Reduced noradrenergic tone to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus contributes to the stress hyporesponsiveness of lactation

Journal of Neuroendocrinology

Volumn 10, Issue 6, 1998, Pages 417-427

  Toufexis, Donna J ^a   Thrivikraman, K V ^b   Plotsky, Paul M ^b   Morilak, David A ^c   Huang, Ning ^a   Walker, Claire Dominique ^a  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio   (United States)

Author keywords

Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus; Lactation; Noradrenergic regulation; Stress

Indexed keywords

ADRENALIN; CORTICOTROPIN; CORYNANTHINE; IDAZOXAN; NORADRENALIN;

ADRENALIN RELEASE; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; AUTORADIOGRAPHY; FEMALE; IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; LACTATION; MICRODIALYSIS; NONHUMAN; NORADRENALIN RELEASE; NORADRENERGIC NERVE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; RECEPTOR AFFINITY; RECEPTOR DENSITY; SCATCHARD PLOT; STRESS; SUPRAOPTIC NUCLEUS; THALAMUS MIDLINE NUCLEUS;

ADRENERGIC ALPHA-ANTAGONISTS; ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE; ANIMALS; DOWN-REGULATION; EPINEPHRINE; FEMALE; LACTATION; METHOXYHYDROXYPHENYLGLYCOL; MICRODIALYSIS; NOREPINEPHRINE; PARAVENTRICULAR HYPOTHALAMIC NUCLEUS; PREGNANCY; RATS; RATS, SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC, ALPHA; STRESS;

EID: 0031748649     PISSN: 09538194     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2826.1998.00223.x     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Lightman SL. Alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary responsiveness during lactation. Ann NY Acad Sci 1992; 652: 340-346.
2. Altemus M, Deuster PA, Galliven E, Carter CS, Gold PW. Suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to stress in lactating women. J Clin Endocrin Metabol 1995; 80: 2954-2959.
3. Walker C-D, Trottier G, Rochford J, Lavallee D. Dissociation between behavioral and hormonal responses to the forced swim test in lactating rats. J Neuroendocrinology 1995; 7: 615-622.
4. Walker C-D, Lightman SL, Steele MK, Dallman MF. Suckling is a persistent stimulus to the adrenocortical system of the rat. Endocrinology 1992; 130: 115-125.
5. Stern JM, Goldman L, Levine S. Pituitary-adrenal responsiveness during lactation in rats. Neuroendocrinology 1973; 12: 179-191.
6. Windle RJ, Wood S, Shanks N, Perks P, Conde GL, daCosta APC, Ingram CD, Lightman SL. Endocrine and behavioral responses to noise stress: comparison of virgin and lactating female rats during non-disrupted maternal activity. J Neuroendocrinol 1997; 9: 407-414.
7. Stern JM, Levine S. Pituitary-adrenal activity in the post-partum rat in the absence of lactation. Horm Behav 1972; 3: 237-246.
8. Lightman SL, Young IIIWS. Lactation inhibits stress-mediated secretion of corticosterone and oxytocin and hypothalamic accumulation of corticotropin-releasing factor and enkephalin messenger ribonucleic acids. Endocrinology 1989; 124: 2358-2364.
9. Windle RJ, Brady MM, Kunanandam T, Da Costa APC, Wilson BC, Harbuz M, Lightman SL, Ingram CD. Reduced response of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis to alpha-1-agonist stimulation during lactation. Endocrinology 1997; 138: 3741-3748.
10. Walker C-D. Modifications neuroendocriniennes reliées à l'activité de l'axe corticotrope au cours de la lactation chez le rat. Annales d'Endocrinologie (Paris) 1995; 56: 169-172.
11. Swanson LW, Sawchenko PE. Hypothalamic integration: organization of the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei. Ann Rev Neurol 1983; 6: 269-324.
12. Antoni FA. Hypothalamic control of adrenocorticotropin secretion: advances since the discovery of 41-amino acid residue CRF. Endocrine Rev 1986; 7: 351-358.
13. Plotsky PM. Regulation of hypophysiotropic factors mediating ACTH secretion. Ann NY Acad Sci 1987; 512: 205-217.
14. Whitnall MH. Regulation of the hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone neuro-secretory system. Prog Neurobiol 1993; 40: 573-629.
15. Day TA, Ferguson AV, Renaud LP. Facilitatory influence of noradrenergic afferents on the excitability of rat paraventricular nucleus neurosecretory cells. J Physiol 1984; 355: 237-249.
16. Szafarczyk A, Malaval F, Laurent A, Gibaud R, Assenmacher I. Further evidence for a central stimulatory action of catecholamines on adrenocorticotropin release in the rat. Endocrinology 1987; 121: 883-892.
17. Lacheur J, Gaillet S, Barbagli B, Buda M, Tappaz M. Differential time course activation of the brain-stem catecholaminergic groups in response to various stresses. Neuroendocrinology 1991; 53: 589-596.
18. Pacak K, Palkovits M, Kvetnansky R, Kopin IJ, Goldstein DS. Stress-induced norepinephrine release in the paraventricular nucleus of rats with brain-stem hemisections: a microdialysis study. Neuroendocrinology 1993; 58: 196-201.
19. Plotsky PM, Cunningham ET Jr, Widmaier EP. Catecholaminergic modulation of corticotropin-releasing factor and adrenocorticotropin secretion. Endocrine Rev 1989; 10: 437-458.
20. Plotsky PM. Facilitation of immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing factor into the hypophysial portal circulation after activation of catecholaminergic pathways or central norepinephrine injection. Endocrinology 1987; 121: 924-930.
21. Weiss JM, Stout JC, Aaron MF, Quan N, Owens MJ, Butler PD, Nemeroff CB. Depression and anxiety: role of the locus coeruleus and corticotropin releasing factor. Brain Res Bull 1994; 35: 561-572.
22. Crowley WR, Shyr SW, Kacsoh B, Grosvenor CE. Evidence for stimulatory noradrenergic and inhibitory dopaminergic regulation of oxytocin release in the lactating rat. Endocrinology 1987; 121: 14-20.
23. Michaloudi HC, EIMajdoubi M, Poulain DA, Papdopoulos GC, Theodosis DT. The noradrenergic innervation of identified hypothalamic magnocellular somata and its contribution to lactation-induced synaptic plasticity. J Neuroendocrinol 1997; 9: 17-23.
24. Toufexis DJ, Walker C-D. Noradrenergic facilitation of the adrenocorticotropin response to stress is absent during lactation in the rat. Brain Res 1996; 737: 71-77.
25. Domyancic AV, Morilak DA. Distribution of -IA adrenergic receptor mRNA in the rat brain visualized by in situ hybridization. J Comp Neurol 1997; 386: 358-378.
26. Gaillet S, Malaval F, Barbanel G, Pelletier G, Assenmacher I, Szafarczyk A. Inhibitory interactions between alpha-2-adrenergic and opioid but not NPY mechanisms controlling the CRF-ACTH axis in the rat. Regulatory Peptides 1991; 36: 249-261.
27. Bridges RS. A quantitative analysis of the roles of dosage, sequence, and duration of estradiol and progesterone exposure in the regulation of maternal behavior in the rat. Endocrinology 1984; 114: 930-940.
28. Fox SR, Smith MS. The suppression of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion during lactation in the rat. Endocrinology 1984; 115: 2045-2051.
29. Smith MS, Neill JD. Inhibition of gonadotropin secretion during lactation in the rat: relative contribution of suckling and ovarian steroids. Biol Reprod 1977; 17: 255-261.
30. Montagnese CM, Poulain DA, Vincent JD, Theodosis DT. Structural plasticity in the rat supraoptic nucleus during gestation, post-partum lactation and suckling-induced pseudo-gestation and lactation. J Endocrinol 1987; 115: 97-105.
31. daCosta AP, Wood S, Ingram CD, Lightman SL. Region-specific reduction in stress-induced c-fos mRNA expression during pregnancy and lactation. Brain Res 1996; 742: 177-184.
32. Abbud R, Huffman GE, Smith MS. Lactation-induced deficits in NMDA receptor-mediated cortical and hippocampal activation: changes in NMDA receptor gene expression and brain-stem activation. Mol Brain Res 1994; 25: 323-332.
33. Pacak K, Palkovits M, Kopin IJ, Golste DS. Stress-induced norepinephrine release in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and pituitary-adrenocortical and sympathoadrenal activity. Frontiers Neuroendo 1995; 16: 89-150.
34. Leibowitz SF. Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus: interaction between alpha-2-noradrenergic system and circulating hormones and nutrients in relation of energy balance. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 1988; 12: 101-109.
35. Karkanias GB, Etgen AM. Estradiol reduction of the high affinity form of the alpha-2 adrenoreceptor in the hypothalamus of female rats: identification of the alpha-2D subtype. Mol Pharmacol 1994; 45: 509-516.
36. Condon TP, Ronnekleiv OK, Kelly MJ. Estrogen modulation of the alpha-1-adrenergic response of hypothalamic neurons. Neuroendocrinology 1989; 50: 51-58.
37. Petitti N, Etgen AM. Alpha-1 adrenoreceptor augmentation of beta-stimulated cAMP formation is enhanced by estrogen and reduced by progesterone in rat hypothalamic slices. J Neurosci 1990; 10: 2842-2849.
38. Karkanias GB, Petitti N, Etgen AM. Progesterone attenuation of alpha-1 adreoreceptor stimulation of phosphoinosital hydrolysis in hypothalamus of estrogen-primed female rats. Endocrinology 1995; 136: 1993-1999.
39. Karkanias GB, Etgen AM. A thermodynamic analysis of estrogen regulation of alpha-2 adrenoceptor binding. Brain Res 1995; 674: 26-32.
40. Petitti N, Etgen AM. Progesterone promotes rapid desensitization of alpha-1 adrenergic receptor augmentation of cAMP formation in rat hypothalamic slices. Neuroendocrinology 1992; 55: 1-8.
41. Etgen AM, Karkanias GB. Estradiol regulates the number of alpha-1 but not beta or alpha-2 noradrenergic receptors in the hypothalamus of female rats. Neurochem Int 1990; 16: 1-9.
42. Stone EA. Central Cyclic-AMP-linked noradrenergic receptors: new findings on properties as related to the actions of stress. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 1987; 11: 391-398.
43. Chen P, Li C, Smith MS. Brainstem pathways activated by the suckling stimulus: a comparison of neural stimuli from suckling versus pup exposure. Abstract, Society for Neuroscience, November 1996.
44. Navarra P, Eechaute W, Preziosi P, Lacroix E. Alpha-2 adrenoceptor mediated inhibition of prolactin release in suckling- or fenfluramine-induced hyperprolactinemia. Horm Metab Res 1991; 23: 213-217.
45. Paxinos G, Watson C. The Rat Brain. New York: Academic Press, 1986.
46. 3H]rauwolscine? A comparision of nine tissues and cell lines. J Pharmacol Exp 1995; 273: 1287-1294.
47. Walker C-D, Akana SF, Cascio CS, Dallman MF. Adrenaleclomy in the neonate: adult-like adrenocortical system responses to both removal and replacement of corticosterone. Endocrinology 1990; 127: 832-842.
48. Cummings S, Seybold V. Relationship of alpha-1 and alpha-2-adrenergic binding sites to regions of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus containing corticotropin-releasing factor and vasopressin neurons. Neuroendocrinology 1988; 47: 523-532.
49. Wamsley JK, Alburges ME, Hunt MA, Bylund DB. Differential localization of alpha-2 adrenergic receptor subtypes in the brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1992; 41: 267-273.
50. Thivikraman KV, Bereiter DA, Gann DS. Catecholamine activity in paraventricular hypothalamus after hemorrhage in cats. Am J Physiol 1989; 257: R370-R376.
51. Thivikraman KV, Plotsky PM. Gann DS. Alterations of locus coeruleus noradrenergic activity in relation to pituitary secretion after hemorrhage in cats. Neurosci Lett 1993; 161: 85-88.
52. Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 1976; 72: 248-254.
53. Williams AM, Nguyen ML, Morilak DA. Colocalization of alpha-1D adrenergic receptor mRNA with type I and type II glucocorticoid receptor mRNA in rat hippocampus. J Neuroendocrinol 1997; 9: 113-119.
54. Lomasney JW, Cotecchia S, Lorenz W, Leung W-Y, Schwinn DA, Yang-Feng TL, Brownstein M, Lefkowitz RJ, Caron MG. Molecular cloning and expression of the cDNA for the alpha-1A-adrenergic receptor, the gene for which is located on human chromosome 5. J Biol Chem 1991; 266: 6365-6369.