Are oestrogen deficiency and hormone replacement a distraction to the field of osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis International

Volumn 8, Issue SUPPL. 1, 1998, Pages

  Kanis, J A ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BISPHOSPHONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; CALCITONIN; ESTROGEN;

BONE ATROPHY; BONE DENSITY; BONE MASS; BONE MINERAL; CANCELLOUS BONE; CONFERENCE PAPER; ESTROGEN DEFICIENCY; EXERCISE; FEMALE; HIP FRACTURE; HORMONE SUBSTITUTION; HUMAN; LIFESTYLE; MENOPAUSE; OSTEOPOROSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS;

AGE FACTORS; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; BONE DENSITY; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY; ESTROGENS; FEMALE; FRACTURES, SPONTANEOUS; HIP FRACTURES; HUMANS; MALE; MENOPAUSE; MIDDLE AGED; OSTEOPOROSIS; OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 0031744651     PISSN: 0937941X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (53)

1. Consensus development conference. Diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis. Am J Med 1991;90:107-10.
2. Kanis JA. The restoration of skeletal mass: a theoretic overview. Am J Med 1991;91:29-36.
3. Parfitt AM. Age-related structural changes in trabecular and cortical bone: cellular mechanisms and biomechanical consequences. Calcif Tissue Int 1984;36:122-8.
4. Kanis JA. Treatment of osteoporotic fracture. Lancet 1984;I:27-33.
5. Aaron JE, DeVernejoul MC, Kanis JA. The effect of sodium fluoride on trabecular architecture in osteoporosis. Bone 1991;12:307-10.
6. Kanis JA, Adami S. Bone loss in the elderly. Osteoporos Int 1994;4(Supp 1):S59-65.
7. Adami S, Kanis JA. Assessment of involutional bone loss: methodological and conceptual problems. J Bone Miner Res 1995;10:511-7.
8. World Health Organization. Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. WHO technical report series 843 Geneva: WHO, 1994.
9. Effors L, Allander E, Kanis JA, Gullberg B, Johnell O, Dequeker J, et al. The variable incidence of hip fractures in Southern Europe: the MEDOS Study. Osteoporos Int 1994;4:253-63.
10. Kanis JA, Pitt FA. Epidemiolosy of osteoporosis. Bone 1992;13(Suppl):S7-15.
11. Johnell O, Gullberg B, Kanis JA, Allander E, Elffors L, Dequeker J. Risk factors for hip fracture in European women: the MEDOS Study. J Bone Miner Res 1995;10:1802-15.
12. Melton LJ. Epidemiology of fractures. In: Riggs BL, Melton LJ, editors. Osteoporosis: etiology, diagnosis and management, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1995;225-47.
13. Johnell O, Gullberg B, Allender A, Kanis JA, and the MEDOS Study Group. The apparent incidence of hip fracture in Europe. Osteoporos Int 1992;2:298-302.
14. Johnell O, Gullberg B, Kanis JA. The hospital burden of vertebral fractures in Europe: a study of national register sources. Osteoporos Int 1997;7:138-14.
15. Melton LJ, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Secular trends in the incidence of hip fracture Calcif Tissue Int 1987;41:57-64.
16. Lindsay R The pharmacology of estrogens. Prog Basic Clin Pharmacol 1990;4:55-72.
17. Lufkin EG, Wahner HW, O'Fallon WM, Hodgson SF, et al. Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with transdermal estrogen. Ann Intern Med 1992;117:1-9.
18. Law MR, Wald NJ, Meade TW. Strategies for prevention of osteoporosis and hip fracture BMJ 1991;303:453-9.
19. Grodstein F, Stampfer MJ, Coldtiz GA, Willitt WC, Manson JE, Joffe M, et al. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and mortality. N Engl J Med 1997,336 1769-75.
20. Felson DT, Zhang Y, Hannan MT, Keil DP, Wilson PW, Anderson JJ. The effect of postmenopausal estrogen therapy on bone density in elderly women. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1141-6.
21. Browner WS, Seeley D, Vogt M, Cummings SR. Non-trauma mortality in elderly women with low bone mineral density. Lancet 1991;338:355-8.
22. Kanis JA, Stevenson JC. Apparent offset of action of estrogens. N Engl J Med 1994;330-715.
23. Stevenson JC, Kanis JA, Christiansen C. Bone density measurement. Lancet 1992;339:370-1.
24. Overgaard K, Hansen MA, Nielsen V-AH, Riis BJ, Christiansen C. Discontinuous calcitonin treatment of established osteoporosis: effects of withdrawal of treatment. Am J Med 1990;89:1-6.
25. 3). Endocrinol (Jpn) 1985;32:305-15.
26. Prince R, Devine A, Dick I, Criddle A, Kerr D, Kent N, et al. The effects of caclium supplementation (milk powder or tablets) and exercise on bone density in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res 1995;10:1068-75.
27. Vasikaran SD, Khan S, McCloskey EV, Kanis JA. Sustained response in intravenous alendronate in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Bone 1992;17:517-20.
28. Johnell O, Stenback M, Rosen M, Gullberg B, Kanis JA. Therapeutic strategies in the prevention of hip fractures with drugs affecting bone metabolism. Bone 1993;14(Suppl 1):S85-7.
29. Kanis JA, McCloskey EV. Epidemiology of vertebral osteoporosis. Bone 1992;13:S1-10.
30. Kanis JA. What constitutes evidence for drug efficacy in osteoporosis? Drugs Aging 1993;3:391-9.
31. McCloskey EV, Spector TD, Khan S, Sirtori P, Nakatsuka K, Kanis JA. Prevalence of vertebral deformity and concordance between definitions of fractures. In: Christiansen C, Riis B, editors. Osteoporosis: proceedings of the 4th intenrational conference on osteoporosis. Copenhagen: Osteopress, 1993:62-64.
32. Nevitt MC, Johnell O, Black DM, Genant HK, Cummings SR for the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Bone mineral density predicts fractures in very elderly women. J Bone Miner Res 1993,8(Suppl 1):S133.
33. Jones G, Nguyen T, Sambrook P, Kelly PJ, Eisman JA. Progressive loss of bone in the femoral neck in elderly people: longitudinal findings from the Dubbo osteoporosis epidemiology study. BMJ 1994;309:691-5.
34. Orwoll ES, Oviatt SK, McClung MR, Deftos LJ, Sexton G. The rate of bone mineral loss in normal men and the effects of calcium and cholecalciferol supplementation. Ann Intern Med 1990;112:29-34.
35. Stepan JJ, Pospichal J, Presl J, Pacovsky V. Bone loss and biochemical indices of bone remodelling in surgically induced postmenopausal women. Bone 1987;8:279-84.
36. Delmas PD, Stenner D, Wahner HW, Mann KG, Riggs BL. Increase in serum bone carboxyglutamic acid protein with aging in women. J Clin Invest 1983;71:1316-21.
37. Overgaard K, Hansen MA, Birk Jensen S, Christiansen C. Effect of salcatonin given intranasally on bone mass and fracture rates in established osteoporosis: a dose-response study. BMJ 1992;305:556-61.
38. Watts NB, Harris ST, Genant HK, Wasnich RD, Miller PD, Jackson RD, et al. Intermittent cyclical etidronate treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 1990;323:73-9.
39. Storm T, Thamsborg G, Steiniche T, Genant HK, Sorenson OH. Effect of intermittent cyclical etidronate therapy on bone mass and fracture rate in postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 1990;322:1265-71.
40. Kanis JA, Passmore R. Calcium supplementation of the diet. BMJ 1989;298:137-40, 205-8, 673-4.
41. Schneider DL, Barrett-Connor EL, Morton DJ. Timing of postmenopausal estrogen for optimal bone mineral density: the Rancho Bernardo Study. JAMA 1997;277:543-7.
42. Black DM, Cummings SR, Karpf DB, et al. Randomised trial of effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with existing vertebral fractures. Lancet 1996;348:1535-41.
43. Liberman UA, Weiss SR, Broll J et al., for the Alendronate Phase II Osteoporosis Treatment Study Group. Effect of oral alendronate on bone mineral density and the incidence of fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1437-43.
44. 3 and calcium to prevent hip fractures in elderly women. N Engl J Med 1992;327:1637-42.
45. Heikinheimo RJ, Inkovaara JA, Harju EJ, et al. Annual injection of vitamin D and fractures of aged bones. Calcif Tissue Int 1992;51:105-10.
46. Lauritzen JB, Petersen MM, Lund B. Effect of external hip protectors on hip fractures. Lancet 1993;341:11-3.
47. Kanis JA, Johnell O, Gullberg B, et al. Evidence for the efficacy of drugs affecting bone metabolism in the prevention of hip fracture. BMJ 1992;305:1124-8.
48. Kanis JA, Beneton MNC, Gennari C, et al. Effects of anabolic steroids on conical bone and fractures. In: Christiansen C, Riis B, editors. Osteoporosis. Aalborg, Denmark: Handelstrykleriert Aalborg, 1993:308-10.
49. Ranstam J, Kanis JA. Influence of age and body mass on the effects of vitamin D on hip fracture risk. Osteoporos Int 1995;5:450-4.
50. Kanis JA. Treatment of osteoporosis in elderly women. Am J Med 1995; 98 (Suppl 2A):60-66.
51. Delmas PD, Gineyts E, Bertholin A, Garnero P, Marchand F. Immunoassay of pyndinoline crosslink excretion in normal adults and in Paget's disease. J Bone Miner Res 1993;8:643-7.
52. Kanis JA. Osteoporosis Oxford: Blackwell Scientific, 1994.
53. Kanis JA, Delmas P, Burckhardt P, Cooper C, Torgerson D. Guidelines for diagnosis and management of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 1997;7:390-406.