Concentration and second-gas effects in the water analogue

British Journal of Anaesthesia

Volumn 81, Issue 6, 1998, Pages 837-843

  Mapleson, W W ^a   Korman, B ^b  

^a CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b ROYAL PERTH HOSPITAL   (Australia)

Author keywords

Anaesthetic gases, nitrous oxide; Anaesthetics volatile; Model, lung; Model, water analogue; Pharmacokinetics, nitrous oxide; Pharmacokinetics, uptake

Indexed keywords

ANESTHETIC AGENT; NITROUS OXIDE; WATER;

ARTICLE; EXPERIMENTAL MODEL; LUNG MODEL; LUNG VENTILATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SIMULATION;

EID: 0031744301     PISSN: 00070912     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/bja/81.6.837     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Eger EI II. A mathematical model of uptake and distribution. In: Papper EM, Kitz RJ, eds. Uptake and Distribution of Anesthetic Agents. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1963; 72-87.
2. Eger EI II. Applications of a mathematical model of gas uptake. In: Papper EM, Kitz RJ, eds. Uptake and Distribution of Anesthetic Agents. NewYork: McGraw-Hill, 1963; 88-98.
3. Eger EI II. Effect of inspired anesthetic concentration on the rate of rise of alveolar concentration. Anesthesiology 1963; 24: 153-157.
4. Epstein RM, Rackow H, Salanitre E, Wolf GL. Influence of the concentration effect on the uptake of anesthetic mixtures: the second gas effect. Anesthesiology 1964; 25: 364-371.
5. Stocking RK, Eger EI II. An additional explanation for the second gas effect: a concentrating effect. Anesthesiology 1969; 30: 273-277.
6. Korman B, Mapleson WW. Concentration and second gas effects: can the accepted explanation be improved? British Journal of Anaesthesia 1997; 78: 618-625 (erratum 1997; 79: 268).
7. Mapleson WW. Absorption, distribution and excretion: kinetics. In: Chenoweth MB ed. Modern Inhalation Anesthetics, vol. 30, Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Berlin: Springer- Verlag, 1972; 326-344.
8. Mapleson WW. Pharmacokinetics of inhaled anaesthetics. In: Prys-Roberts C, Hug CC jr, eds. Pharmacokinetics of Anaesthesia. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific, 1984; 89-111.
9. Mapleson WW. Pharmacokinetics of inhalational anaesthetics. In: Nunn JF, Utting JE, Brown BR jr, eds. General Anaesthesia, 5th Edn. London: Butterworths, 1989; 44-59.
10. Severinghaus JW. The rate of uptake of nitrous oxide in man. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1954; 33: 1183-1189.
11. Smith WDA, Mapleson WW, Siebold K, Hargreaves MD, Clarke GM. Nitrous oxide anaesthesia induced at atmospheric and hyperbaric pressures. Part I: Measured pharmacokinetic and EEG data. British Journal of Anaesthesia 1974; 46: 3-12.
12. Mapleson WW, Smith WDA, Siebold K, Hargreaves MD, Clarke GM. Nitrous oxide anaesthesia induced at atmospheric and hyperbaric pressures. Part II: Comparison of measured and theoretical pharmacokinetic data. British Journal of Anaesthesia 1974; 46: 13-28.
13. Nunn JF. Nunn's Applied Respiratory Physiology, 4th Edn. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1993; 393-394.
14. Steward A, Allott PR, Cowles AL, Mapleson WW. Solubility coefficients for inhaled anaesthetics for water, oil and biological media. British Journal of Anaesthesia 1973; 45: 282-293.
15. Goto T, Suwa K, Uezono S, Ichinose F, Uchiyama M, Morita S. The blood-gas partition coefficient of xenon may be lower than generally accepted. British Journal of Anaesthesia 1998; 80: 255-256.
16. Eger EI II. Partition coefficients of I-653 in human blood, saline, and olive oil. Anesthesia and Analgesia 1987; 66: 971-973.
17. Mapleson WW. Inert gas-exchange theory using an electric analogue. Journal of Applied Physiology 1964; 19: 1193-1199.
18. Mapleson WW. An electric analogue for uptake and exchange of inert gases and other agents. Journal of Applied Physiology 1963; 18: 197-204.
19. Davis NR, Mapleson WW. Structure and quantification of a physiological model of the distribution of injected agents and inhaled anaesthetics. British Journal of Anaesthesia 1981; 53: 399-105.
20. Mapleson WW. The theoretical ideal fresh-gas flow sequence at the start of low-flow anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 1998; 53: 264-272.