Characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum parasites that survive the lengthy dry season in eastern Sudan where malaria transmission is markedly seasonal

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Volumn 59, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 582-590

  Babiker, Hamza A ^a,b   Abdel Muhsin, Abdel Muhsin A ^c   Ranford Cartwright, Lisa C ^a   Satti, Gwiria ^c   Walliker, David ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^b FEDERAL MINISTRY OF HEALTH   (Sudan)

^c UNIVERSITY OF KHARTOUM   (Sudan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHLOROQUINE; FANSIDAR; MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN 1; MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN 2; PROTOZOAL PROTEIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; BLOOD SMEAR; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; GENOTYPE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALARIA; MALE; MEROZOITE; MICROSCOPY; PARASITE TRANSMISSION; PARASITEMIA; PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; REPRODUCIBILITY; SCHOOL CHILD; SEASONAL VARIATION; SUDAN;

PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PROTOZOA;

EID: 0031755107     PISSN: 00029637     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1998.59.582     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Omer SM, Cloudsley-Thompson JL, 1970. Survival of Anopheles gambiae Giles through a 9-month dry season in Sudan. Bull World Health Organ 42: 9319-9330.
2. Babiker HA, Creasey AM, Fenton B, Bayoumi RA, Arnot, D, Walliker D, 1991. Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum in a village in eastern Sudan. 1. Diversity of enzymes, 2D-PAGE proteins and antigens. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 85: 572-577.
3. Babiker HA, Satti G, Walliker D, 1995. Genetic changes in the population of Plasmodium falciparum in a Sudanese village. Am J Trop Med Hyg 53: 7-15.
4. Roper C, Elhassan IM, Hviid L, Giha H, Richardson W, Babiker HA, Satti G, Theander T, Arnot D. 1996. Detection of very low level Plasmodium falciparum infection using nested polymerase chain reaction, and assessment of the epidemiology of unstable malaria in Sudan. Am J Trop Med Hvg 54: 325-331.
5. Babiker HA, Lines J, Hill WG, Walliker D, 1997. Population structure of Plasmodium falciparum in villages with different malaria endemicity in east Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 56: 141-147.
6. Holder AA, Freeman RR, 1982. Biosynthesis and processing of Plasmodium falciparum schizont antigen recognised by immune serum and a monoclonal antibody. J Exp Med 156: 1528-1538.
7. Smythe JA, Coppel RL, Brown GV, Ramasamy R, Kemp DJ, Anders RF, 1988. Identification of two integral membrane proteins of Plasmodium falciparum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 5195-5199.
8. Borre MB, Dziegiel M, Hogh B, Peterson E, Rieneck K, Riley E, Meis JF, Aikawa M, Nakaura K, Harada M, Wind A, Jakobsen PH, Cowland J, Jepsen S, Axelsen NH, Vuust J, 1991. Primary structure and localization of a conserved immunogenic Plasmodium falciparum glutamate rich protein (GLURP) expressed in both the preerythrocytic and erythrocytic stages of vertebrate life cycle. Mol Biochem Parasitol 49: 119-132.
9. Ranford-Cartwright LC, Balfe R, Carter R, Walliker D, 1993. Frequency of cross-fertilization in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Parasitology 107: 11-18.
10. Paul, REL, Packer ML, Walmsley M, Lagog M, Ranford-Cartwright LC, Paru R, Day K, 1995. Mating patterns in malaria parasite populations of Papua New Guinea. Science 269: 1709-1711.
11. Tanabe K, Mackay M, Goman M, Scaife JG, 1987. Allelic dimorphism in a surface antigen gene of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. J Mol Biol 195: 273-287.
12. Smythe JA, Coppel RL, Day KP, Martin RK, Oduola AMJ, Kemp DJ, Anders RF, 1991. Structural diversity in the Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface antigen MSA-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 1751-1755.
13. Babiker HA, Ranford-Cartwright LC, Currie D, Charlwood JD, Billingsley P, Teuscher T, Walliker D, 1994. Random mating in a natural population of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Parasitology 109: 413-421.
14. Kimura E, Mattei D, Di Santi SM, Scherf A, 1990. Genetic diversity in the major merozoite surface antigen of Plasmodium falciparum: high prevalence of a third polymorphic form detected in strains derived from malaria patients. Gene 91: 57-62.
15. Babiker HA, Ranford-Cartwright LC, Sultan A, Satti G, Walliker D, 1994. Genetic evidence that R1 chloroquine resistance of Plasmodium falciparum is caused by recrudescence of resistant parasites. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88: 328-331.
16. Ranford-Cartwright L, Taylor RR, Asgari-Jirhandeh N, Smith DB, Roberts PE, Robinson J, Babiker HA, Riley EM, Walliker D, McBride, JS, 1996. Differential antibody recognition of FC27 Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein MSP-2 antigens which lack 12 amino acid repeats. Parasite Immunol 18: 411-420.
17. Daubersies P, Sallenave-Sales S, Magne S, Trape J-F, Contamin H, Fandeur T, Rogier C, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Druilhe P, 1996. Rapid turnover of Plasmodium falciparum populations in asymptomatic individuals living in a high transmission area. Am J Trop Med Hyg 54: 18-26.
18. Contamin H, Fandeur T, Rogier C, Bonnefoy S, Konate L, Trape J-F, Mercereau-Puijalon O, 1996. Different genetic characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum isolates during successive clinical malaria episodes in Senegalese children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 54: 632-643.
19. Farnet A, Snounou G, Rooth I, Bjorkman A, 1997. Daily dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum subpopulations in asymptomatic children in a holoendemic area. Am J Trop Med Hyg 56: 538-547.
20. Greenwood BM, Bradley AK, Greenwood AM, Byass P, Jammeh K, Marsh K, Tulloch S, Oldfield FS, Hayes R, 1987. Mortality and morbidity from malaria among children in rural area of The Gambia, West Africa. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 81: 478-486.
21. Smith T, Charlwood JD, Kihonda J, Mwankusye S, Billingsley P, Meuwissen J, Lyimo E, Takken W, Teuscher T, Tanner M, 1993. Absence of seasonal variation on malaria parasitaemia in an area of intense seasonal transmission. Acta Trop 54: 55-72.
22. Krajden S, Panisko DM, Tobe B, Yang J, Keystone JS, 1991. Prolonged infection with Plasmodium falciparum in a semi-immune patient. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 85: 731-732.
23. Mackinnon MJ, 1997. Survival of drug resistant mutants in malaria parasites. Proc R Soc London B Biol Sci 264: 53-59.
24. Dye C, Williams BG, 1997. Mutigenic drug resistance among inbred malaria. Proc R Soc London B Biol Sci 264: 61-67.
25. Su X-Z, Heatwole VM, Wertheimer SP, Quinet F, Herrfeldt JA, Peterson D, Ravetch J, Wellems T, 1995. The large diverse gene family var encodes proteins involved in cytoadherence and antigenic variation of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. Cell 82: 89-100.
26. Biggs B, Anders RF, Radillon HE, Devern KM, Martin M, Petersen C, Brown GV, 1992. Adherence of infected erythrocytes to venular endothelium selects for antigenic variations of Plasmodium falciparum. J Immunol 149: 2047-2054.
27. Lines J, Armstrong JRM, 1992. For a few parasites more: inoculum size, vector control and strain-specific immunity to malaria. Parasitol Today 8: 381-383.
28. Molineaux L, Gramiccia G, 1980. The Garki Project: Research on Epidemiology and Control of Malaria in Sudan Savanna of West Africa. Geneva: World Health Organization.
29. Bottius E, Guanzirolli A, Trape J-F, Rogier C, Konate L and Druilhe P, 1997. Malaria: even more chronic in nature than previously thought; evidence for subpatent parasitaemia detected by the polymerase chain reaction. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 85: 731-732.
30. Snounou G, Viriyakosol S, Jarra W, Thaithong S, Brown KN, 1993. Identification of the four human malaria parasite species in field samples by polymerase chain reaction and detection of high prevalence of mixed infections. Mol Biochem Parasitol 58: 283-292.