Piracetam: A review of its clinical potential in the management of patients with stroke

CNS Drugs

Volumn 9, Issue 6, 1998, Pages 497-511

  Noble, Stuart ^a   Benfield, Paul ^a  

^a ADIS INTERNATIONAL LIMITED   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PIRACETAM;

BRAIN FUNCTION; BRAIN MICROCIRCULATION; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG TOLERABILITY; HUMAN; HYPOXIA; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; STROKE;

EID: 0031746515     PISSN: 11727047     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00023210-199809060-00006     Document Type: Review

References (67)

1. Vernon MW., Sorkin EM. Piracetam: an overview of its pharmacological properties and a review of its therapeutic use in senile cognitive disorders. Drugs Aging 1991 Jan-Feb; 1: 17-35
2. Croisile B, Trillet M, Fondarai J, et al. Long-term and high-dose piracetam treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1993 Feb; 43: 301-5
3. Wilsher CR, Taylor EA. Piracetam in developmental reading disorders: a review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatr 1994 Apr; 3 (2): 59-71
4. Aguglia E, Caraceni T, Genitrini S, et al. Comparison of teniloxazine and piracetam in Alzheimer-type or vascular dementia. Curr Ther Res 1995 Mar; 56: 250-7
5. Abuzzahab Sr FS, Merwin GE, Zimmerman RL, et al. A double-blind investigation of piracetam (nootropil) versus placebo in the memory of geriatric inpatients. Psychopharmacol Bull 1978 Jan; 14: 23-5
6. Wilsher C, Atkins G, Manfield P. Piracetam as an aid to learning in dyslexia. Preliminary report. Psychopharmacology 1979 Sep; 65: 107-9
7. Parnetti L, Ciuffetti G, Mercuri M, et al. Haemorheological pattern in initial mental deterioration: results of a long-term study using piracetam and pentoxifyliine. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1985 Jul; 4: 141-55
8. Wilsher CR, Bennett D, Chase CH, et al. Piracetam and dyslexia: effects on reading tests. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1987 Aug; 7: 230-7
9. Gouliaev AH, Senning A. Piracetam and other structurally related nootropics. Brain Res Rev 1994 May; 19: 180-222
10. Pulsinelli W. Pathophysiology of acute ischaemic stroke. Lancet 1992; 339: 533-6
11. Astrup J, Siesjö BK, Symon L. Thresholds in cerebral ischemia - the ischemic penumbra. Stroke 1981; 12 (6): 723-5
12. Bath PMW. Treating acute ischaemic stroke: still no effective drug treatment available. BMJ 1995 Jul 15; 311: 139-40
13. Baron JC, von Kummer R,. del Zoppo GJ. Treatment of acute ischemic stroke: challenging the concept of a rigid and universal time window. Stroke 1995 Dec; 26: 2219-21
14. Peuvot J, Schanck A, Deleers M, et al. Piracetam-induced changes to membrane physical properties. Biochem Pharmacol 1995; 50 (8): 1129-34
15. Müller WE, Koch S, Scheuer K, et al. Effects of piracetam on membrane fluidity in the aged mouse, rat, and human brain. Biochem Pharmacol 1997; 53: 135-40
16. Bering B, Muller WE. Interaction of piracetam with several neurotransmitter receptors in the central nervous system. Relative specificity for 3H-glutamate sites. Arzneimittel Forschung 1985; 35: 1350-2
17. Nybäck H, Wiesel FA, Skett P. Effects of piracetam on brain monoamine metabolism and serum prolactin levels in the rat. Psychopharmacology 1979 Mar 28; 61: 235-8
18. Rägo LK, Allikmets LH, Zarkovsky AM. Effects of piracetam on the central dopaminergic transmission Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1981 Dec; 318: 36-7
19. Wurtman RJ, Magil SG, Reinstein DK. Piracetam diminishes hippocampal acetylcholine levels in rats. Life Sci 1981 Mar 9; 28: 1091-3
20. Wustmann C, Fischer H-D, Schmidt J. The effect of piracetam on posthypoxic dopamine release inhibition. Acta Biol Med Ger 1982; 41: 729-32
21. Spignoli G, Pedata F, Giovannelli L, et al. Effect of oxiracetam and piracetam on central cholinergic mechanisms and active-avoidance acquisition. Clin Neuropharmacol 1986; 9 Suppl. 3: S39-47
22. Pilch H, Müller WE. Piracetam elevates muscarinic cholinergic receptor density in the frontal cortex of aged but not of young mice. Psychopharmacology 1988; 94: 74-8
23. Malais P, Dresse A. Piracetam: effect on posthypoxic inhibition of dopamine and acetylcholine release of striatum sections of the rat [in French]. Acta Neurol Belg 1989 May-Oct; 89: 302-5
24. Cohen SA, Müller WE. Effects of piracetam on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor properties in the aged mouse brain. Pharmacology 1993 Oct; 47: 217-22
25. Saletu B, Hitzenberger G, Grünberger J, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled, pharmacokinetic and -dynamic studies with 2 new formulations of piracetam (infusion and syrup) under hypoxia in man. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 1995 May; 33: 249-62
26. Schaffler K, Klausnitzer W. Randomized placebo-controlled double-blind cross-over study on antihypoxidotic effects of piracetam using psychophysiological measures in healthy volunteers. Arzneimittel Forschung 1988 Feb; 38: 288-91
27. Demay F, Bande J. The effect of piracetam on volunteers in a low-pressure tank. J Int Med Res 1980; 8: 90-4
28. Wedl W, Suchenwirth RM. Effects of the GABA-derivative piracetam: a double-blind study in healthy probands (author's transl) [in German]. Nervenarzt 1977 Jan; 48: 58-60
29. Mindus P, Cronholm B, Levander SE, et al. Piracetam-induced improvement of mental performance. A controlled study on normally aging individuals. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1976 Aug; 54: 150-60
30. Dimond SJ, Brouwers EYM. Increase in the power of human memory in normal man through the use of drugs. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1976 Sep 29; 49: 307-9
31. Moriau M, Crasborn L, Lavenne-Pardonge E, et al. Platelet anti-aggregant and rheological properties of piracetam: a pharmacodynamic study in normal subjects. Arzneimittel Forschung 1993 Feb; 43: 110-8
32. Stockmans F, Deberdt W, Nystrom A, et al. Inhibitory effect of piracetam on platelet-rich thrombus formation in an animal model. Thromb Haemost 1998; 74: 222-7
33. Platt D, Horn J, Summa JD, et al. On the efficacy of piracetam in geriatric patients with acute cerebral ischemia: a clinically controlled double-blind study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1993 Mar-Apr; 16: 149-64
34. Herrschaft H. The effect of piracetam on global and regional cerebral blood flow in acute cerebral ischemia of man (author's transl) [in German]. Med Klin 1978 Feb 10; 73: 195-202
35. 15oxygen. Braine-l'Alleud: UCB Pharma, 1996. (Data on file)
36. Heiss WD, Ilsen HW, Wagner R, et al. Remote functional depression of glucose metabolism in stroke and its alteration by activating drugs. In: Heiss WD, Phelps ME, editors. PET of the brain. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1983: 162-8
37. Rameis H, Hitzenberger G, Kutscher R, et al. Pharmacokinetics of piracetam: a study on the bioavailability with special regard to renal and non-renal elimination. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 1994 Sep; 32: 458-65
38. Louchahi K, Tod M, Bonnardel P, et al. Determination of piracetam in human plasma and urine by liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl 1995 Jan 20; 663: 385-9
39. Gobert JG, Baltes EL. Availability and plasma clearance of piracetam in man. Farmaco Prat 1977 Feb; 32: 83-91
40. Alebic-Kolbah T, Hirsl-Starcevic S. Determination of piracetam in serum by gas chromatography. J Chromatogr 1990 Apr 6; 526: 556-61
41. Zyhlarz G, Saletu B, Hitzenberger G, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled, pharmacokinetic and -dynamic studies with two new formulations of piracetam (infusion and syrup) under hypoxia in man [abstract]. Neuropsychopharmacology 1994 May; 10 Suppl. 2: 117
42. Schulz H-U, Wittler T. Age-related changes in pharmacokinetics of 2-oxo-pyrrolidine-1-acetamide (piracetam) in man [abstract no. 211]. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1980; 313: R53
43. Verpooten GA, Guiliano RA, Deberdt W, et al. Pharmacokinetics of piracetam in the elderly and patients with renal insufficiency. Braine-l'Alleud: UCB Pharma, 1995. (Data on file)
44. UCB Pharma. Braine-l'Alleud: 1996. (Data on file)
45. Gobert JG. Development of a drug: piracetam. Metabolism and biochemical research. J Pharm Belg 1972; 27: 281-304
46. Cornely M, Henkel E, Kunzel W, et al. Pharmacokinetics of piracetam during labour influence to acid-base-status in maternal and fetal blood (author's transl) [in German]. Z Geburtshilfe Perinatol 1977 Jun; 181: 199-205
47. Platt D, Mühlberg W, Rieck W. The effect of age on clinical pharmacokinetics of piracetam. Arzneimittel Forschung 1985; 35: 533-5
48. Creytens G. Some new approaches in the treatment of cerebral pathology [in French]. Acta Ther 1980; 6: 33-53
49. Enderby P, Broeckx J, Hospers W, et al. Effect of piracetam on recovery and rehabilitation after stroke: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin Neuropharmacol 1994 Aug; 17: 320-31
50. Herrschaft H. The efficacy of piracetam in acute cerebral ischaemia in man: a clinically-controlled, double-blind study piracetam/10 % dextran 40 versus 10 % dextran 40/placebo. Symposium Piracetam: 5 Years Progress in Pharmacology and Clinics; 1990 Apr 29: Athens: 109-34
51. De Deyn PP, De Reuck J, Deberdt W, et al. Treatment of acute ischemic stroke with piracetam. Stroke 1997; 28: 2347-52
52. Huber W, Willmes K, Poeck K, et al. Piracetam as an adjuvant to language therapv for aphasia: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997 Mar; 78: 245-50
53. UCB Pharma. Braine-l'Alleud: 1996. (Data on file)
54. Huber W, Poeck K, Wilmes K. The Aachen Aphasia Test. In: Rose FC, editor. Advances in neurology, v. 42: Progress in Aphasiology. New York: Raven Press, 1984: 291-303
55. Eurosciences Communication. What is stroke? Press Information. Pan-European Consensus Meeting on Stroke Management; 1995 Nov 8-10: Helsingborg
56. Kraus NF. Neuropsychiatric sequelae of stroke and traumatic brain injury: the role of psychostimulants. Int J Psychiatry Med 1995; 25 (1): 39-51
57. Dobkin B. The economic impact of stroke. Neurology 1995; 45 Suppl. 1: S6-9
58. Marler JR. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group. Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 1995 Dec 14; 333 (24): 1581-7
59. Hacke W, Kaste M, Fieschi C, et al. Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute hemispheric stroke: the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS). JAMA 1995 Oct 4; 274 (13): 1017-25
60. Smith WS. Ischemic stroke. Curr Opin Crit Care 1998 Apr; 4 (2): 89-93
61. European Ad Hoc Consensus Group. European strategies for earlv intervention in stroke: a report of an ad hoc consensus group meeting. Cerebrovasc Dis 1996; 6: 315-24
62. Zivin JA. Neuroprotective therapies in stroke. Drugs 1997; 54 Suppl. 3: 83-9
63. European Ad Hoc Consensus Group. Neuroprotection as initial therapy in acute stroke: third report of an ad hoc consensus group meeting. Cerebrovasc Dis 1998; 8: 59-72
64. Poeck K, Huber W, Willmes K. Outcome of intensive language treatment in aphasia. J Speech Hearing Disord 1989; 54: 471-9
65. Small SL. Pharmacotherapy of aphasia: a critical review. Stroke 1994; 25: 1282-9
66. Mlcoch AG, Gupta SR. Pharmacological approaches to the treatment of aphasia. Top Stroke Rehab 1995; 2 (1): 40-8
67. Bankhead C. What's new with neuroprotective agents in stroke? Inpharma 1998 Mar 7; No. 1127: 9-10