Relationships between flowering phenology, plant size and reproductive success in Lotus corniculatus (Fabaceae)

Plant Ecology

Volumn 139, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 35-47

  Ollerton, Jeff ^a   Lack, Andrew ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

^b OXFORD BROOKES UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Flowering time; Grassland; Natural selection; Pollination; Seed predation

Indexed keywords

FLOWERING; PHENOLOGY; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SIZE EFFECT; SYNCHRONY;

LOTUS CORNICULATUS;

EID: 0031756081     PISSN: 13850237     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1009798320049     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Augspurger, C. K. 1981. Reproductive synchrony of a tropical shrub: experimental studies of on effects of pollinators and seed predators on Hybanthus prunifolius (Violaceae). Ecology 62: 775-788.
2. Augspurger, C. K. 1983. Phenology, flowering synchrony and fruit set of six neotropical shrubs. Biotropica 15: 257-267.
3. Bawa, K. S. 1983. Patterns of flowering in tropical plants. Pp. 394-410. In: Jones, C. E. & Little, R. J. (eds), Handbook of Experimental Pollination Biology. Scientific and Academic Editions, U.S.A.
4. Brødsgaard, B. & Rasmussen, I. R. 1990. Gene flow in the species Lotus corniculatus L. M.Sc. thesis, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
5. Brody, A. K. 1992. Oviposition choices by a pre-dispersal seed predator (Hylemya sp.) I. Correspondence with hummingbird pollinators, and the role of plant size, density and floral morphology. Oecologia 91: 56-62.
6. Bronstein, J. L. 1995. The plant-pollinator landscape. Pp. 256-258. In: Hansson, L, Fahrig, L. & Merriam, G. (eds), Mosaic Landscapes and Ecological Processes. Chapman & Hall, London.
7. Buzzell, R. I. & Wilsie, C. P. 1964. Seed production potential of flowering types in birdsfoot trefoil. Crop Sci. 4: 436-437.
8. Carthew, S. M. 1993. Patterns of flowering and fruit production in a natural population of Banksia spinulosa. Austr. J. Bot. 41: 465-480.
9. Compton, S. G. A. 1983. Studies of insects associated with Lotus corniculatus L. Ph.D. thesis, University of Hull.
10. Darwin, C. 1876. The Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom. Murray, London.
11. Dieringer, G. 1991. Variation in individual flowering time and reproductive success of Agalinis strictifolia (Scrophulariaceae). Am. J. Bot. 78: 497-503.
12. Dominguez, C. A. & Dirzo, R. 1995. Rainfall and flowering synchrony in a tropical shrub-variable selection on the flowering time of Erythroxylum havanense. Evol. Ecol. 9: 204-216.
13. Eriksson, O. 1995. Asynchronous flowering reduces seed predation in the perennial forest herb Actaea spicata. Acta Ocol. 16: 195-203
14. Flanagan, L. B. & Moser, W. 1985. Flowering phenology, floral display and reproductive success in dioecious Aralia nudicaulis L. (Araliaceae). Oecologia 68: 23-28
15. Fox, G. A. 1990. Components of flowering time variation in a desert annual. Evolution 44: 1404-1423.
16. Frankie, G. W. & Haber, W. A. 1983. Why bees move among mass-flowering neotropical trees. Pp. 360-372. In: Jones, C. E. & Little, R. J. (eds), Handbook of Experimental Pollination Biology. Scientific and Academic Editions, U.S.A.
17. Galen, C. & Stanton, M. L. 1991. Consequences of emergence phenology for reproductive success in Ranunculus adoneus (Ranunculaceae). Am. J. Bot. 78: 978-988.
18. Gibson, C. W. D. 1986. Management history in relation to changes in the flora of different habitats on an Oxfordshire estate, England. Biol. Cons. 38: 217-232.
19. Gómez, J. E. 1993. Phenotypic selection on flowering synchrony in a high mountain plant, Hormathophylla spinosa (Cruciferae). J. Ecol. 81: 605-613
20. Gross, R. S. & Werner, P. A. 1983. Relationships among flowering phenology, insect visitors, and seed-set of individuals: experimental studies on four co-occurring species of goldenrod (Solidago: Compositae). Ecol. Monogr. 53: 95-117.
21. Hepburn, H. R. & Radloff, S. E. 1995. First approximation to a phenology of the honeybees (Apis mellifera) and flora of Africa. Oecologia 101: 265-273.
22. Herrera, C. M. 1993. Selection on floral morphology and environmental determinants of fecundity in a hawk moth-pollinated violet. Ecol. Monogr. 63: 251-275
23. Janzen, D. H. 1976. Why bamboos wait so long to flower. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 7: 347-391.
24. Johnson, S. D. 1993. Climatic and phylogenetic determinants of flowering seasonality in the Cape flora. J. Ecol. 81: 567-572.
25. Jones, D. A. & Turkington, R. 1986. Biological Flora of the British Isles: Lotus corniculatus L. J. Ecol. 74: 1185-1212.
26. Kelly, C. A. 1992. Reproductive phenologies in Lobelia inflata (Lobeliaceae) and their environmental control. Am. J. Bot. 79: 1126-1133.
27. Kochmer, J. P. & Handel, S. N. 1986. Constraints and competition in the evolution of flowering phenology. Ecol. Monogr. 56: 303-325.
28. Kudo, G. 1993. Relationship between flowering time and fruit set of the entomophilous alpine shrub, Rhododendron aureum (Ericaceae), inhabiting snow patches. Am. J. Bot. 80: 1300-1304.
29. Lack, A. 1976. Competition for pollinators and evolution in Centaurea. New Phytol. 77: 787-792
30. Louda, S. M. & Potvin, M. A. 1995. Effect of inflorescence-feeding insects on the demography and lifetime fitness of a native plant. Ecology 76: 229-245.
31. Mitchell, R. J. & Shaw, R. G. 1993. Heritability of floral traits for the perennial wild flower Pentstemon centranthifolius (Scrophulariaceae): clones and crosses. Heredity 71: 185-192.
32. Ollerton, J. 1993. Ecology of flowering and fruiting in Lotus corniculatus L. Ph.D. thesis, Oxford Brookes University, U.K.
33. Ollerton, J. 1996. Reconciling ecological processes with phylogenetic patterns: the apparent paradox of plant-pollinator interactions. J. Ecol. 84: 767-769.
34. Ollerton, J. & Lack, A. J. 1992. Flowering phenology- an example of relaxation of natural selection? Trends Ecol. Evol. 7: 274-276.
35. Ollerton, J. & Lack, A. 1996. Partial predispersal seed predation in Lotus corniculatus L. (Fabaceae). Seed Sci. Res. 6: 65-69.
36. Pettersson, M. W. 1992. Pollination, oviposition and seed predation by flower visiting insects in bladder campions (Silene vulgaris S.L., Caryophyllaceae). Ph.D. thesis, Uppsala University, Sweden.
37. Pettersson, M. W. 1994. Large plant size counteracts early seed predation during the extended flowering season of a Silene uniflora (Caryophyllaceae) population. Ecography 17: 264-271.
38. Pors, B. & Werner, P. A. 1989. Individual flowering time in a goldenrod (Solidago canadensis): field experiment shows genotype more important than environment. Am. J. Bot. 76: 1681-1688.
39. Primack, R. B. 1980. Variation in the phenology of natural populations of montane shrubs in New Zealand. J. Ecol. 68: 849-862.
40. Primack, R. B. 1985. Patterns of flowering phenology in communities, populations, individuals, and single flowers. Pp. 571-593. In: White, J. (ed.), The Population Structure of Vegetation (Handbook of Vegetation Science III). Dr W. Junk Publishers, the Netherlands.
41. Proctor, M., Yeo, P. & Lack, A. 1996. The Natural History of Pollination. Collins, London.
42. Rasmussen, I. R. & Brødsgaard, B. 1992. Gene flow inferred from seed dispersal and pollinator behaviour compared to DNA analysis of restriction site variation in a patchy population of Lotus corniculatus L. Oecologia 89: 277-283.
43. Rathcke, B. 1988. Flowering phenologies in a shrub community: competition and constraints. J. Ecol. 76: 975-994.
44. Rathcke, B. & Lacey, E. P. 1985. Phenological patterns of terrestrial plants. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 16: 179-214.
45. Sandha, G. S., Twamley, B. E. & Christie, B. R. 1977. Analysis of quantitative variability for seed yield and related characters in Lotus corniculatus L. cv. Leo. Euphytica 26: 113-122.
46. Schemske, D. W. 1977. Flowering phenology and seed set in Claytonia virginica (Portulacaceae). Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 104: 254-263.
47. Schmitt, J. 1983. Individual flowering phenology, plant size, and reproductive success in Linanthus androsaceus, a California annual. Oecologia 59: 135-140.
48. Seavey, S. R. & K. S. Bawa 1986. Late-acting self-incompatibility in angiosperms. Bot. Rev. 52: 195-219.
49. Turkington, R. & Franko, G. D. 1980. The biology of Canadian weeds. 41. Lotus corniculatus L. Can. J. Plant Sci. 60: 965-979.
50. Waller, D. M. 1988. Plant morphology and reproduction. Pp. 203-227. In: Doust, J. L. & Doust, L. L. (eds), Plant Reproductive Ecology - Patterns and Strategies. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
51. Waser, N. M. & Real, L. A. 1979. Effective mutualism between sequentially flowering plant species. Nature 281: 670-672.
52. Weiner, J. 1988. The influence of competition on plant reproduction. Pp. 228-245. In: Doust, J. L. & Doust, L. L. (eds), Plant Reproductive Ecology - Patterns and Strategies. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
53. Weiner, J. & Thomas, S. C. 1986. Size variability and competition in plant monocultures. Oikos 47: 211-222.
54. Widén, B. 1991. Environmental and genetic influences on phenology and plant size in a perennial herb, Senecio integrifolia. Can. J. Bot. 69: 209-217.
55. Zimmerman, M. 1980. Reproduction in Polemonium: pre-dispersal seed predation. Ecology 61: 502-506.
56. Zimmerman, M. 1988. Nectar production, flowering phenology, and strategies for pollination. Pp. 157-178. In: Lovett Doust, J.L. & Lovett Doust, L. (eds), Plant Reproductive Ecology - Patterns and Strategies. Oxford University Press, U.K.
57. Zimmerman, M. & Gross, R. S. 1984. The relationship between flowering phenology and seed set in an herbaceous perennial plant, Polemonium foliosissimum Gray. Am. Midland Nat. 111: 185-1.