Simulation of primary production and export fluxes in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea

Journal of Marine Research

Volumn 56, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 197-238

  Lévy, Marina ^a   Mémery, Laurent ^a   André, Jean Michel ^b  

^a SORBONNE UNIVERSITÉ   (France)

^b INSTITUT DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT   (New Caledonia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL; DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER; PARTICULATE EXPORT; PRIMARY PRODUCTION;

EID: 0031746564     PISSN: 00222402     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1357/002224098321836163     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Alcaraz, M. 1988. Summer Zooplankton metabolism and its relation to primary production in the Western Mediterranean. Ocean. Acta, 9, Pelagic Mediterranean Oceanography, 185-191.
2. Andersen, V. and P. Nival. 1988a. Modèle d'écosystème pélagique des eaux côtières de la Mer Ligure. Océan. Acta, 9, Pelagic Mediterranean Oceanography, 211-217.
3. _ 1988b. A pelagic ecosystem model simulating production and sedimentation of biogenic particles: role of salps and copepods. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 44, 37-50.
4. André, J.-M. 1990. Télédétection spaciale de la couleur de la mer: algorithme d'inversion des mesures du Coastal Zone Color Scanner. Applications à l'étude de la Méditerranée occidentale. PhD, University Paris 6, France.
5. Antoine, D., A. Morel and J.-M. André. 1995. Algal pigment distribution and primary production in the Eastern Mediterranean as derived from coastal zone color scanner observations. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 16193-16209.
6. Avril, B. 1995. Le carbone organique dissous en milieu marin. PhD, University Paris 6.
7. Bender, M., H. Ducklow, J. Kiddon, J. Marra and J. Martin. 1992. The carbon balance during the 1989 spring bloom in the North Atlantic Ocean, 47°N, 20°W. Deep-Sea Res., 39, 1707-1725.
8. Bethoux, J.-P. 1981. Le phosphore et l'azote en mer Mediterranée, bilans et fertilité potentielle. Mar. Chem., 10, 141-158.
9. _ 1989. Oxygen consumption, new production, vertical advection and environmental evolution in the Mediterranean Sea. Deep-Sea Res., 36, 769-781.
10. Bianchi, M., P. Morin and P. Le Corre. 1993. Nitrification rates, nitrite and nitrate distribution in the Almeria-Oran frontal system (eastern Alboran Sea). J. Mar. Syst., 5, 327-342.
11. Carlson, C. A., H. W. Ducklow and A. F. Michaels. 1994. Annual flux of dissolved organic carbon from the euphotic zone in the Northwestern Sargasso Sea. Nature, 371, 405-408.
12. Cho, B. C. and F. Azam. 1990. Biogeochemical significance of bacterial biomass in the ocean's euphotic zone. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 63, 253-259.
13. Claustre, H. 1994. The trophic status of various oceanic provinces as revealed by phytoplankton pigment signatures. Limnol. Oceanogr., 39, 1206-1210.
14. Cloern, J. E., C. Grenz and L. Vidergar-Lucas. 1995. An empirical model of the phytoplankton chlorophyll:carbon ratio - the conversion factor between productivity and growth rate. Limnol. Oceanogr., 40, 1313-1321.
15. Copin-Montegut, G. and B. Avril. 1993. Vertical distribution and temporal variation on dissolved organic carbon in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Deep-Sea Res., 40, 1963-1972.
16. Doney, S. C., D. M. Glover and R. G. Najjar. 1996. A new coupled one dimensional biological-physical model for the upper ocean: applications to the JGOFS Bermuda Atlantic Time series Study (BATS) site. Deep-Sea Res., 43, 591-624.
17. 2 in the ocean. PhD, University of Bergen, Norway.
18. Ducklow, H. W. and C. A. Carlson. 1992. Oceanic bacterial production, in Advances in Microbial Ecology, P. P. K. C. Marshall, New-York, 113-181.
19. Ducklow, H. W., C. A. Carlson, N. R. Bates, A. H. Knap and A. F. Michaels. 1995. Dissolved organic carbon as a component of the biological pump in the North Atlantic Ocean. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond, 348, 161-167.
20. Dugdale, R. C. and J. J. Goering. 1967. Uptake of new and regenerated forms of nitrogen in primary productivity. Limnol. Oceanogr., 12, 196-206.
21. DYFAMED-JGOFS France. 1995. Recueil de données (Janvier 1991-Decembre 1993).
22. Eppley, R. W., C. Garside, E. H. Renger and E. Orellana. 1990. Variability of nitrate concentrations in nitrogen-depleted subtropical surface waters. Mar. Biol., 107, 53-60.
23. Eppley, R. W. and R. W. Koeve. 1990. Nitrate use by plankton in the eastern subtropical North Atlantic, March-April 1989. Limnol. Oceanogr., 35, 1781-1788.
24. Eppley, R. W. and B. J. Peterson. 1979. Particulate organic matter flux and planktonic new production in the deep ocean. Nature, 282, 57-70.
25. Fasham, M. J. R. 1995. Variations in the seasonal cycle of biological production in subarctic oceans: a model sensitivity analysis. Deep-Sea Res., 42, 1111-1149.
26. Fasham, M. J. R., H. W. Ducklow and S. M. McKelvie. 1990. A nitrogen-based model of plankton dynamics in the oceanic mixed-layer. J. Mar. Res., 48, 591-639.
27. Fasham, M. J. R., J. L. Sarmiento, R. D. Slater, H. W. Ducklow and R. Williams. 1993. Ecosystem behavior at Bermuda station "S" and ocean weather station "India": a general circulation model and observational analysis. Global Biogeo. Cycles, 7, 379-415.
28. Ferrier-Pagès, C. and F. Rassoulzadegan. 1994. N remineralization in planktonic protozoa. Limnol. Oceanogr., 39, 411-419.
29. Fowler, S. W., L. F. Small and J. La Rosa. 1991. Seasonal particulate carbon flux in the coastal Northwestern Mediterranean Sea, and the role of Zooplankton fecal matter. Ocean. Acta. 14, 77-85.
30. Frost, B. W. 1987. Grazing control of phytoplankton in the open subarctic Pacific Ocean: a model assessing the role of mesozooplancton, particularly the large calanoid copepods Neocalanus spp. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 39, 49-68.
31. Fuhrman, J. 1992. Bacterioplankton roles in cycling of organic matter: the microbial food web, in Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea, P. G. Falkowski and A. D. Woodhead, Plenum Press, New-York, 361-383.
32. Gascard, J. C. 1978. Mediterranean deep water formation, baroclinic instability and oceanic eddies. Ocean. Acta, 1, 315-330.
33. Caspar, P., Y. Gregories and J. M. Lefevre. 1990. A simple eddy kinetic energy model for simulations of the oceanic vertical mixing: tests at station papa and long term upper ocean study site. J. Geophys. Res., 95, 16179-16193.
34. Gentilhomme, V. 1992. Quantification des flux d'absorption et de regeneration de l'azote mineral (nitrate, nitrite et ammonium) et organique (urée) dans la couche euphotique des océans oligotrophes. PhD, University of Aix-Marseille II, France.
35. Gentilhomme, V. and G. Slawyk. 1991. Dosage de l'ammonium et de l'urée dans la couche euphotique, In Production pélagique de la Méditerranée sub occidentale, Campagne Mediprod VI, campagnes Océanographiques Francaises, 16, 133-138.
36. Gostan, J. and P. Nival. 1963. Distribution hivernale des caractéristiques hydrologiques en mer Ligure et estimation de l'abondance du phytoplancton par la methode des pigments. C. R. Acad. Sc. Paris, 257, 2872-2875.
37. Gran, H. and T. Braarud. 1935. A quantitative study of phytoplankton in the Bay of Fundy in the Gulf of Maine. J. Biol. Board. Canada, 1(5), 279-467.
38. Harrison, W. G., L. R. Harris and B. D. Irwin. 1996. The kinetics of nitrogen utilization in the oceanic mixed-layer: nitrate and ammonium interactions at nanomolar concentrations. Limnol. Oceanogr., 41, 16-32.
39. Ho, C. and J. Marra. 1994. Early-spring export of phytoplankton production in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 114, 197-202.
40. Houghton, J. T., G. J. Jenkins and J. J. Ephraums. 1990. Climate Change: the IPCC Scientific Assessment, WMO, UNEP.
41. Hurtt, G. C. and R. A. Armstrong. 1996. A pelagic ecosystem model calibrated with BATS data. Deep-Sea Res., 43, 653-683.
42. Jacques, G. 1988. Flux de carbone en milieu pélagique de Méditerranée occidentale lors de la floraison printanière. Ocean. Acta, 9, Pelagic Mediterranean Oceanography, 143-148.
43. Jacques, G., M. Minas, J. Neveux, P. Nival and G. Slawyk. 1976. Conditions estivales dans la divergence de Méditerranée Nord-Occidentale. III. Phytoplancton. Ann. Inst. Oceanogr., 52, 141-152.
44. Kirchman, D. L., Y. Susuki, C. Garside and H. W. Ducklow. 1991. Bacterial oxidation of dissolved organic carbon in the North Atlantic cean during the spring bloom. Nature, 352, 612-614.
45. Krstulovic, N., T. Pucher-Petkovic and M. Solic. 1995. The relation between bacterioplankton and phytoplankton production in the mid Adriatic Sea. Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 9, 41-45.
46. Lawson, L. M., E. E. Hofmann and Y. H. Spitz. 1996. Time series sampling and data assimilation in a simple marine ecosystem model. Deep-Sea Res., 43, 625-651.
47. Lefèvre, D., M. Denis, C. Lambert and J.-C. Miquel. 1996. Is DOC the main source of organic matter remineralization in the ocean water column? J. Mar. Syst., 7, 281-291.
48. Lévy, M. 1996. Modélisation des cycles biogéochimiques en Méditerranée nordoccidentale: variabilité mésoéchelle et cycle saisonnier. PhD, Paris 6.
49. Longhurst, A. R. and W. G. Harrison. 1989. The biological pump: profiles of plankton production and consumption in the upper ocean. Prog. Oceanogr., 22, 47-123.
50. Marra, J., T. Dickey, W. S. Chamberlin, C. Ho, T. Granata, D. A. Kiefer, C. Langdon, R. Smith, R. Bidigare and M. Hamilton. 1992. Estimation of seasonal primary production from moored optical sensors in the Sargasso Sea. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 7399-7412.
51. Marty, J.-C. 1993. Opération DYFAMED, rapport d'activité pour 1993 et programme pour 1994, programme France/JGOFS.
52. Marty, J.-C., B. Avril, G. Copin-Montegut and J.-C. Miquel. 1994a. Importance of the dissolved pathway in the vertical flux of carbon in the Ligurian Sea, n°3, Le courrier de JGOFS-France.
53. Marty, J.-C., E. Nicolas, J. C. Miquel and S. W. Fowler. 1994b. Particulate fluxes of organic compounds and their relationship to zooplancton fecal pellets in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Mar. Chem., 46, 387-405.
54. McGillicuddy, D. J., J. J. McCarthy and A. R. Robinson. 1995. Coupled physical and biological modeling of the spring bloom in the North Atlantic (1): model formulation and one dimensional bloom processes. Deep-Sea Res., 42, 1313-1357.
55. Medoc group. 1970. Observation of formation of deep water in the Mediterranean Sea, 1969. Nature. 227, 1037-1040.
56. Millot, C. 1987. Circulation in the Western Mediterranean Sea. Ocean. Acta, 9, Pelagic Mediterranean Oceanography, 143-149.
57. Minas, H. J. 1970. La distribution de l'oxygène en relation avec la production primaire en Méditerranée nord-occidentale. Mar. Biol., 7, 181-204.
58. Minas, H. J. and M.-C. Bonin. 1988. Oxygénation physique et biologique de la Méditerranée nord-occidentale en hiver et au printemps. Ocean. Acta, 9, Pelagic Mediterranean Oceanography, 123-131.
59. Minas, H. J. and L. A. Codispoti. 1993. Estimation of primary production by observation of changes in the mesoscale nitrate field. ICES Mar. Sci. Symp., 197, 215-235.
60. Minas, H. J., M. Minas, B. Coste, J. Gostan, P. Nival and M. C. Bonin. 1988. Production de base et de recyclage; une revue de la problèmatique en Méditerranée Nord-Occidentale. Ocean. Acta, 9, 155-162.
61. Miquel, J.-C., S. W. Fowler and J. La Rosa. 1993. Vertical particle fluxes in the Ligurian Sea. Ann. Inst. Oceanogr., 69, 107-110.
62. Miquel, J.-C., S. W. Flower, J. La Rosa and P. Buat-Menard. 1994. Dynamics of the downward flux of particles and carbon in the open Northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Deep-Sea Res., 41, 243-262.
63. Morel, A. 1988. Optical modeling of the upper ocean in relation to its biogenous matter content (case I waters). J. Geophys. Res., 93, 10749-10768.
64. Morel, A. 1991. Light and marine photosynthesis: a spectral model with geochemical and climatological implications. Prog. Oceanogr., 26, 263-306.
65. Morel, A. and J.-M. André. 1991. Pigment distribution and primary production in the western Medterranean, as derived and modeled from coastal zone color scanner observations. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 12685-12698.
66. Nival, P., S. Nival and A. Thiriot. 1975. Influence des conditions hivernales sur les productions phyto-et zooplanctoniques en Méditerranée nordoccidentale. V: Biomasse et production zooplanctonique-relations phyto-zooplancton. Mar. Biol., 31, 249-270.
67. Pollehne, F., B. Klein and B. Zeitzschel, 1993. Low light adaptation and export production in the deep chlorophyll maximum layer in the Northern Indian Ocean. Deep-Sea Res., 40, 737-752.
68. Prunet, P., J.-F. Minster, D. Ruiz Pino and I. Dadou. 1996. Assimilation of surface data in a one-dimensional physical biogeochemical model of the surface ocean. 1. Method and preliminary results. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycl., 10, 111-138.
69. Raimbault, P., M. Rodier and I. Taupier-Letage. 1988. Size fraction of phytoplankton in the Ligurian Sea and the Algerian Basin (Mediterranean Sea): size distribution versus total concentration. Mar. Microbial Food Webs, 3, 1-7.
70. Razouls, C. and J. H. M. Kouwenberg. 1993. Spatial distribution and seasonal variation of mesozooplankton biomass in the Gulf of Lions (Northwestern Mediterranean). Ocean. Acta, 16. 393-401.
71. Riley, G. A. 1942. The relationship of vertical turbulence and spring diatom flowerings. J. Mar. Res., 5, 67-87.
72. Sarmiento, J. L., R. D. Slater, M. J. R. Fasham, J. R. Ducklow, J. R. Toggweiler and G. T. Evans. 1993. A seasonal three-dimensional ecosystem model of nitrogen cycling in the North Atlantic euphotic zone. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycl., 7, 417-450.
73. Siegenthaler, U. and J. L. Sarmiento. 1993. Atmospheric carbon dioxide and the ocean. Nature, 365, 119-125.
74. Simonot, J.-Y. 1988. Thermodynamic-biological-optical coupling in the oceanic mixed-layer. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 8193-8202.
75. Small, L. F., G. A. Knauer and M. D. Tuel. 1987. The role of sinking fecal pellets in stratified euphotic zones. Deep-Sea Res., 34, 1705-1712.
76. Sverdrup, H. U. 1953. On conditions for the vernal blooming of phytoplankton. J. Cons. Int. Expor. Mer., 18, 287-295.
77. Takahashi, T., W. S. Broecker and S. Langer. 1985. Redfield ratio based on chemical data from isopycnal surfaces. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 6907-6924.
78. Ward, B. B. 1986. Nitrogen transformations in the Southern California Bight. Deep-Sea Res., 34, 785-805.
79. Ward, B. B., K. A. Kilpatrick, E. H. Renger and R. W. Eppley. 1989. Biological nitrogen cycling in the nitracline. Limnol. Oceanogr., 34, 493-513.
80. Woods, J. D. and R. Onken. 1982. Diurnal variation and primary production in the ocean-preliminary results of a Lagrangian ensemble model. J. Plankton Res., 4, 735-756.
81. Woodward, E. M. S. 1994. Nanomolar ammonia concentrations in the western Mediterranean, in Water Pollution Research, report 32, J. M. Martin and H. Barth, eds., 87-96.
82. Yamazaki, H. and D. Kamykowski. 1991. The vertical trajectories of motile phytoplankton in a wind-driven water column. Deep-Sea Res., 38, 219-241.