메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 52, Issue 5, 1998, Pages 1353-1362

Latitudinal variation of wing:thorax size ratio and wing-aspect ratio in Drosophila melanogaster

Author keywords

Artificial selection; Flight; Latitudinal cline; Phenotypic plasticity; Thermal selection; Wing loading

Indexed keywords

FLIGHT ACTIVITY; LATITUDINAL GRADIENT; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; PHYSIOLOGY;

EID: 0031763961     PISSN: 00143820     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb02017.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (154)

References (64)
  • 1
    • 0002590763 scopus 로고
    • Phenotypical variation in body and cell size of Drosophila melanogaster
    • ALPATOV, W. W. 1930. Phenotypical variation in body and cell size of Drosophila melanogaster. Biol. Bull. 58:85-103.
    • (1930) Biol. Bull. , vol.58 , pp. 85-103
    • Alpatov, W.W.1
  • 2
    • 0029197905 scopus 로고
    • Genetic variation and plasticity of thorax length and wing length in Drosophila aldrichi and Drosophila buzzatii
    • BARKER, J. S. F., AND R. A. KREBS. 1995. Genetic variation and plasticity of thorax length and wing length in Drosophila aldrichi and Drosophila buzzatii. J. Evol. Biol. 8:689-709.
    • (1995) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.8 , pp. 689-709
    • Barker, J.S.F.1    Krebs, R.A.2
  • 3
    • 0022669488 scopus 로고
    • Genetic variability of flight metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster. III. Effects of Gpdh allozymes and environmental temperature on power output
    • BARNES, P. T., AND C. C. LAURIE-AHLBERG. 1986. Genetic variability of flight metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster. III. Effects of Gpdh allozymes and environmental temperature on power output. Genetics 112:267-294.
    • (1986) Genetics , vol.112 , pp. 267-294
    • Barnes, P.T.1    Laurie-Ahlberg, C.C.2
  • 4
    • 0028005796 scopus 로고
    • Body size and flight activity effects on male reproductive success in the pitcherplant mosquito (Diptera, Culicidae)
    • BENJAMIN, S. N., AND W. E. BRADSHAW. 1994. Body size and flight activity effects on male reproductive success in the pitcherplant mosquito (Diptera, Culicidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 87:331-336.
    • (1994) Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. , vol.87 , pp. 331-336
    • Benjamin, S.N.1    Bradshaw, W.E.2
  • 5
    • 84993848914 scopus 로고
    • Temperature-related divergence in experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster. II. Correlation between fitness and body dimensions
    • CAVICCHI, S., D. GUERRA, V. NATALI, C. PEZZOLI, AND G. GIORGI. 1989. Temperature-related divergence in experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster. II. Correlation between fitness and body dimensions. J. Evol. Biol. 2:235-251.
    • (1989) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.2 , pp. 235-251
    • Cavicchi, S.1    Guerra, D.2    Natali, V.3    Pezzoli, C.4    Giorgi, G.5
  • 6
    • 3643104810 scopus 로고
    • Some factors which affect the rate of movement of the wings in Drosophila
    • CHADWICK, L. E. 1939. Some factors which affect the rate of movement of the wings in Drosophila. Physiol. Zool. 12:151-160.
    • (1939) Physiol. Zool. , vol.12 , pp. 151-160
    • Chadwick, L.E.1
  • 7
    • 0011200447 scopus 로고
    • Respiration during flight in Drosophila repleta Wollaston: The oxygen consumption considered in relation to the wing-rate
    • CHADWICK, L. E., AND D. GILMOUR. 1940. Respiration during flight in Drosophila repleta Wollaston: the oxygen consumption considered in relation to the wing-rate. Physiol. Zool. 13:398-410.
    • (1940) Physiol. Zool. , vol.13 , pp. 398-410
    • Chadwick, L.E.1    Gilmour, D.2
  • 8
    • 0025632381 scopus 로고
    • Countergradient variation in growth rate: Compensation for length of the growing season among Atlantic silversides from different latitudes
    • CONOVER, D. O., AND T. M. C. PRESENT. 1990. Countergradient variation in growth rate: compensation for length of the growing season among Atlantic silversides from different latitudes. Oecologia 83:316-324.
    • (1990) Oecologia , vol.83 , pp. 316-324
    • Conover, D.O.1    Present, T.M.C.2
  • 9
    • 0023487793 scopus 로고
    • Heritability of two morphological characters within and among natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster
    • COYNE, J. A., AND E. BEECHAM. 1987. Heritability of two morphological characters within and among natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 117:727-737.
    • (1987) Genetics , vol.117 , pp. 727-737
    • Coyne, J.A.1    Beecham, E.2
  • 10
    • 0000683750 scopus 로고
    • Genetic variability of flight metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster. I. Characterization of power output during tethered flight
    • CURTSINGER, J. W., AND C. C- LAURIE-AHLBERG. 1981. Genetic variability of flight metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster. I. Characterization of power output during tethered flight. Genetics 98:549-564.
    • (1981) Genetics , vol.98 , pp. 549-564
    • Curtsinger, J.W.1    Laurie-Ahlberg, C.C.2
  • 11
    • 0000412675 scopus 로고
    • Ecophysiology: Abiotic factors
    • H. L. Carson, M. Ashburner, and J. N. Thompson Jr., eds. Academic Press, London
    • DAVID, J. R., R. ALLEMAND, V. HERREWEGE, AND Y. COHET. 1983. Ecophysiology: abiotic factors. Pp. 105-170 in H. L. Carson, M. Ashburner, and J. N. Thompson Jr., eds. The Genetics and Biology of Drosophila. Vol. 3d. Academic Press, London.
    • (1983) The Genetics and Biology of Drosophila , vol.3 D
    • David, J.R.1    Allemand, R.2    Herrewege, V.3    Cohet, Y.4
  • 12
    • 0028105530 scopus 로고
    • Reaction norms of size characters in relation to growth temperature in Drosophila melanogaster: An isofemale lines analysis
    • DAVID, J. R., B. MORETEAU, J. P. GAUTHIER, G. PÉTAVY, A. STOCKEL, AND A. G. IMASHEVA. 1994. Reaction norms of size characters in relation to growth temperature in Drosophila melanogaster: an isofemale lines analysis. Genet. Sel. Evol. 26:229-251.
    • (1994) Genet. Sel. Evol. , vol.26 , pp. 229-251
    • David, J.R.1    Moreteau, B.2    Gauthier, J.P.3    Pétavy, G.4    Stockel, A.5    Imasheva, A.G.6
  • 13
    • 0025216758 scopus 로고
    • Genetic analysis of the wing vein pattern of Drosophila
    • DIAZ-BENJUMEA, F. J., AND A. GARCIA-BELLIDO. 1990. Genetic analysis of the wing vein pattern of Drosophila. Roux's Arch. 198:336-354.
    • (1990) Roux's Arch. , vol.198 , pp. 336-354
    • Diaz-Benjumea, F.J.1    Garcia-Bellido, A.2
  • 14
    • 0000671061 scopus 로고
    • The aerodynamics of hovering insect flight. II. Morphological parameters
    • ELLINGTON, C. P. 1984a. The aerodynamics of hovering insect flight. II. Morphological parameters. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 305:17-40.
    • (1984) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. , vol.305 , pp. 17-40
    • Ellington, C.P.1
  • 15
    • 0000671059 scopus 로고
    • The aerodynamics of hovering insect flight. III. Kinematics
    • _. 1984b. The aerodynamics of hovering insect flight. III. Kinematics. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 305:41-78.
    • (1984) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. , vol.305 , pp. 41-78
  • 16
    • 0000671061 scopus 로고
    • The aerodynamics of hovering insect flight. VI. Lift and power requirements
    • _. 1984e. The aerodynamics of hovering insect flight. VI. Lift and power requirements. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 305:145-181.
    • (1984) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. , vol.305 , pp. 145-181
  • 17
    • 0024885642 scopus 로고
    • The effect of size on the optimal shapes of gliding insects and seeds
    • ENNOS, A. R. 1989. The effect of size on the optimal shapes of gliding insects and seeds. J. Zool. 219:61-69.
    • (1989) J. Zool. , vol.219 , pp. 61-69
    • Ennos, A.R.1
  • 18
    • 0027070516 scopus 로고
    • Developmental genetics of the venation pattern of Drosophila
    • GARCÍA-BELLIDO, A., AND J. F. DE CELIS. 1992. Developmental genetics of the venation pattern of Drosophila. Annu. Rev. Genet. 26:277-304.
    • (1992) Annu. Rev. Genet. , vol.26 , pp. 277-304
    • García-Bellido, A.1    De Celis, J.F.2
  • 20
    • 0026565814 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative genetics and the evolution of reaction norms
    • GOMULKIEWICZ, R., AND M. KIRKPATRICK. 1992. Quantitative genetics and the evolution of reaction norms. Evolution 46:390-411.
    • (1992) Evolution , vol.46 , pp. 390-411
    • Gomulkiewicz, R.1    Kirkpatrick, M.2
  • 21
    • 0001319705 scopus 로고
    • Desiccation, flight, glycogen, and postponed senescence in Drosophila melanogaster
    • GRAVES, J. L., E. C. TOOLSON, C. JEONG, L. N. VU, AND M. R. ROSE. 1992. Desiccation, flight, glycogen, and postponed senescence in Drosophila melanogaster. Physiol. Zool. 65:268-286.
    • (1992) Physiol. Zool. , vol.65 , pp. 268-286
    • Graves, J.L.1    Toolson, E.C.2    Jeong, C.3    Vu, L.N.4    Rose, M.R.5
  • 22
    • 0001682423 scopus 로고
    • The wings of insects and birds as mechanical oscillators
    • GREENEWALT, C. H. 1960. The wings of insects and birds as mechanical oscillators. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 104:605-611.
    • (1960) Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. , vol.104 , pp. 605-611
    • Greenewalt, C.H.1
  • 23
    • 0024938488 scopus 로고
    • Trade-off between flight and reproduction in the African armyworm moth, Spodoptera exempta
    • GUNN, A., A. G. GATEHOUSE, AND K. P. WOODROW. 1988. Trade-off between flight and reproduction in the African armyworm moth, Spodoptera exempta. Physiol. Entomol. 14:419-427.
    • (1988) Physiol. Entomol. , vol.14 , pp. 419-427
    • Gunn, A.1    Gatehouse, A.G.2    Woodrow, K.P.3
  • 24
    • 84981647944 scopus 로고
    • The effect of ambient temperature on the flight performance of the mature male tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans
    • HARGROVE, J. W. 1980. The effect of ambient temperature on the flight performance of the mature male tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans. Physiol. Entomol. 5:397-400.
    • (1980) Physiol. Entomol. , vol.5 , pp. 397-400
    • Hargrove, J.W.1
  • 25
    • 0012078776 scopus 로고
    • The ontogeny and cost of migration in Drosophila subobscura Collin
    • INGLESFIELD, C., AND M. BEGON. 1983. The ontogeny and cost of migration in Drosophila subobscura Collin. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 19:9-15.
    • (1983) Biol. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.19 , pp. 9-15
    • Inglesfield, C.1    Begon, M.2
  • 26
    • 0028993652 scopus 로고
    • Thermal evolution of rate of larval development in Drosophila melanogaster in laboratory and field populations
    • JAMES, A. C., AND L. PARTRIDGE. 1995. Thermal evolution of rate of larval development in Drosophila melanogaster in laboratory and field populations. J. Evol. Biol. 8:315-330.
    • (1995) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.8 , pp. 315-330
    • James, A.C.1    Partridge, L.2
  • 27
    • 0029053854 scopus 로고
    • Cellular basis and developmental timing in a size cline of Drosophila melanogaster
    • JAMES, A. C., R. B. R. AZEVEDO, AND L. PARTRIDGE. 1995. Cellular basis and developmental timing in a size cline of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 140:659-666.
    • (1995) Genetics , vol.140 , pp. 659-666
    • James, A.C.1    Azevedo, R.B.R.2    Partridge, L.3
  • 28
    • 0030794662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic and environmental responses to temperature of Drosophila melanogaster from a latitudinal cline
    • _. 1997. Genetic and environmental responses to temperature of Drosophila melanogaster from a latitudinal cline. Genetics 146:881-890.
    • (1997) Genetics , vol.146 , pp. 881-890
  • 29
    • 0023497142 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of the thermal niche of Drosophila melanogaster using a temperature-sensitive mutation
    • JONES, J. S., J. A. COYNE, AND L. PARTRIDGE. 1987. Estimation of the thermal niche of Drosophila melanogaster using a temperature-sensitive mutation. Am. Nat. 130:83-90.
    • (1987) Am. Nat. , vol.130 , pp. 83-90
    • Jones, J.S.1    Coyne, J.A.2    Partridge, L.3
  • 30
    • 0029659296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of thermal environment on life histories of free living Drosophila melanogaster and D. subobscura
    • JUNGE-BERBEROVIC, R. 1996. Effect of thermal environment on life histories of free living Drosophila melanogaster and D. subobscura. Oecologia 108:262-272.
    • (1996) Oecologia , vol.108 , pp. 262-272
    • Junge-Berberovic, R.1
  • 31
    • 0008312088 scopus 로고
    • The physiology of insect fibrilar muscle IV. the effect of temperature on a beetle flight mucle
    • MACHIN, K. E., J. W. S. PRINGLE, AND M. TAMASIGE. 1962. The physiology of insect fibrilar muscle IV. The effect of temperature on a beetle flight mucle. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 155:493-499.
    • (1962) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. , vol.155 , pp. 493-499
    • Machin, K.E.1    Pringle, J.W.S.2    Tamasige, M.3
  • 32
    • 0002214393 scopus 로고
    • Cell size and number in the Drosophila wing. III. the influence of temperature differences during development
    • MASRY, A. M., AND F. W. ROBERTSON. 1979. Cell size and number in the Drosophila wing. III. The influence of temperature differences during development. Egypt. J. Genet. Cytol. 8:71-79.
    • (1979) Egypt. J. Genet. Cytol. , vol.8 , pp. 71-79
    • Masry, A.M.1    Robertson, F.W.2
  • 33
    • 0030902403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Joint regulation of cell size and cell number in the wing blade of Drosophila melanogaster
    • MCCABE, J., V. FRENCH, AND L. PARTRIDGE. 1997. Joint regulation of cell size and cell number in the wing blade of Drosophila melanogaster. Genet. Res. 69:61-68.
    • (1997) Genet. Res. , vol.69 , pp. 61-68
    • Mccabe, J.1    French, V.2    Partridge, L.3
  • 34
    • 0001129298 scopus 로고
    • Clines in body dimensions in populations of Drosophila subobscura
    • MISRA, R. K., AND E. C. R. REEVE. 1964. Clines in body dimensions in populations of Drosophila subobscura. Genet. Res. 5:240-256.
    • (1964) Genet. Res. , vol.5 , pp. 240-256
    • Misra, R.K.1    Reeve, E.C.R.2
  • 35
    • 3643102707 scopus 로고
    • Size response of developing Drosophila to temperature changes
    • PANTELOURIS, E. M. 1957. Size response of developing Drosophila to temperature changes. J. Genet. 55:507-510.
    • (1957) J. Genet. , vol.55 , pp. 507-510
    • Pantelouris, E.M.1
  • 36
    • 0002812185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why get big in the cold?
    • I. A. Johnston and A. B. Bennett, eds. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U.K.
    • PARTRIDGE, L., AND V. FRENCH. 1996. Why get big in the cold? Pp. 265-292 in I. A. Johnston and A. B. Bennett, eds. Animals and temperature. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U.K.
    • (1996) Animals and Temperature , pp. 265-292
    • Partridge, L.1    French, V.2
  • 37
    • 0028317298 scopus 로고
    • Evolution and development of body size and cell size in Drosophila melanogaster in response to temperature
    • PARTRIDGE, L., B. BARRIE, K. FOWLER, AND V. FRENCH. 1994. Evolution and development of body size and cell size in Drosophila melanogaster in response to temperature. Evolution 48:1269-1276.
    • (1994) Evolution , vol.48 , pp. 1269-1276
    • Partridge, L.1    Barrie, B.2    Fowler, K.3    French, V.4
  • 38
    • 0028981454 scopus 로고
    • An experimental study of evolution in progress: Clines for quantitative traits in colonizing and Paleartic populations of Drosophila
    • PEGUEROLES, G., M. PAPACEIT, A. QUINTANA, A. GUILLÉN, A. PREVOSTI, AND L. SERRA. 1995. An experimental study of evolution in progress: clines for quantitative traits in colonizing and Paleartic populations of Drosophila. Evol. Ecol. 9:453-465.
    • (1995) Evol. Ecol. , vol.9 , pp. 453-465
    • Pegueroles, G.1    Papaceit, M.2    Quintana, A.3    Guillén, A.4    Prevosti, A.5    Serra, L.6
  • 39
    • 0008251859 scopus 로고
    • Frequency of wing-beat as a character for separating species races and geographic varieties of Drosophila
    • REED, S. C., C. M. WILLIAMS, AND L. E. CHADWICK. 1942. Frequency of wing-beat as a character for separating species races and geographic varieties of Drosophila. Genetics 27:349-361.
    • (1942) Genetics , vol.27 , pp. 349-361
    • Reed, S.C.1    Williams, C.M.2    Chadwick, L.E.3
  • 40
    • 0000189320 scopus 로고
    • Studies in quantitative inheritance. XII. Cell size and number in relation to genetic and environmental variation of body size in
    • ROBERTSON, F. W. 1959. Studies in quantitative inheritance. XII. Cell size and number in relation to genetic and environmental variation of body size in Drosophila. Genetics 44:869-896.
    • (1959) Drosophila. Genetics , vol.44 , pp. 869-896
    • Robertson, F.W.1
  • 41
    • 84974028869 scopus 로고
    • Changing the relative size of the body parts of Drosophila by selection
    • _. 1962. Changing the relative size of the body parts of Drosophila by selection. Genet. Res. 3:169-180.
    • (1962) Genet. Res. , vol.3 , pp. 169-180
  • 42
    • 0000934389 scopus 로고
    • Variation of body size within and between wild populations of Drosophila buzzatii
    • _. 1987. Variation of body size within and between wild populations of Drosophila buzzatii. Genetica 72:111-125.
    • (1987) Genetica , vol.72 , pp. 111-125
  • 43
    • 0000362750 scopus 로고
    • Dispersal in dipterans: Its costs and consequences
    • ROFF, D. 1977. Dispersal in dipterans: its costs and consequences. J. Anim. Ecol. 46:443-456.
    • (1977) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.46 , pp. 443-456
    • Roff, D.1
  • 44
    • 0039912125 scopus 로고
    • Biochemistry of insect flight
    • D. J. Candy, and B. A. Kilby, eds. Chapman and Hall, London
    • SACKTOR, B. 1975. Biochemistry of insect flight. Pp. 1-88 in D. J. Candy, and B. A. Kilby, eds. Insect biochemistry and function. Chapman and Hall, London.
    • (1975) Insect Biochemistry and Function , pp. 1-88
    • Sacktor, B.1
  • 46
    • 84993649902 scopus 로고
    • The genetics of phenotypic plasticity. I. Heritability
    • SCHEINER, S. M., AND R. F. LYMAN. 1989. The genetics of phenotypic plasticity. I. Heritability. J. Evol. Biol. 2:95-107.
    • (1989) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.2 , pp. 95-107
    • Scheiner, S.M.1    Lyman, R.F.2
  • 47
    • 84993858097 scopus 로고
    • The genetics of phenotypic plasticity. II. Response to selection
    • _. 1991. The genetics of phenotypic plasticity. II. Response to selection. J. Evol. Biol. 4:23-50.
    • (1991) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.4 , pp. 23-50
  • 48
    • 0000427942 scopus 로고
    • Geographic variation of quantitative characters in populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura
    • SOKOLOFF, A. 1965. Geographic variation of quantitative characters in populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura. Evolution 19:300-310.
    • (1965) Evolution , vol.19 , pp. 300-310
    • Sokoloff, A.1
  • 49
    • 0000561240 scopus 로고
    • Morphological variation in natural and experimental populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. persimilis
    • _. 1966. Morphological variation in natural and experimental populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. persimilis. Evolution 20:47-71.
    • (1966) Evolution , vol.20 , pp. 47-71
  • 50
    • 0018952615 scopus 로고
    • Chromosome studies in wild populations of Drosophila melanogaster. II. Relationship of inversion frequencies to latitude, season, wing-loading and flight activity
    • STALKER, H. D. 1980. Chromosome studies in wild populations of Drosophila melanogaster. II. Relationship of inversion frequencies to latitude, season, wing-loading and flight activity. Genetics 95:211-223.
    • (1980) Genetics , vol.95 , pp. 211-223
    • Stalker, H.D.1
  • 51
    • 0001472402 scopus 로고
    • Morphological variation in natural populations of Drosophila robusta Sturtevant
    • STALKER, H. D., AND H. L. CARSON. 1947. Morphological variation in natural populations of Drosophila robusta Sturtevant. Evolution 1:237-248.
    • (1947) Evolution , vol.1 , pp. 237-248
    • Stalker, H.D.1    Carson, H.L.2
  • 52
    • 0000223314 scopus 로고
    • An altitudinal transect of Drosophila robusta Sturtevant
    • _. 1948. An altitudinal transect of Drosophila robusta Sturtevant. Evolution 2:295-305.
    • (1948) Evolution , vol.2 , pp. 295-305
  • 53
    • 0000247065 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variation in the morphology of Drosophila robusta Sturtevant
    • _. 1949. Seasonal variation in the morphology of Drosophila robusta Sturtevant. Evolution 3:330-343.
    • (1949) Evolution , vol.3 , pp. 330-343
  • 54
    • 38249021910 scopus 로고
    • Causes of variation in wing loading among Drosophila species
    • STARMER, W. T., AND L. L. WOLF. 1989. Causes of variation in wing loading among Drosophila species. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 37:247-261.
    • (1989) Biol. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.37 , pp. 247-261
    • Starmer, W.T.1    Wolf, L.L.2
  • 55
    • 0022168305 scopus 로고
    • The relative importance of behavioral and physiological adjustments controlling body temperature in terrestrial ectotherms
    • STEVENSON, R. D. 1985. The relative importance of behavioral and physiological adjustments controlling body temperature in terrestrial ectotherms. Am. Nat. 126:362-386.
    • (1985) Am. Nat. , vol.126 , pp. 362-386
    • Stevenson, R.D.1
  • 56
    • 0027873069 scopus 로고
    • Ecology of body size in Drosophila buzzatii: Untangling the effects of temperature and nutrition
    • THOMAS, R. H. 1993. Ecology of body size in Drosophila buzzatii: untangling the effects of temperature and nutrition. Ecol. Entomol. 18:84-90.
    • (1993) Ecol. Entomol. , vol.18 , pp. 84-90
    • Thomas, R.H.1
  • 57
    • 0001066256 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative genetic analysis of the body size and shape of Drosophila buzzatii
    • THOMAS, R. H., AND J. S. F. BARKER. 1993. Quantitative genetic analysis of the body size and shape of Drosophila buzzatii. Theor. Appl. Genet. 85:598-608.
    • (1993) Theor. Appl. Genet. , vol.85 , pp. 598-608
    • Thomas, R.H.1    Barker, J.S.F.2
  • 58
    • 0021562402 scopus 로고
    • Wingbeat frequency, temperature and body size in bees and flies
    • UNWIN, D. M., AND S. A. CORBET. 1984. Wingbeat frequency, temperature and body size in bees and flies. Physiol. Entomol. 9:115-121.
    • (1984) Physiol. Entomol. , vol.9 , pp. 115-121
    • Unwin, D.M.1    Corbet, S.A.2
  • 59
    • 0026302627 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of generalists and specialists in spatially heterogeneous environments
    • VAN TIENDEREN, P. H. 1991. Evolution of generalists and specialists in spatially heterogeneous environments. Evolution 45:1317-1331.
    • (1991) Evolution , vol.45 , pp. 1317-1331
    • Van Tienderen, P.H.1
  • 60
    • 0015794713 scopus 로고
    • Quick estimates of flight fitness in hovering animals, including novel mechanisms for lift production
    • WEIS-FOGH, T. 1973. Quick estimates of flight fitness in hovering animals, including novel mechanisms for lift production. J. Exp. Biol. 59:169-230.
    • (1973) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.59 , pp. 169-230
    • Weis-Fogh, T.1
  • 61
    • 3643098547 scopus 로고
    • Flight range and energetics of the sheep blowfly during flight at different temperatures
    • YURKIEWICZ, W. J. 1968. Flight range and energetics of the sheep blowfly during flight at different temperatures. J. Insect Physiol. 14:335-339.
    • (1968) J. Insect Physiol. , vol.14 , pp. 335-339
    • Yurkiewicz, W.J.1
  • 62
    • 3643105888 scopus 로고
    • Effect of temperature on flight speed of the sheep blowfly
    • YURKIEWICZ, W. J., AND T. SMYTH, JR. 1966a. Effect of temperature on flight speed of the sheep blowfly. J. Insect Physiol. 12:189-194.
    • (1966) J. Insect Physiol. , vol.12 , pp. 189-194
    • Yurkiewicz, W.J.1    Smyth Jr., T.2
  • 63
    • 0013896504 scopus 로고
    • Effects of temperature on oxygen consumption and fuel utilization by the sheep blowfly
    • _. 1966b. Effects of temperature on oxygen consumption and fuel utilization by the sheep blowfly. J. Insect Physiol. 12:403-408.
    • (1966) J. Insect Physiol. , vol.12 , pp. 403-408


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.