Antepartum fetal intracranial hemorrhage, predisposing factors and prenatal sonography: A review

American Journal of Perinatology

Volumn 15, Issue 7, 1998, Pages 431-441

  Sherer, David M ^a   Anyaegbunam, Akolisa ^a   Onyeije, Chukwuma ^a  

^a ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Cerebellar hemorrhage; Fetal intracranial hemorrhage; Intraventricular periventricular; Parenchymal; Prenatal ultrasound; Subdural

Indexed keywords

BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 10; BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 5; COCAINE; WARFARIN;

ABDOMINAL INJURY; AMNIOCENTESIS; BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR DEFICIENCY; BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; CHOLESTASIS; COLOR ULTRASOUND FLOWMETRY; DOPPLER FLOWMETRY; DRUG ABUSE; ECHOGRAPHY; FETUS; FETUS DISEASE; FEVER; HUMAN; IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA; MATERNAL DISEASE; NEWBORN ANEMIA; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REAL TIME ECHOGRAPHY; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SEIZURE; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; VON WILLEBRAND DISEASE;

EID: 0031754426     PISSN: 07351631     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-993971     Document Type: Review

References (97)

1. Cohen HL, Haller J. Advances in perinatal neurosonography. Review. AJR 1994;163:801-810
2. Papile L, Burstein J, Burstein R, Koffier H. Incidence and evolution of subependymal and intraventricular hemorrhage: A study of infants with birthweight less than 1500 gm. J Pediatr 1978;92:529-534
3. Siegel M. Brain. In Siegel M (ed): Pediatric Sonography, 2nd Ed. New York: Raven Press; 1994: pp 29-101
4. Gould SJ, Howard S. An immunohistochemical study of the germinal layer in the late gestational human fetal brain. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 1987;13:421-437
5. Heibel M, Heber R, Bechinger D, Kornhuber HH. Early diagnosis of perinatal cerebral lesions in apparently normal full-term newboms by ultrasound of the brain. Neuroradiology 1993;35:85-91
6. Dickinson JE, Marshall LR, Philips JM, Barr AJL. Antenatal diagnosis and management of fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Am J Perinatol 1995;12:333-335
7. Morales WJ, Stroup M. Intracranial hemorrhage in utero due to isoimmune neonatal thrombocytopenia. Obstet Gynecol 1985;65:20S-21S
8. Johnson JA, Ryan G, al-Musa A, Farkas S, Blanchette VS. Fetal diagnosis and management of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Semin Perinatol 1997;21:45-52
9. Bussel JB, Zabusky MR, Berkowicz RL, McFarland JG. Fetal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. N Engl J Med 1997;337: 22-26
10. Bussel JB, Berkowitz RL, McFarland JG, Lynch L, Chitkara U. Antenatal treatment of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. N Engl J Med 1988;319:1374-1378
11. Bussel JB, Skupski DW, MacFarland JG. Fetal alloimmune thrombocytopenia: Consensus and controversy. J Maternal Fetal Med 1996;5:281-292
12. Burrows RF, Caco CC, Kelton JG. Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia: Spontaneous in utero intracranial hemorrhage. Am J Hematol 1988;28:98-102
13. Lam AH, Shulman LA. Ultrasound in congenital intracranial haemorrhage secondary to isoimmune thrombocytopenia. Pediatr Radiol 1985;15:8-11
14. De Vries LS, Connell J, Bydder GM, et al. Recurrent intracranial haemorrhages in utero in an infant with alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Case report. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1988;95:299-302
15. Tampakoudis P, Bili H, Lazaridis E, et al. Prenatal diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage secondary to maternal idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: A case report. Am J Perinatol 1995;12:268-270
16. Payne SD, Resnik R, Moore TR, Hedriana HL, Kelly TF. Maternal characteristics and risk of severe neonatal thrombocytopenia and intracranial hemorrhage in pregnancies complicated by autoimmune thrombocytopenia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;177:149-155
17. Mullaart RA, Van Dongen P, Gabreæls FJM, van Oostrom C. Fetal periventricular hemorrhage in Von Willebrand's disease: Short review and first case presentation. Am J Perinatol 1991;8:1902
18. Raivo KO, Ikonen E, Saarikoski S. Fetal risks to wafarin therapy during pregnancy. Acta Paediatr Scand 1977;66:735-739
19. Pad S, Helmbrecht GD. Congenital schizencephaly associated with in utero wafarin exposure. Reprod Toxicol 1994;8:115-120
20. Robinson J, Cameron MD, Smith MF, Avers AB. Fetal subdural haemorrhages presenting as hydrocephalus. Br Med J 1980;281:35
21. Ville Y, Jenkins E, Shearer MJ, Hemley H, Vasey DP, Layton M, Nicolaides KH. Fetal intraventricular haemorrhage and maternal wafarin. Lancet 1993;341:1211
22. Shearer ML. Vitamin K metabolism and nutriture. Blood Rev 1992;6:92-104
23. Howe AM, Webster WS. Exposure of the pregnant rat to wafarin and vitamin K: An animal model of intraventricular hemorrhage in the fetus. Teratology 1990;42:413-420
24. Mangiardi JR, Daras M, Geller ME, Weitzner I, Tuchman AJ. Cocaine-related intracranial hemorrhage. Report of nine cases and review. Acta Neurol Scand 1988;77:177-180
25. Nolte KB, Brass LM, Fletterick CF. Intracranial hemorrhage associated with cocaine abuse: A prospective autopsy study. Neurology 1996;46:1291-1296
26. Spires MC, Gordon EF, Choudhuri M, Maldonado E, Chan R. Intracranial hemorrhage in a neonate following prenatal cocaine exosure. Pediatr Neurol 1989;5:324-326
27. van de Bor M, Walther FJ, Sims ME. Increased cerebral blood flow in infants of mothers who abuse cocaine. Pediatrics 1990;85:733-736
28. Heier LA, Carpanzano CR, Mast J, et al. Maternal cocaine abuse: The spectrum of radiologie abnormalities in the neonatal CNS. AmJ Neuroradiol 1991;12:951-956
29. Dusick AM, Covert RF, Schreiber MD, et al. Risk of intracranial hemorrhage and other adverse outcomes after cocaine exposure in a cohort of 323 very low birth weight infants. J Pediatr 1993;122:438-435
30. Minkoff H, Schaffer RM, Delke I, Grunebaum AN. Diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage in utero after a maternal seizure. Obstet Gynecoi 1985;65:22S-24S
31. Bowdler N, Faix RG, Elkins T. Fetal skull fracture and brain injury after an automobileaccident. J Reprod Med 1987; 37:375-378
32. Sherer DM, Abramowicz JS, Babkowski R, Metlay LA, Ron M, Woods JR. Extensive fecal intrathoracic injuries sustained in a motor vehicle accident. Am J Perinatol 1993; 10:414-416
33. Rothenberger D, Quattlebaum FW, Perry JF, Zabel J, Fisher RP. Blunt maternal trauma: a review of 103 cases. J Trauma 1978;18:173-179
34. Sokal MM, Katz M, Lell ME, Fox A. Nenotal survival after traumatic fetal subdural hematoma. J Reprod Med 1980: 24 131-133
35. Gunn TR, Becroft DMO. Unexplained intracranial haemorrhage in utero: The battered fetus? Aust NZ Obstet Gynecoi 1984;24:17-22
36. Knuppel RA, Salvatore DLD, Agarwal R, Leiman S, Sikka A. Documented fetal brain damage resulting from motor vehicle accident. J Ultrasound Med 1994;13:402-404
37. Baethmann M, Kahn T, Lenard HG, Voit T. Fetal CNS damage after exposure to maternal trauma during pregnancy. Acta Paediatr 1996;85:1331-1338
38. Portman M, Brouilette RT. Fetal intracranial hemorrhage complicating amniocentesis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982; 144:731-735
39. Matos A, Bernardes J, Ayres-de-Champs D, Patricio B. Antepartum fetal cerebral hemorrhage not predicted by current surveillance methods in cholestasis of pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1997;89:803-804
40. Sadler LC, Lane M, North R. Severe fetal intracranial hemorrhage during treatment with cholestramine for intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1995;102:169-170
41. Mays J, Verma U, Klein S, Tejani N. Acute appendicitis in pregnancy and the occurrence of major intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia. Obstet Gynecol 1995;86:650-652
42. Kim MS, Elyaderani M. Sonographic diagnosis of cerebroventricular hemorrhage in utero. Radiology 1982;142: 479-480
43. Whitelaw A, Haines ME, Bolsover W, Harris E. Factor V deficiency and antenatal intraventricular hemorrhage. Arch Dis Child 1984;59:997-999
44. De Sousa CD, Clark T, Bradshaw A. Antenatally diagnosed subdural hemorrhage in congenital factor-X deficiency. Arch Dis Child 1988;63:1168-1170
45. Hurst AW, Abbitt PL. Fetal intracranial hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia: Complications of twin-twin transfusion. Am J Neuroradiol 1989;10:S62-S63
46. Sherer DM, Abramowicz JS, Jaffe R, et al. Twin-twin transfusion with abrupt onset of microcephaly in the surviving recipient following spontaneous death of the donor twin. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994;170:1480-1481
47. Giacoia GP. Severe fetomaternal hemorrhage. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1997;52:372-380
48. Lionnet C, Body G, Gold F, et al. Fetal cerebral accident due to massive fetomaternal hemorrhage. A case report. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 1995;24:553-556
49. Akanli LF, Cohen-Addad NE, Malabanan NV, Margono F, Krilov MA. Massive fetomaternal hemorrhage. Am J Perinatol 1997;14:271-273
50. Catanzarite VA, Schrimmer DB, Maida C, Mendoza A. Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage: Report of a case with a sinusoidal fetal heart rate tracing, and review of the literature. Prenat Diagn 1995;15:229-235
51. Sherer DM, Onyeije CI. Prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of fetal intracranial tumors. Am J Perinatol 1998: (in press)
52. DUren M, Tercanli S, Gullotta F, Holzgreve W. Prenatal diagnosis of highly differentiated brain tumour - A case report and review of the literature. Prenat Diagn 1997;17:967-971
53. Adra AM, Mejides AA, Salman FA, Landy HJ, Helfgott AW. Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of a third ventricle choroid plexus papilloma. Prenat Diagn 1994;14:865-867
54. Vollerson E, Hof M, Gembruch U. Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of fetal adrenal gland hemorrhage. Fetal Diag Ther 1996;11:286-291
55. Sherer DM, Kendig JW, Sickel JZ, Salafia CM, Donahue ML. In utero adrenal hemorrhage associated with fetal distress, subsequent transient neonatal hypertension and a nonfunctioning ipsilateral kidney. Am J Perinatol 1994; 11:302-304
56. Strouse PJ, Bowerman RA, Schlesinger AE. Antenatal sonographic findings of fetal hemorrhage. J Clin Ultrasound 1995;23:442-446
57. Decoret E, Sibony O, Vuillard E, et al. Prenatal diagnosis of in utero fetal gastrointestinal bleeding. Fetal Diagn Ther 1994;9:252-255
58. Vergani P, Strobelt N, Locatelli A, et al. Clinical significance of fetal intracranial hemorrhage. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;175:536-543
59. Lustig-Gillman I, Young BK, Silverman F, et al. Fetal intraventricular hemorrhage: Sonographic diagnosis and clinical implications. J Clin Ultrasound 1983;11:277-280
60. Jackson JC, Blumhagen JD. Congenital hydrocephalus due to prenatal intracranial hemorrhage. Pediatrics 1983;72: 344-346
61. McGahan JP, Haesslein HC, Meyers M, Ford KB. Sonographic recognition of in utero intraventricular hemorrhage. AJR 1984;142:171-173
62. Mintz M, Arger P, Coleman B. In utero sonographic diagnosis of intracerebral hemorrhage. J Ultrasound Med 1985; 4:375-376
63. Pretorius DH, Russ PD, Rumack CM, Manco-Johnson ML. Diagnosis of brain neuropathology in utero. Neurology 1986;28:386-397
64. Pretorius DH, Singh S, Manco-Johnson ML, Rumack CM. In-utero diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage resulting in fetal hydrocephalus. J Reprod Med 1986;31:136-138
65. Leidig E, Dannecker G, Pfeiffer KH, Salinas R, Peiffer J. Intrauterine development of posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Eur J Pediatr 1988;147:26-29
66. Stirling HF, Hendry M, Brown JK. Prenatal intracranial hemorrhage. Dev Med Child Neurol 1989;31:807-811
67. Fogarty K, Cohen HL, Haller JO. Songraphy of fetal intracranial hemorrhage: Unusual cases and review of the literature. J Clin Ultrasound 1989;17:366-370
68. DeVore GR. In-utero cerebral vascular accident prior to external cephalic version. J Clin Ultrasound 1991;19:227-229
69. Achiron R, Pinchas OH, Reichmann B, et al. Fetal intracranial hemorrhage: Clinical significance of in utero ultrasongraphic diagnosis. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1993;100: 995-999
70. Anderson MW, McGahan JP. Sonographic detection of an in utero intracranial hemorrhage in the second trimester. J Ultrasound Med 1994;13:315-318
71. Reiss I, Gortner L, Moller J, et al. Fetal intracerebral hemorrhage in the second trimester: Diagnosis by sonography and magnetic resonance imaging. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1996;7:49-51
72. Guerriero S, Ajossa S, Mais V, et al. Color Doppler energy imaging in the diagnosis of fetal intracranial hemorrhage in the second trimester. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1997;10:205-208
73. Coulson CC, Kuller JA, Sweeney WJ. Nonimmune hydrops and hydrocephalus secondary to fetal intracranial hemorrhage. Am J Perinatol 1994;11:253-254
74. Mari G, Abuhammad AZ, Keller M, et al. Is the fetal brain-sparing effect a risk factor for the development of intraventricular hemorrhage in the preterm infant? Ultrasound Obstet Gyencol 1996;8:329-332
75. Volpe JJ. Current concepts of brain injury in the premature infant. AJR 1989;153:243-251
76. Stoddard RA, Clark SL, Minton SD. In utero ischemic injury: Sonographic diagnosis and medicolegal implications. Am J Obstet 1988;159:23-25
77. Siboni O, Fondacci C, Oury JF, et al. In utero fetal cerebral intraparenchymal hemorrhage associated with an abnormal cerebral Doppler. Fetal Diagn Ther 1993;8: 126-128
78. Greene MF, Benacerraf B, Crawford JM. Hydranencephaly: US appearance during in utero evolution. Radiology 1985;156:779-780
79. Donn SM, Barr M, McLeary RD. Massive intracerebral hemorrhage in utero: Sonographic appearance and pathologic correlation. Obstet Gynecol 1984;63:28S-30S
80. Edmonson SR, Hallak M, Carpenter RJ, Cotton DB. Evolution of hydranencephaly following intracerebral hemorrhage. Obstet Gynecol 1992;79:870-871
81. Bondurant S, Boehm FH, Fleischer AC, Machin JE. Antepartum diagnosis of fetal intracranial hemorrhage by ultrasound. Obstet Gynecol 1984;63:25S-27S
82. Gunn TR, Mok PM, Becroft DMO. Subdural hemorrhage in utero. Pediatrics 1985;76:605-609
83. Hanigan WC, Ali MB, Cusak TJ, Miller TC, Shall JJ. Diagnosis of subdural hemorrhage in utero. J Neurosurg 1985; 63:977-979
84. Rotmensch S, Grannum PA, Nores JA, et al. In utero diagnosis and management of fetal subdural hematoma. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;164:1246-1248
85. Mateos F, Esteban J, Ranmos JT, et al. Fetal subdural hematoma: Diagnosis in utero. Pediatr Neurosci 1987;13: 125-128
86. Demir RH, Gleicher N, Myers SA. Atraumatic antepartum subdural hematoma causing fetal death. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989;160:619-620
87. Kawabata I, Imai A, Tamya T. Antenatal subdural hemorrhage causing fetal death before labour. Int J Gynecol Obstet 1993;43:57-60
88. Ben-Chitrit A, Antebv E, Zacut D, Yagel S. Increased middle cerebral artery blood flow impedance in fetal subdural hematoma. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1991;1: 357-358
89. Laing FC, Stamler CE, Jeffrey RB. Ultrasonography of the fetal subarachnoid space. J Ultrasound Med 1983;2:29-32
90. Jennett RJ, Daily WJR, Tarby TJ, Manwaring KH. Prenatal diagnosis of intracerebellar hemorrhage: Case report. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990;162:1472-1475
91. Haidi HA, Finley J, Mallette JQ, Strickland D. Prenatal diagnosis of cerebellar hemorrhage: Medicolegal implications. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994;170:1392-1395
92. Vyas S, Nicolaides KH, Bower S, Campbell S. Middle cerebral artery flow veocity waveforms in fetal hypoxaemia. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1990;97:797-803
93. Vyas S, Campbell S, Bower S, Nicolaides KH. Maternal abdominal transducer pressure alters fetal cerebral blood flow, BrJ Obstet Gynaecol 1990;97:740-742
94. Sims ME, Mann E. Communicating hydrocephalus secondary to fetal intracranial hemorrhage. J Perinatol 1988; 8:371-373
95. Eller KM, Kuller JA. Fetal porencephaly: A review of etiology, diagnosis, and prognosis. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1995; 50:684-687
96. Scher MS, Belfar H, Martin J, Painter MJ. Destructive brain lesions of presumed fetal onset: Antepartum causes of cerebral palsy. Pediatrics 1991;88:898-906
97. Shaver DC, Bada HS, Korones SB, et al. Early and late intraventricular hemorrhage: The role of obstetric factors. Obstet Gynecol 1992;80:831-837