A theoretical model of adolescent suicide risk

Archives of Suicide Research

Volumn 4, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 115-133

  Metha, Arlene ^a   Chen, Eric ^b   Mulvenon, Sean ^c   Dode, Ilene ^d  

^a ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b FORDHAM UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS   (United States)

^d EMPACT: Suicide Prevention Center   (United States)

Author keywords

Adolescent; Causal model; Gender differences; Suicidal behavior; Suicide risk

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; CHILD PSYCHIATRY; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK; SELF ESTEEM; SEX DIFFERENCE; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR; SUICIDE; SUICIDE ATTEMPT;

EID: 0031745406     PISSN: 13811118     EISSN: 15436136     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13811119808260442     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Bailie, J. (1980). The relationship between self-esteem and depression among high school students. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 51, 157-158.
2. Battle, J., Jarratt, L., Smit, S. & Precht, D. (1988). Relations among self-esteem, depression and anxiety of children. Psychological Reports. 62, 999-1005.
3. Baumeister, R. F. (1990). Suicide as escape from self. Psychological Review, 97, 90-113.
4. Beck, A. T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and emotional disorders. New York: International Universities Press.
5. Beck, A. T., Kovacs, M. & Weissman, A. (1975). Hopelessness and suicidal behavior An overview. JAMA, 234, 1146-1149.
6. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., Beck, J. S. & Newman, C. F. (1993). Hopelessness, depression, suicidal ideation, and clinical diagnosis of depression. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 23, 139-145.
7. Beck, A. T, Steer, R. A., Kovacs, M. & Garrison, B. (1985). Hopelessness and eventual suicide: A 10-year prospective study of patients hospitalized with suicidal ideation. American Journal of Psychiatry, 142, 559-563.
8. Beck, A. T., Weissman, A., Lester, D. & Trexler, L. (1974). The measurement of pessimism: The Hopelessness Scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 861-865.
9. Bernard, J. L. & Bernard, M. L. (1982). Factors related to suicidal behavior among college students and the impact of institutional response. Journal of College Student Personnel, 23. 409-413.
10. Blumenthal, S. K. (1990). Youth suicide: Risk factors, assessment, and treatment of adolescent and young adult suicidal patients. Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 13, 511-556.
11. Brent, D. A. (1995). Risk factors for adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior: Mental and substance abuse disorders, family environmental factors, and life stress. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 25, 52-63.
12. Brent, D. A., Kalas, R., Edelbrook, C., Costello, A. J., Dulcan, M. K. & Canover, N. (1986). Psychopathology and its relationship to suicidal ideation in childhood and adolescence. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 25. 666-673.
13. Brent, D. A. & Kolko, D. J. (1990). The assessment and treatment of children and adolescents at risk for suicide. In S. J. Blumenthal & D. J. Kupfer (Eds.), Suicide over the life cycle: Risk factors, assessment and treatment of suicidal patients. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
14. Brent, D. A., Perper, J. A., Goldstein, C. E., Kolko, D. J., Allan, M. J., Allman, C. J. & Zelenak, J. P. (1988). Risk factors for adolescent suicide: A comparison of adolescent suicide victims with suicidal inpatients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 45, 581-588.
15. Brent, D., Perper, J. A., Moritz, G., Baugher, M., Roth, C, Balach, L. & Schweers, J. (1993). Stressful life events, psychopathology and adolescent suicide: A case control study. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 23. 179-187.
16. Carlson, G. A. & Cantwell, D. P. (1982). Suicidal behavior and depression in children and adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 21, 361-368.
17. Cole, D. A. (1989). Psychopathology of adolescent suicide: Hopelessness, coping beliefs, and depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 98, 248-255.
18. Crandall, R. (1969). The measurement of self-esteem and related constructs. In J. P. Robinson & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Measures of social-psychological attitudes (pp. 45-167). Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan.
19. Dixon, W. A., Heppner, P. P. & Rudd, M. D. (1994). Problem-solving, appraisal, hopelessness, and suicide ideation: Evidence for a mediational model. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 41, 91-98.
20. Felts, W. M., Chenier, T. & Barnes, R. (1992). Drug use and suicide ideation and behavior among North Carolina public health students. American Journal of Public Health, 82. 870-872.
21. Finch, A. J., Saylor, C. F. & Edwards, G. L. (1985). Children’s Depression Inventory: Sex and grade norms for normal children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53, 424-425.
22. Garfinkle, B. D., Froese, A. & Hood, J. (1982). Suicide attempts in children and adolescents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 1257-1261.
23. Harlow, L. L., Newcomb, M. D. & Bender, P. M. (1986). Depression, self-derogation, substance use, and suicide ideation: Lack of purpose in life as a mediational factor. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 42, 5-21.
24. Hoelter, J. W. (1983). The analysis of covariance structures: Goodness-of-fit indices. Sociological Methods and Research, 11, 325-344.
25. Hoyle, H. & Panter, A. (1995). Writing about structural equation models. In H. Hoyle & A. Panter (Eds.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications (pp. 158-176). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
26. Kashani, J. H., Husam, A., Shekim, W. O, Hodges, K. K., Cytryn, L. & McKnew, D. H. (1981). Current perspectives on childhood depression: An overview. American Journal of Psychiatry, 138, 143-152.
27. Kazdin, A. E., French, N. H., Unis, A. S., Esveldt-Dawson, K. & Sherick, R. B. (1983). Hopelessness, depression, and suicidal intent among psychiatrically disturbed inpatient children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51, 504-510.
28. Kazdin, A. E., Rodgers, A. & Colbus, D. (1986). The Hopelessness Scale for Children: Psychometric characteristics and concurrent validity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 241-245.
29. Kinnier, R., Metha, A., Keim, J., Okey, J., Adler-Tapia, R., Berry, M. & Mulvenon, S. (1994). Depression, meaninglessness, and substance abuse in “normal” and hospitalized adolescents. Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education. 39, 101-111.
30. Kline, R. B. (1991). Latent variable path analysis in clinical research: A beginner's tour guide. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 47, 471-483.
31. Kovacs, M. (1992). Children's Depression Inventory. North Tonawanda, NY: Multi-Health Systems.
32. Kovacs, M. (1983). The Children’s Depression Inventory: A self-rated depression scale for school-aged youngsters. Unpublished manuscript. University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.
33. Kovacs, M. & Beck, A. T. (1977). An empirical-clinical approach toward a definition of childhood depression. In J. G. Schulterbrandt & A. Kaskin (Eds.), Depression in childhood: Diagnosis, treatment, and conceptual models. New York: Raven.
34. Leenaars, A. A. & Wenckstem, S. (1991). Suicide in the school-age child and adolescent. In A. A. Leenaars (Ed.), Life span perspectives of suicide (pp. 95-107). New York: Plenum.
35. Lewinsohn, P. M., Rohde, P. & Seeley, J. R. (1994). Psychosocial risk factors for future adolescent suicide attempts. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 297-305.
36. Linehan, M. M. & Nielsen, S. L. (1981). Assessment of suicide ideation and parasuicide: Hopelessness and social desirability. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 49, 773-775.
37. McCauley, E., Mitchell, J. R., Burke, P. & Moss, S. (1988). Cognitive attributes of depression in children and adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 903-908.
38. Minkoff, K., Bergman, E., Beck, A. & Beck, R. (1973). Hopelessness, depression, and attempted suicide. American Journal of Psychiatry, 130, 455-459.
39. Modestin, J. & Kopp, W. (1988). Study on suicide in depressed inpatients. Journal of Affective Disorders, 15, 157-162.
40. Moscicki, E. K. (1995). Epidemiology of suicidal behavior. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 25. 22-35.
41. Myers, K., Me Cauley, E., Calderon, R., Mitchell, J., Burke, P. & Schloredt, K. (1991). Risks for suicidality in major depressive disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 86-94.
42. Overholser, J. C., Cautin, R. & Freiheit, S. (1995). Suicidal intent and substance abuse among adolescent psychiatric inpatients. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, New York.
43. Patel, A. R. & Wilson, G. M. (1972). Lancet. 2, 1099-1102.
44. Pedhazur, E. (1982). Multiple regression in behavioral research: Explanation and prediction. (2nd ed.). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
45. Pedhazur, E. J. & Schmelkin, L. P. (1991). Measurement, design, and analysis: An integrated approach. Hilldale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
46. Pfeffer, C. R. (1986). The suicidal child. New York: Guilford Press.
47. Pfeffer, C. R., Zuckerman, S., Plutchik, R. & Mizrucki, M. S. (1984). Suicidal behavior in normal school children: A comparison with child psychiatric inpatients. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 23, 416-423.
48. Reynolds, W. M. & Mazza, J. J. (1994). Suicidality and substance use in adolescents. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Association of Suicidology, New York.
49. Rich, A. R., Kirkpatrick-Smith, J., Bonner, R. L. & Jans, F. (1992). Gender differences in the psychosocial correlates of suicidal ideation among adolescents. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 22, 364-373.
50. Rich, C. L, Young, D. & Fowler, R. C. (1986). San Diego study: Young vs. old subjects. Archives of General Psychiatry, 43, 577-582.
51. Robbins, D. R. & Alessi, N. E. (1985). Depressive symptoms and suicidal behavior in adolescents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 142, 588-592.
52. Rosenberg, M. (1979). Conceiving the self. New York: Basic.
53. Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
54. Rotheram-Borus, M. J. & Trautman, P. D. (1985). Hopelessness, depression, and suicidal intent among adolescent suicide attempters. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 86-94.
55. Rudd, M. D. (1990). An integrative model of suicidal ideation. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 20, 16-30.
56. Saylor, C. F., Finch, A. J., Spirito, A. & Bennett, B. (1984). The Children’s Depression Inventory: A systematic evaluation of psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 52. 955-967.
57. Schuckit, M. A. & Schuckit, J. J. (1989). Substance use and abuse: A risk factor in youth suicide. Report of the secretary's task force on youth suicide. In L. Davidson. & M. Linnoila (Eds.), Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
58. Shaffer, D., Garland, A., Underwood, M. & Whittle, B. (1987). An evaluation of three youth suicide prevention programs in New Jersey. Report prepared for the New Jersey State Department of Health & Human Services.
59. Shaffer, D. & Gould, M. (1987). Study of completed and attempted suicides in adolescents: Progress report. Washington, DC: National Institute of Mental Health.
60. Shaffer, D., Gould, M., Fisher, P, Trautman, P., Moreau, D., Kleinman, M. & Flory, M. (1994). Psychiatric diagnosis in child and adolescent suicide. Manuscript submitted for publication.
61. Shafii, M., Canigan, S., Whittinghill, J.R. & Derrick, A., (1985). Psychological autopsy of completed suicide in children and adolescents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 142, 1061-1064.
62. Shafii, M., Steltz-Lenarsky, J. & Derrick, A. M. (1988). Comorbidity of mental disorders in the post-mortem diagnosis of completed suicide in children and adolescents. Journal of Affective Disorders, 15, 227-233.
63. Silber, E. & Tippett, J. S. (1965). Self-esteem: Clinical assessment and measurement validation. Psychological Reports, 16, 1017-1071.
64. Spirito, A., Overholser, J. & Hart, K. (1991). Cognitive characteristics of adolescent suicide attempters. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30. 604-608.
65. Spirito, A., Williams, C. A., Stark, L. J. & Hart, K. J. (1988). The Hopelessness Scale for Children: Psychometric properties with normal and emotionally disturbed adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 16, 445-458.
66. Swanson, J. W., Linskey, A. O., Quinero-Salinas, R., Pumariega, A. J. & Holzer, C. E. (1992). A bi-national school survey of depressive symptoms, drug use, and suicidal ideation. Journal of the American Academy of Child A Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, 669-678.
67. Vega, W. A., Gil, A., Warheit, G., Apospori, E. & Zimmerman, R. (1993). The relationship of drug use to suicide ideation and attempts among African-Americans, Hispanics. and white non-Hispanic male adolescents. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 23, 110-119.
68. Wagner, B. M., Cole, R. E. & Schwartzman, P. (1995). Psychosocial correlates of suicide attempts among junior and senior high school youth. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior. 25. 358-372.
69. Wetzel, R. D., Margulies, T., Davis, R. & Karam, E. (1980). Hopelessness, depression, and suicide intent. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 41, 159-160.