum and fatal outcome in patients with meningococcal disease. Lancet 1:355-357
    • (1987) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 355-357
    • Waage, A.1    Halstensen, A.2    Espevik, T.3
  • 130
    • 0024529891 scopus 로고
    • The complex pattern of cytokines in serum from patients with meningococcal septic shock. Association between interleukin 6, interleukin 1, and fatal outcome
    • Waage A, Brandtzaeg P, Halstensen A, Kierulf P, Espevik T (1989) The complex pattern of cytokines in serum from patients with meningococcal septic shock. Association between interleukin 6, interleukin 1, and fatal outcome. J Exp Med 169:333-338
    • (1989) J Exp Med , vol.169 , pp. 333-338
    • Waage, A.1    Brandtzaeg, P.2    Halstensen, A.3    Kierulf, P.4    Espevik, T.5
  • 131
    • 0004976080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of decreased cardiac function in sepsis
    • Vincent JL (ed) Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
    • Walley KR (1997) Mechanisms of decreased cardiac function in sepsis. In: Vincent JL (ed) Yearbook of intensive care and emergency medicine. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
    • (1997) Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine
    • Walley, K.R.1
  • 132
    • 0027303345 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of neutrophil-mediated injury
    • Ward PA, Varani J (1993) Mechanisms of neutrophil-mediated injury. Clin Exp Immunol 93:2
    • (1993) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.93 , pp. 2
    • Ward, P.A.1    Varani, J.2
  • 133
    • 0028151446 scopus 로고
    • Circulating leukemia inhibitory factor levels correlate with disease severity in meningococeemia
    • Waring PM, Waring LJ, Metcalf D (1994) Circulating leukemia inhibitory factor levels correlate with disease severity in meningococeemia. J Infect Dis 170:1224-1228
    • (1994) J Infect Dis , vol.170 , pp. 1224-1228
    • Waring, P.M.1    Waring, L.J.2    Metcalf, D.3
  • 134
    • 0017804093 scopus 로고
    • Purification and characterization of a potent bactericidal and membrane active protein from the granules of human polymorphnuclear leucocytes
    • Weiss J, Elsbach P, Olsson H (1978) Purification and characterization of a potent bactericidal and membrane active protein from the granules of human polymorphnuclear leucocytes. J Biol Chem 253:2664-2672
    • (1978) J Biol Chem , vol.253 , pp. 2664-2672
    • Weiss, J.1    Elsbach, P.2    Olsson, H.3
  • 138
    • 0024512755 scopus 로고
    • Meningococcal infections in children: A review of 100 cases
    • Wong VK, Hitchcock W, Mason WH (1989) Meningococcal infections in children: a review of 100 cases. Pediatr Infect Dis J 8:224-227
    • (1989) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.8 , pp. 224-227
    • Wong, V.K.1    Hitchcock, W.2    Mason, W.H.3
  • 139
    • 0028987562 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-12 is required for interferon-gamma production and lethality in lipopolysaccharide-induced shock in mice
    • Wysocka M, Kubin M, Vieira LQ, Ozmen L, Garotta G, Scott P. Trinchieri G (1995) Interleukin-12 is required for interferon-gamma production and lethality in lipopolysaccharide-induced shock in mice. Eur J Immunol 25:672-676
    • (1995) Eur J Immunol , vol.25 , pp. 672-676
    • Wysocka, M.1    Kubin, M.2    Vieira, L.Q.3    Ozmen, L.4    Garotta, G.5    Scott, P.6    Trinchieri, G.7
  • 141
    • 0029340728 scopus 로고
    • Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator treatment in two infants with fulminant meningococeemia
    • Zenz W, Muntean W, Gallistl S, Zobel G, Grubbauer HM (1995) Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator treatment in two infants with fulminant meningococeemia. Pediatrics 96:44-48
    • (1995) Pediatrics , vol.96 , pp. 44-48
    • Zenz, W.1    Muntean, W.2    Gallistl, S.3    Zobel, G.4    Grubbauer, H.M.5
  • 142
    • 0029033356 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of fulminant meningococcemia with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator
    • Zenz W, Muntean W, Zobel G, Grubbauer HM, Gallistl S (1995) Treatment of fulminant meningococcemia with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. Thromb Haemost 74:802-803
    • (1995) Thromb Haemost , vol.74 , pp. 802-803
    • Zenz, W.1    Muntean, W.2    Zobel, G.3    Grubbauer, H.M.4    Gallistl, S.5
  • 143
    • 0026016470 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of gram-negative bacteremia and septic shock with HA-1A human monoclonal antibody against endotoxin. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The HA-1A Sepsis Study Group
    • Ziegler EJ, Fisher CJ, Jr., Sprung CL, Straube RC, Sadolf JC, Foulke GE, Wortel CH, Fink MP, Dellinger RP, Teng NN, et al (1991) Treatment of gram-negative bacteremia and septic shock with HA-1A human monoclonal antibody against endotoxin. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The HA-1A Sepsis Study Group. N Engl J Med 324:429-436
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.324 , pp. 429-436
    • Ziegler, E.J.1    Fisher Jr., C.J.2    Sprung, C.L.3    Straube, R.C.4    Sadolf, J.C.5    Foulke, G.E.6    Wortel, C.H.7    Fink, M.P.8    Dellinger, R.P.9    Teng, N.N.10


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.