Update on the treatment of prostate cancer with external beam irradiation

Prostate

Volumn 37, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 195-206

  Horwitz, Eric M ^a   Hanlon, Alexandra L ^a   Hanks, Gerald E ^a  

^a FOX CHASE CANCER CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN;

BEAM THERAPY; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER SURVIVAL; DOSE CALCULATION; HORMONAL THERAPY; IRRADIATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE CANCER; PROSTATECTOMY; RADIATION DOSE DISTRIBUTION; REVIEW; TECHNIQUE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ADULT; AGED; DISEASE-FREE SURVIVAL; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, RADIATION; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS; RADIOTHERAPY PLANNING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0031764408     PISSN: 02704137     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0045(19981101)37:3<195::AID-PROS10>3.0.CO;2-C     Document Type: Review

References (51)

1. Parker SL, long T, Bolden S, Wingo PA: Cancer Statistics. CA 1997;46:5-27.
2. Wingo PA, Landis S, Ries LAG: An adjustment to the 1997 estimate for new prostate cancer cases. CA 1997;47:239-242.
3. Johansson J-E, Holmberg L, Johansson S, Bergstrom R, Adami H-O: Fifteen-year survival in prostate cancer: A prospective, population based study in Sweden. JAMA 1997;277:467-471.
4. Pound CR, Partin AW, Epstein JI, Walsh PC: PSA following anatomical radical retropubic prostatectomy: An interim report. Urol Clin North Am 1997;24:395-406.
5. Hanks GE, Hanlon AL, Schultheiss TE, Freedman GM, Hunt M, Pinover WH, Movsas B: Conformal external beam treatment of prostate cancer. Urology 1997;50:87-92.
6. Pilepich MV, Caplan R, Byhardt RW, Lawton CA, Gallagher MJ, Mesic JB, Hanks GE, Coughlin CT, Porter A, Shipley WU, Grignon D: Phase III trial of androgen suppression using goserelin in unfavorable-prognosis carcinoma of the prostate treated with definitive radiotherapy: Report of RTOG Protocol 85-31. J Clin Oncol 1997;15:1013-1021.
7. Mettlin CJ, Menck HR, Winchester DP, Murphy GP: A comparison of breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancers reported to the National Cancer Data Base and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Cancer 1997;79:2052-2061.
8. Lee WR, Hanks GE, Hanlon A: Increasing prostate-specific antigen profile following definitive radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer: Clinical observations. J Clin Oncol 1997;15:230-238.
9. Shipley WU, Prout GR, Coachman NM, McManus PL, Healey EA, Althausen AF, Heney NM, Parkhurst EC, Young HH, Shipley JW, Kaufman SD: Radiation therapy for localized prostate carcinoma: Experience at the Massachusetts General Hospital (1973-1981). NCI Monogr 1988;7:67-74.
10. Zagars GK, von Eschenbach AC: Prostate-specific antigen: An important marker for prostate cancer treated by external beam radiotherapy. Cancer 1993;72:538-548.
11. Corn BW, Hanks GE, Schultheiss TE, Hunt MA, Lee WR, Coia LR: Conformal treatment of prostate cancer with improved targeting: Superior prostate-specific antigen response compared to standard treatment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1995;32:325-330.
12. Fukunaga-Johnson N, Sandler HM, McLaughlin PW, Strawderman MS, Grijalva KH, Kish KE, Lichter AS: Results of 3D conformal radiotherapy in the treatment of localized prostate cancer, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997;38:311-317.
13. Hanks GE, Lee WR, Hanlon AL, Hunt M, Kaplan E, Epstein BE, Movsas B, Schultheiss TE: Conformal technique for dose escalation for prostate cancer: Biochemical evidence of improved cancer control with higher doses in patients with pretreatment prostate-specific antigen ≥10 ng/ml. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1996;35:861-868.
14. Bentel GC, Marks LB, Sherhouse GW, Spencer DP, Anscher MS: The effectiveness of immobilization during prostate irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1994;31:143-148.
15. Soffen EM, Hanks GE, Hwang CC, Chu JCH: Conformal static field therapy for low volume, low grade prostate cancer with rigid immobilization. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1991;20:141-146.
16. McShan DL, Fraass BA, Lichter AS: Full integration of the beam's eye view concept into computerized treatment planning. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1990;18:1485-1494.
17. Boyer AL, Antonuk L, Fenster A, van Herk M, Meertens H, Munro P, Reinstein LE, Wong JW: A review of electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs). Med Phys 1992;19:1-61.
18. Frazier AJ, Du M, Wong JW, Vicini FA, Taylor R, Yu C, Matter RC, Martinez AA, Yan D: Dosimetric evaluation of the conformation of the multileaf collimator to irregularly shaped fields. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1995;33:1229-1238.
19. Frazier AJ, Yan D, Du M, Wong JW, Vicini FA, Matter RC, Joyce M, Martinez AA: Effects of treatment setup variation on the beam's eye view dosimetry for radiation therapy using the multileaf collimator versus the cerrobend block. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1995;33:1247-1256.
20. LoSasso T, Chui CS, Kutcher GJ, Leibel SA, Fuks Z, Ling CC: The use of a multileaf collimator for conformal radiotherapy of carcinomas of the prostate and nasopharynx. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1993;25:161-170.
21. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements: "ICRU Report 50: Prescribing, Recording, and Reporting Photon Beam Therapy." Bethesda, MD: International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, 1993.
22. Lee WR, Hanks GE, Hanlon AL, Schultheiss TE, Hunt MA: Lateral rectal shielding reduces late rectal morbidity following high dose three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer: Further evidence for a significant dose effect. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1996;35:251-257.
23. Hanks GE, Lee WR, Schultheiss TE: Clinical and biochemical evidence of control of prostate cancer at 5 years after external beam radiation. J Urol 1995;154:456-459.
24. Lawton CA, Won M, Pilepich MV, Asbell SO, Shipley WU, Hanks GE, Cox JD, Perez CA, Sause WT, Doggett RLS, Rubin P: Long-term treatment sequelae following external beam irradiation for adenocarcinoma of the prostate: Analysis of RTOG studies 7506 and 7706. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1991;21:935-939.
25. Hanks GE: External-beam radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer: Patterns of care studies in the United States. NCI Monogr 1988;7:75-84.
26. Hanks GE, Teshima T, Pajak TF: 20 years of progress in radiation oncology: Prostate cancer. Semin Radiat Oncol 1997;7:114-120.
27. Leibel SA, Hanks GE, Kramer S: Patterns of care outcome studies: Results of the national practice in adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1984;10:401-409.
28. Hanks GE, Schultheiss TE, Hunt MA, Epstein B: Factors influencing incidence of acute grade 2 morbidity in conformal and standard radiation treatment of prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1995;31:25-29.
29. Soffen EM, Hanks GE, Hunt MA, Epstein BE: Conformal static field radiation therapy treatment of early prostate cancer versus non-conformal techniques: A reduction in acute morbidity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1992;24:485-488.
30. Schultheiss TE, Lee WR, Hunt MA, Hanlon AL, Peter RS, Hanks GE: Late GI and GU complications in the treatment of prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997;37:3-11.
31. Sandler HA, McLaughlin PW, TenHaken RK, Addison H, Forman J, Lichter AS: Three dimensional conformal radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer: Low risk of chronic rectal morbidity observed in a large series of patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1995;33:797-801.
32. Zelefsky MJ, Leibel SA, Kutcher GJ, Kelson S, Ling CC, Fuks Z: The feasibility of dose escalation with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy in patients with prostatic carcinoma. Cancer J Sci Am 1995;1:142-150.
33. Hanks GE, Hanlon AL, Schultheiss TE, Pinover WH, Movsas B, Epstein BE, Hunt MA: Dose escalation with 3D conformal treatment: Five year outcomes, treatment optimization and future directions. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998;41501-510.
34. Roach M III, Meehan S, Kroll S, Weil M, Ryu J, Small EJ, Margolis LW, Presti J, Carroll PC, Phillips TL: Radiotherapy for high grade clinically localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate. J Urol 1996;156:1719-1723.
35. Zagars GK, Pollack A: Radiation therapy for T1 and T2 prostate cancer: Prostate-specific antigen and disease outcome. Urology 1995;45:476-483.
36. D'Amico AV, Whittington R, Malkowicz SB, Schultz D, Schnall M, Tomaszewski JE, Wein A: A multivariate analysis of clinical and pathological factors that predict for prostate specific antigen failure after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. J Urol 1995;154:131-138.
37. Zietman AL, Edelstein RA, Coen JJ, Babayan RK, Krane RJ: Radical prostatectomy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate: The influence of preoperative and pathologic findings on biochemical disease-free outcome. Urology 1994;43:828-833.
38. Keyser D, Kupelian PA, Zippe CD, Levin HS, Klein EA: Stage T1-2 prostate cancer with pretreatment prostate-specific antigen level ≤10 ng/ml: Radiation therapy or surgery? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997;38:723-729.
39. D'Amico AV, Whittington R, Kaplan I, Beard C, Jiroutek M, Malkowicz SB, Wein A, Coleman CN: Equivalent biochemical failure-free survival after external beam radiation therapy or radical prostatectomy in patients with a pretreatment prostate specific antigen of >4-20 ng/ml. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997;37:1053-1058.
40. Horwitz EM, Vicini FA, Ziaja EL, Gonzalez J, Dmuchowski CF, Stromberg JS, Brabbins DS, Hollander J, Chen PY, Martinez AA: Assessing the variability of outcome for patients treated with localized prostate irradiation using different definitions of biochemical control. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1996;36:565-571.
41. American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology Consensus Panel: Consensus statement: Guidelines for PSA following radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997;37: 1035-1041.
42. Freedman GM, Hanlon AL, Lee WR, Hanks GE: Young patients with prostate cancer have an outcome justifying their treatment with external beam radiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1996; 35:243-250.
43. Poen J, Hancock SL, Cox RS, Bagshaw MA: Early stage prostatic cancer in younger men: Durable tumor control and favorable prognosis after external beam irradiation at age 60 or less. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys [Suppl] 1995;32:190.
44. Horwitz EM, Hanlon AL, Pinover WH, Hanks GE: The treatment of nonpalpable PSA-detected adenocarcinoma of the prostate with 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998;41519-523.
45. Kuban DA, El-Mahdi AM, Schellhammer PF: Prostate-specific antigen for pretreatment prediction and posttreatment evaluation of outcome after definitive irradiation for prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1995;32:307-316.
46. Pisansky TM, Cha SS, Earle JD, Durr ED, Kozelsky TF, Wieand HS, Oesterling JE: Prostate-specific antigen as a pre-therapy prognostic factor in patients treated with radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 1993;11:2158-2166.
47. Zietman AL, Coen JJ, Shipley WU: Radical radiation therapy in the management of prostatic adenocarcinoma: The initial prostate specific antigen value as a predictor of treatment outcome. J Urol 1994;151:640-645.
48. Kaplan ID, Cox RS, Bagshaw MA: Prostate specific antigen after external beam radiotherapy for prostatic cancer: Followup. J Urol 1993;149:519-522.
49. Lee WR, Hanks GE, Schultheiss TE, Corn BW, Hunt MA: Localized prostate cancer treated by external-beam radiotherapy alone: Serum prostate-specific antigen-driven outcome analysis. J Clin Oncol 1995;13:464-469.
50. Schellhammer PF, El-Mahdi AM, Kuban DA, Wright GL: Prostate-specific antigen after radiation therapy. Prognosis by pre-treatment level and posttreatment nadir. Urol Clin North Am 1997;24:407-414.
51. Zagars GK, Pollack A, von Eschenbach AC: Prognostic factors for clinically localized prostate carcinoma: Analysis of 938 patients irradiated in the prostate specific antigen era. Cancer 1997;79:1370-1380.