메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue 6, 1998, Pages 415-441

Nasal route for direct delivery of solutes to the central nervous system: Fact or fiction?

Author keywords

Cerebro spinal fluid; Nasal route; Olfactory epithelial pathway; Olfactory nerve pathway

Indexed keywords

AMINO ACID; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIVIRUS AGENT; CEFALEXIN; COLLOIDAL GOLD; DOPAMINE; DYE; ESTRADIOL; METAL; PROGESTERONE; PROTEIN; SULFAFURAZOLE; SULFAMETHIZOLE; SULFANILIC ACID; SULFASOMIDINE; SULFONAMIDE; ZIDOVUDINE;

EID: 0031740593     PISSN: 1061186X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/10611869808997870     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (199)

References (142)
  • 1
    • 0021192176 scopus 로고
    • The canine vomeronasal organ
    • Adams D.R. and Wiekamp M.D. (1984) The canine vomeronasal organ. J. Anat., 138, 771-787.
    • (1984) J. Anat. , vol.138 , pp. 771-787
    • Adams, D.R.1    Wiekamp, M.D.2
  • 2
    • 69549142624 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative observations on the olfactory system of the rabbit
    • Allison A.C. and Warwick T.T. (1949) Quantitative observations on the olfactory system of the rabbit. Brain, 72, 186-196.
    • (1949) Brain , vol.72 , pp. 186-196
    • Allison, A.C.1    Warwick, T.T.2
  • 3
    • 0001228171 scopus 로고
    • Uptake of radioactivity by body fluids and tissues in rhesus monkeys after intravenous injection or intranasal spray of tritium-labeled estradiol and progesterone
    • Anand Kumar T.C., David G.F.X., Umberkoman B. and Saini K.D. (1974) Uptake of radioactivity by body fluids and tissues in rhesus monkeys after intravenous injection or intranasal spray of tritium-labeled estradiol and progesterone. Curr. Sci., 43, 435-439.
    • (1974) Curr. Sci. , vol.43 , pp. 435-439
    • Anand Kumar, T.C.1    David, G.F.X.2    Umberkoman, B.3    Saini, K.D.4
  • 6
    • 0020317797 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of progesterone after its administration to ovariectomized rhesus monkeys by injection, infusion, or nasal spraying
    • Anand Kumar T.C., David G.F.K., Sankaranarayanan A., Puri V. and Sundaram R.R. (1982) Pharmacokinetics of progesterone after its administration to ovariectomized rhesus monkeys by injection, infusion, or nasal spraying. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 79, 4185-4189.
    • (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , vol.79 , pp. 4185-4189
    • Anand Kumar, T.C.1    David, G.F.K.2    Sankaranarayanan, A.3    Puri, V.4    Sundaram, R.R.5
  • 7
    • 7844219902 scopus 로고
    • Der Feinbau der Regio Olfactoria von Makrosmatikern
    • Andres K.H. (1966) Der Feinbau der Regio Olfactoria von Makrosmatikern, Z. Zellforsch., 96, 250-274.
    • (1966) Z. Zellforsch. , vol.96 , pp. 250-274
    • Andres, K.H.1
  • 8
    • 0027162007 scopus 로고
    • The CVS strains of rabies virus as a neural tracer in the olfactory system of mice
    • Astic L., Saucier D., Coulon P., Lafay F. and Flammand A. (1993) The CVS strains of rabies virus as a neural tracer in the olfactory system of mice. Brain Res., 619, 146-156.
    • (1993) Brain Res. , vol.619 , pp. 146-156
    • Astic, L.1    Saucier, D.2    Coulon, P.3    Lafay, F.4    Flammand, A.5
  • 9
    • 0022477568 scopus 로고
    • Transneuronal transport of peroxidase-conjugated wheat germ agglutinin (WGA-HRP) from the olfactory epithelium to the brain of the adult rat
    • Baker H. and Spencer R.F. (1986) Transneuronal transport of peroxidase-conjugated wheat germ agglutinin (WGA-HRP) from the olfactory epithelium to the brain of the adult rat. Exp. Brain Res., 63, 461-473.
    • (1986) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.63 , pp. 461-473
    • Baker, H.1    Spencer, R.F.2
  • 11
    • 0027202354 scopus 로고
    • The olfactory nerve and not the trigeminal nerve is the major site of entry for the hepatitis virus, strain JHM
    • Barnett E.M. and Perlman S. (1993) The olfactory nerve and not the trigeminal nerve is the major site of entry for the hepatitis virus, strain JHM. Virology, 194, 185-191.
    • (1993) Virology , vol.194 , pp. 185-191
    • Barnett, E.M.1    Perlman, S.2
  • 13
    • 0029100491 scopus 로고
    • Vesicular stomatitis virus infection of the central nervous system activates both innate and acquired immunity
    • Bi Z., Barna M., Komatsu T. and Reiss C.S. (1995) Vesicular stomatitis virus infection of the central nervous system activates both innate and acquired immunity. J. Virol., 69, 6466-6472.
    • (1995) J. Virol. , vol.69 , pp. 6466-6472
    • Bi, Z.1    Barna, M.2    Komatsu, T.3    Reiss, C.S.4
  • 14
    • 7844240911 scopus 로고
    • Virus and host factors influencing the titer of Lansing poliomyelitis virus in monkeys, cotton rats, and mice
    • Bodian D., Morgan I. and Schwerdt C.E. (1950) Virus and host factors influencing the titer of Lansing poliomyelitis virus in monkeys, cotton rats, and mice. Amer. J. Hyg., 51, 126-133.
    • (1950) Amer. J. Hyg. , vol.51 , pp. 126-133
    • Bodian, D.1    Morgan, I.2    Schwerdt, C.E.3
  • 15
    • 0000787909 scopus 로고
    • An experimental study of the role of neurons in the dissemination of poliomyelitis virus in the nervous system
    • Bodian D. and Howe H.A. (1940) An experimental study of the role of neurons in the dissemination of poliomyelitis virus in the nervous system. Brain, 63, 135-162.
    • (1940) Brain , vol.63 , pp. 135-162
    • Bodian, D.1    Howe, H.A.2
  • 16
    • 0000859064 scopus 로고
    • Experimental studies on intraneural spread of poliomyelitis virus
    • Bodian D. and Howe H.A. (1941) Experimental studies on intraneural spread of poliomyelitis virus. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp., 68, 248-267.
    • (1941) Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. , vol.68 , pp. 248-267
    • Bodian, D.1    Howe, H.A.2
  • 17
    • 0000517316 scopus 로고
    • Drainage of cerebral interstitial fluid into deep cervical lymph of the rabbit
    • Bradbury M.W.B., Cserr H.F. and Westop R.J. (1981) Drainage of cerebral interstitial fluid into deep cervical lymph of the rabbit. Am. J. Physiol., 240, F329-F336.
    • (1981) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.240
    • Bradbury, M.W.B.1    Cserr, H.F.2    Westop, R.J.3
  • 18
    • 0014757558 scopus 로고
    • The blood-brain barrier to proteins under normal and pathological conditions
    • Brightman M.W., Klatzo I., Olsson Y. and Reese T.S. (1970) The blood-brain barrier to proteins under normal and pathological conditions. J. Neurol. Sci., 10, 215-239.
    • (1970) J. Neurol. Sci. , vol.10 , pp. 215-239
    • Brightman, M.W.1    Klatzo, I.2    Olsson, Y.3    Reese, T.S.4
  • 19
    • 0014481056 scopus 로고
    • Junctions between intimately apposed cell membranes in the vertebrate brain
    • Brightman M.W. and Reese T.S. (1969) Junctions between intimately apposed cell membranes in the vertebrate brain. J. Cell. Biol., 40, 648-677.
    • (1969) J. Cell. Biol. , vol.40 , pp. 648-677
    • Brightman, M.W.1    Reese, T.S.2
  • 20
    • 7844224061 scopus 로고
    • Infection of the central nervous system by louping ill virus: An investigation by the quantitative egg membrane technique
    • Burnet F.M. and Lush D. (1938) Infection of the central nervous system by louping ill virus: An investigation by the quantitative egg membrane technique. Austrailian J. Exper. Biol. and M. Sc., 16, 233-240.
    • (1938) Austrailian J. Exper. Biol. and M. Sc. , vol.16 , pp. 233-240
    • Burnet, F.M.1    Lush, D.2
  • 21
    • 0008356262 scopus 로고
    • Studies on experimental herpes infection in mice, using the chlorioallantoic technique
    • Burnet F.M. and Lush D. (1939) Studies on experimental herpes infection in mice, using the chlorioallantoic technique. J. Pathol. Bacteriol., 49, 241-259.
    • (1939) J. Pathol. Bacteriol. , vol.49 , pp. 241-259
    • Burnet, F.M.1    Lush, D.2
  • 23
    • 0029058612 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of neuroinvasion of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in the mouse
    • Academic Press, Orlando, Fla.
    • Charles P.C., Walters E., Margolis F. and Johnston R.E. (1995) Mechanism of neuroinvasion of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in the mouse. In Virology (Academic Press, Orlando, Fla.), 208, 662-671.
    • (1995) Virology , vol.208 , pp. 662-671
    • Charles, P.C.1    Walters, E.2    Margolis, F.3    Johnston, R.E.4
  • 24
    • 0003348369 scopus 로고
    • Nasal Systemic Drug Delivery
    • Swarbrick, J. (ed), (Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York)
    • Chien Y.W., Su K.S.E. and Chang S.F. (1989) Nasal Systemic Drug Delivery. In Swarbrick, J. (ed), Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences. (Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York), 39.
    • (1989) Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences , pp. 39
    • Chien, Y.W.1    Su, K.S.E.2    Chang, S.F.3
  • 25
    • 7844229199 scopus 로고
    • The relation to the blood of the virus of epidemic poliomyelitis
    • Clark P.F., Fraser F.R. and Amoss H.L. (1917) The relation to the blood of the virus of epidemic poliomyelitis. J. Exp. Med., 19, 223-233.
    • (1917) J. Exp. Med. , vol.19 , pp. 223-233
    • Clark, P.F.1    Fraser, F.R.2    Amoss, H.L.3
  • 26
    • 0342494701 scopus 로고
    • Anatomical investigation into the routes by which infections may pass from the nasal cavities into the brain
    • H.M. Stationary Office, London
    • Clark W.E. and Le Gros (1929) Anatomical investigation into the routes by which infections may pass from the nasal cavities into the brain, In Ministry of Health Report on Public Health and Medical Subjects, (H.M. Stationary Office, London), No. 54.
    • (1929) Ministry of Health Report on Public Health and Medical Subjects , vol.54
    • Clark, W.E.1    Gros, L.2
  • 27
    • 0008303076 scopus 로고
    • Localization of antigen in tissue cells. IV. Antigens of rickettsiae and mumps virus
    • Coons A.H., Snyder J.C., Cheever F.S. and Murray E.S. (1950) Localization of antigen in tissue cells. IV. Antigens of rickettsiae and mumps virus. J. Exp. Med., 91, 31-38.
    • (1950) J. Exp. Med. , vol.91 , pp. 31-38
    • Coons, A.H.1    Snyder, J.C.2    Cheever, F.S.3    Murray, E.S.4
  • 28
    • 0019556901 scopus 로고
    • Efflux of radiolabeled polyethylene glycols and albumin from rat brain
    • Cserr H.F., Cooper D.N., Suri P.K. and Pallak C.S. (1981) Efflux of radiolabeled polyethylene glycols and albumin from rat brain. Am. J. Physiol., 240, F319-F328.
    • (1981) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.240
    • Cserr, H.F.1    Cooper, D.N.2    Suri, P.K.3    Pallak, C.S.4
  • 29
    • 0014818355 scopus 로고
    • 198Au from nasal mucosal membrane into the cerebrospinal fluid
    • 198Au from nasal mucosal membrane into the cerebrospinal fluid. Acta Otolaryngol. (Stockh.), 70, 58-61.
    • (1970) Acta Otolaryngol. (Stockh.) , vol.70 , pp. 58-61
    • Czerniawska, A.1
  • 30
    • 0019828671 scopus 로고
    • Bioavailability of progesterone by intranasal spraying
    • David G.F.X., Puri C.P. and Anand Kumar T.C. (1981) Bioavailability of progesterone by intranasal spraying. Experientia, 37, 533-534.
    • (1981) Experientia , vol.37 , pp. 533-534
    • David, G.F.X.1    Puri, C.P.2    Anand Kumar, T.C.3
  • 32
    • 0027716685 scopus 로고
    • Localization of neurotrophin receptors in olfactory epithelium and bulb
    • Deckner M.L., Frisen J., Verge V.M., Hokfelt T. and Risling M. (1993) Localization of neurotrophin receptors in olfactory epithelium and bulb. Neuroreport, 5, 301-304.
    • (1993) Neuroreport , vol.5 , pp. 301-304
    • Deckner, M.L.1    Frisen, J.2    Verge, V.M.3    Hokfelt, T.4    Risling, M.5
  • 33
    • 0002011796 scopus 로고
    • The olfactory neuron and the blood-brain barrier
    • Wolstenholm G.E.W., Knights, J. (eds), (London, J & A Churchill Ltd.)
    • De Lorenzo A.J.D. (1970) The olfactory neuron and the blood-brain barrier. In Wolstenholm G.E.W., Knights, J. (eds), Taste and Smell in Invertibrates. (London, J & A Churchill Ltd.) 151-176.
    • (1970) Taste and Smell in Invertibrates , pp. 151-176
    • De Lorenzo, A.J.D.1
  • 34
    • 0031037193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intranasal administration of the dopaminergic agonists, L-DOPA, amphetamine, and cocaine increases dopamine activity in the neostriatum: A microdialysis study in the rat
    • De Souza Silva M.A., Mattern C., Hacker R., Nogueira P.J.C., Huslon J.P. and Schwarting R.K.W. (1997) Intranasal administration of the dopaminergic agonists, L-DOPA, amphetamine, and cocaine increases dopamine activity in the neostriatum: a microdialysis study in the rat. J. Neurochem., 68, 233-239.
    • (1997) J. Neurochem. , vol.68 , pp. 233-239
    • De Souza Silva, M.A.1    Mattern, C.2    Hacker, R.3    Nogueira, P.J.C.4    Huslon, J.P.5    Schwarting, R.K.W.6
  • 36
    • 0023636719 scopus 로고
    • Blood-brain barrier transcytosis of insulin in developing rabbits
    • Duffy K.R. and Pardridge W.M. (1987) Blood-brain barrier transcytosis of insulin in developing rabbits. Brain Res., 420, 32-38.
    • (1987) Brain Res. , vol.420 , pp. 32-38
    • Duffy, K.R.1    Pardridge, W.M.2
  • 37
    • 0020047261 scopus 로고
    • Herpes simplex encephalitis. An immunohistological study of the distribution of viral antigen within the brain
    • Esiri M.M. (1982) Herpes simplex encephalitis. An immunohistological study of the distribution of viral antigen within the brain. J. Neurol. Sci., 54, 209-226.
    • (1982) J. Neurol. Sci. , vol.54 , pp. 209-226
    • Esiri, M.M.1
  • 38
    • 0021270284 scopus 로고
    • Herpes simplex encephalitis. Immunohistological demonstration of spread of virus via olfactory and trigeminal pathways after infection of facial skin in mice
    • Esiri M.M. and Tomlinson A.H. (1984) Herpes simplex encephalitis. Immunohistological demonstration of spread of virus via olfactory and trigeminal pathways after infection of facial skin in mice. J. Neurol. Sci., 64, 213-217.
    • (1984) J. Neurol. Sci. , vol.64 , pp. 213-217
    • Esiri, M.M.1    Tomlinson, A.H.2
  • 39
    • 0342461641 scopus 로고
    • The early lesions of poliomyelitis after intranasal inoculation
    • Faber H.K. (1938) The early lesions of poliomyelitis after intranasal inoculation. J. Pediat., 13, 10-37.
    • (1938) J. Pediat. , vol.13 , pp. 10-37
    • Faber, H.K.1
  • 40
    • 7844233373 scopus 로고
    • Localization of poliomyelitic virus during incubation period after intranasal instillation in monkeys
    • Faber H.K. and Gebhardt L.D. (1933a) Localization of poliomyelitic virus during incubation period after intranasal instillation in monkeys. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. Med., 30, 879-880.
    • (1933) Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. Med. , vol.30 , pp. 879-880
    • Faber, H.K.1    Gebhardt, L.D.2
  • 41
    • 0342895777 scopus 로고
    • Localizations of the virus of poliomyelitis in the central nervous system during the preparalytic period, after intranasal inoculation
    • Faber H.K. and Gebhardt L.D. (1933b) Localizations of the virus of poliomyelitis in the central nervous system during the preparalytic period, after intranasal inoculation. J. Exp. Med., 57, 933-954.
    • (1933) J. Exp. Med. , vol.57 , pp. 933-954
    • Faber, H.K.1    Gebhardt, L.D.2
  • 42
    • 0000732570 scopus 로고
    • The nasal mocosa and the subarachnoid space
    • Faber W.M. (1937) The nasal mocosa and the subarachnoid space. Am. J. Anat., 62, 121-148.
    • (1937) Am. J. Anat. , vol.62 , pp. 121-148
    • Faber, W.M.1
  • 44
    • 0001786285 scopus 로고
    • The pathogenesis of, and propagation of the virus in, experimental poliomyelitis
    • Fairbrother R.W. and Hurst E.W. (1930) The pathogenesis of, and propagation of the virus in, experimental poliomyelitis. J. Path. Bact., 33, 17-45.
    • (1930) J. Path. Bact. , vol.33 , pp. 17-45
    • Fairbrother, R.W.1    Hurst, E.W.2
  • 45
    • 3142631043 scopus 로고
    • Infection with neurotropic yellow fever virus following instillation into the nares and conjunctival sac
    • Findlay G.M. and Clarke L.P. (1935) Infection with neurotropic yellow fever virus following instillation into the nares and conjunctival sac. J. Path. Bact., 40, 55-66.
    • (1935) J. Path. Bact. , vol.40 , pp. 55-66
    • Findlay, G.M.1    Clarke, L.P.2
  • 46
    • 7844224455 scopus 로고
    • Encephalomyelitis produced by neurotropic yellow fever virus
    • Findlay G.M. and Stern R.O. (1935) Encephalomyelitis produced by neurotropic yellow fever virus. J. Path. Bact., 40, 311-318.
    • (1935) J. Path. Bact. , vol.40 , pp. 311-318
    • Findlay, G.M.1    Stern, R.O.2
  • 48
    • 0342461640 scopus 로고
    • The mode of infection of epidemic poliomyelitis
    • Flexner S. (1912) The mode of infection of epidemic poliomyelitis. J.A.M.A., 59, 1371.
    • (1912) J.A.M.A. , vol.59 , pp. 1371
    • Flexner, S.1
  • 49
    • 7844235517 scopus 로고
    • A note on the mode of infection in epidemic poliomyelitis
    • Flexner S. and Clark P.F., (1912) A note on the mode of infection in epidemic poliomyelitis. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 10, 1.
    • (1912) Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. , vol.10 , pp. 1
    • Flexner, S.1    Clark, P.F.2
  • 50
    • 7844241295 scopus 로고
    • Permeability of the blood-brain barrier to neurotropic viruses
    • Friedemann U. (1943) Permeability of the blood-brain barrier to neurotropic viruses. Arch. Pathol., 35, 912-930.
    • (1943) Arch. Pathol. , vol.35 , pp. 912-930
    • Friedemann, U.1
  • 52
    • 0026630124 scopus 로고
    • Fine structural aspects of secretion and extrinsic innervation in the olfactory mucosa
    • Getchell M.L. and Getchell T.V. (1992) Fine structural aspects of secretion and extrinsic innervation in the olfactory mucosa. Microsc. Res. Tech., 23, 111-127.
    • (1992) Microsc. Res. Tech. , vol.23 , pp. 111-127
    • Getchell, M.L.1    Getchell, T.V.2
  • 53
    • 0020803048 scopus 로고
    • Nasal anatomy, physiology and function
    • Geurkink N. (1983) Nasal anatomy, physiology and function. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 72, 123-128.
    • (1983) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. , vol.72 , pp. 123-128
    • Geurkink, N.1
  • 54
    • 0018192015 scopus 로고
    • Target site of intranasally sprayed substances and their transport across the nasal mucosa: A new insight into the intranasal route of drug delivery
    • Gopinath P.G., Gopinath G. and Kumar T.C.A. (1978) Target site of intranasally sprayed substances and their transport across the nasal mucosa: A new insight into the intranasal route of drug delivery. Curr. Ther. Res., 23, 596-607.
    • (1978) Curr. Ther. Res. , vol.23 , pp. 596-607
    • Gopinath, P.G.1    Gopinath, G.2    Kumar, T.C.A.3
  • 56
    • 0018404034 scopus 로고
    • Neurogenesis and neuron regeneration in the olfactory system of mammals. I. Morphological aspects of differentiation and structural organization of the olfactory sensory neurons
    • Graziadei P.P.C. and Monti-Graziadei G.A. (1979) Neurogenesis and neuron regeneration in the olfactory system of mammals. I. Morphological aspects of differentiation and structural organization of the olfactory sensory neurons. J. Neurocytol., 8, 1-18.
    • (1979) J. Neurocytol. , vol.8 , pp. 1-18
    • Graziadei, P.P.C.1    Monti-Graziadei, G.A.2
  • 57
    • 0022271771 scopus 로고
    • Neurogenesis and plasticity of the olfactory sensory neurons
    • Graziadei P.P.C. and Monti-Graziadei G.A. (1985) Neurogenesis and plasticity of the olfactory sensory neurons. Ann. NY. Acad. Sci., 457, 127-145.
    • (1985) Ann. NY. Acad. Sci. , vol.457 , pp. 127-145
    • Graziadei, P.P.C.1    Monti-Graziadei, G.A.2
  • 59
    • 0018746319 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the enzymatic blood-brain barrier: Quantitative measurement of DOPA decarboxylase in the wall of microvessels as related to the parenchyma in various CNS regions
    • Hardebo J.E., Falck B., Owman C. and Rosengreen E. (1979) Studies on the enzymatic blood-brain barrier: Quantitative measurement of DOPA decarboxylase in the wall of microvessels as related to the parenchyma in various CNS regions. Acta. Physiol. (Scand.), 105, 453-460.
    • (1979) Acta. Physiol. (Scand.) , vol.105 , pp. 453-460
    • Hardebo, J.E.1    Falck, B.2    Owman, C.3    Rosengreen, E.4
  • 60
    • 0025087064 scopus 로고
    • Sensory neurotoxicology: Use of the olfactory system in the assessment of toxicity
    • Hastings L. (1990) Sensory neurotoxicology: Use of the olfactory system in the assessment of toxicity. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 12, 455-459.
    • (1990) Neurotoxicology and Teratology , vol.12 , pp. 455-459
    • Hastings, L.1
  • 61
    • 0026338638 scopus 로고
    • Olfactory neuron as a route of entry for toxic agents into the CNS
    • Hastings L. and Evans J. (1991) Olfactory neuron as a route of entry for toxic agents into the CNS. Neurotoxicol., 12, 707-714.
    • (1991) Neurotoxicol. , vol.12 , pp. 707-714
    • Hastings, L.1    Evans, J.2
  • 62
    • 77957180502 scopus 로고
    • Accumulation of Cd(II) in the CNS depending upon the route of administration: Intraperitoneal, intratracheal, or intranasal
    • Hastings L. and Evans J. (1992) Accumulation of Cd(II) in the CNS depending upon the route of administration: intraperitoneal, intratracheal, or intranasal. Fund. Appl. Toxicol., 19, 275-278.
    • (1992) Fund. Appl. Toxicol. , vol.19 , pp. 275-278
    • Hastings, L.1    Evans, J.2
  • 63
    • 0031589187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uptake of nickel into the brain via olfactory neurons in rats
    • Henriksson J., Tallkvist J. and Tjavle H. (1997) Uptake of nickel into the brain via olfactory neurons in rats. Toxicol. Lett., 91, 153-162.
    • (1997) Toxicol. Lett. , vol.91 , pp. 153-162
    • Henriksson, J.1    Tallkvist, J.2    Tjavle, H.3
  • 64
    • 0019014479 scopus 로고
    • Selective staining by procion dyes of olfactory sensory neurons in the catfish. Ictalurus nebulosus
    • Holl A. (1980) Selective staining by procion dyes of olfactory sensory neurons in the catfish. Ictalurus nebulosus. Z. Naturforsch. C., 35, 526-528.
    • (1980) Z. Naturforsch. C. , vol.35 , pp. 526-528
    • Holl, A.1
  • 66
    • 7844242936 scopus 로고
    • Second attacks of poliomyelitis. An experimental study
    • Howe H.A. and Bodian D. (1941) Second attacks of poliomyelitis. An experimental study. J. Exp. Med., 74, 145-166.
    • (1941) J. Exp. Med. , vol.74 , pp. 145-166
    • Howe, H.A.1    Bodian, D.2
  • 67
    • 0027954320 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of vesicular stomatitis virus proteins in the brains of BALB/c mice following intranasal inoculation: An immunohistochemical analysis
    • Huneycutt B.S., Plakhov I.V., Shusterman Z., Bartido S.M., Huang A., Reiss C.S. and Aoki C. (1994) Distribution of vesicular stomatitis virus proteins in the brains of BALB/c mice following intranasal inoculation: an immunohistochemical analysis. Brain Res., 635, 81-95.
    • (1994) Brain Res. , vol.635 , pp. 81-95
    • Huneycutt, B.S.1    Plakhov, I.V.2    Shusterman, Z.3    Bartido, S.M.4    Huang, A.5    Reiss, C.S.6    Aoki, C.7
  • 68
    • 0019400949 scopus 로고
    • Nasal absorption of natural contraceptive steroids in rats-progesterone absorption
    • Hussain A.A., Hirai S. and Bawarshi R. (1981) Nasal absorption of natural contraceptive steroids in rats-progesterone absorption. J. Pharm. Sci., 70, 466-467.
    • (1981) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.70 , pp. 466-467
    • Hussain, A.A.1    Hirai, S.2    Bawarshi, R.3
  • 69
    • 0025108143 scopus 로고
    • Nasal administration of a cognition enhancer provides improved bioavailability but not enhanced brain delivery
    • Hussain M.A., Rakestraw D., Rowe S. and Aungst B.J. (1990) Nasal administration of a cognition enhancer provides improved bioavailability but not enhanced brain delivery. J. Pharm. Sci., 79, 771-772.
    • (1990) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.79 , pp. 771-772
    • Hussain, M.A.1    Rakestraw, D.2    Rowe, S.3    Aungst, B.J.4
  • 70
    • 0018352060 scopus 로고
    • Subarachnoid space of the CNS nasal mucosa and lymphatic system
    • Jackson R.T., Tigges J. and Arnold W. (1979) Subarachnoid space of the CNS nasal mucosa and lymphatic system. Arch. Otolaryngol, 105, 180-184.
    • (1979) Arch. Otolaryngol , vol.105 , pp. 180-184
    • Jackson, R.T.1    Tigges, J.2    Arnold, W.3
  • 71
    • 85012343540 scopus 로고
    • The pathogenesis of herpes virus encephalitis
    • Johnson R.T. (1964) The pathogenesis of herpes virus encephalitis. J. Exp. Med., 119, 343-356.
    • (1964) J. Exp. Med. , vol.119 , pp. 343-356
    • Johnson, R.T.1
  • 72
    • 0014402310 scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of viral infections of the nervous system
    • Johnson R.T. and Mims C.A. (1968a) Pathogenesis of viral infections of the nervous system. N. Engl. J. Med., 278, 23-30.
    • (1968) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.278 , pp. 23-30
    • Johnson, R.T.1    Mims, C.A.2
  • 73
    • 0014410437 scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of viral infections of the nervous system (concluded)
    • Johnson R.T. and Mims C.A. (1968b) Pathogenesis of viral infections of the nervous system (concluded). N. Engl. J. Med., 278, 84-92.
    • (1968) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.278 , pp. 84-92
    • Johnson, R.T.1    Mims, C.A.2
  • 74
    • 0027740941 scopus 로고
    • CSF drains directly from the subarachnoid space into the lymphatics in the rat. Anatomy, histology and immunological significance
    • Kida S., Pantazis A. and Weller R.O. (1993) CSF drains directly from the subarachnoid space into the lymphatics in the rat. Anatomy, histology and immunological significance. Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol., 19, 480-488.
    • (1993) Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. , vol.19 , pp. 480-488
    • Kida, S.1    Pantazis, A.2    Weller, R.O.3
  • 75
    • 0015166062 scopus 로고
    • Uptake of exogenous proteins in mouse olfactory cells
    • Kristensson K. and Olsson Y. (1971) Uptake of exogenous proteins in mouse olfactory cells. Acta. Neuropath. (Berl.), 19, 145-154.
    • (1971) Acta. Neuropath. (Berl.) , vol.19 , pp. 145-154
    • Kristensson, K.1    Olsson, Y.2
  • 76
    • 0028723915 scopus 로고
    • Role of gp63 and gIII of Aujeszky's disease virus in the invasion of the olfactory nervous pathway in neonatal pigs
    • Kritas S.K and Pensaert M.B. (1994) Role of gp63 and gIII of Aujeszky's disease virus in the invasion of the olfactory nervous pathway in neonatal pigs. Acta Vet. Hung., 42, 309-316.
    • (1994) Acta Vet. Hung. , vol.42 , pp. 309-316
    • Kritas, S.K.1    Pensaert, M.B.2
  • 78
    • 0023200855 scopus 로고
    • Absorptive mediated endocytosis of cationized albumin and a beta-endorphin-cationized albumin chimeric peptide by isolated brain capillaries: Model system of blood-brain barrier transport
    • Kumagai A.K., Eisenberg J. and Pardridge W.M. (1987) Absorptive mediated endocytosis of cationized albumin and a beta-endorphin-cationized albumin chimeric peptide by isolated brain capillaries: Model system of blood-brain barrier transport. J. Biol. Chem., 262, 15214-15219.
    • (1987) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.262 , pp. 15214-15219
    • Kumagai, A.K.1    Eisenberg, J.2    Pardridge, W.M.3
  • 79
    • 0025737829 scopus 로고
    • Spread of the CVS strain of rabies virus and of the avirulent mutant Av01 along the olfactory pathways of the mouse after intranasal inoculation
    • Lafay F., Coulon P., Asite L., Saucier D., Riche D., Holley A. and Flammand A. (1991) Spread of the CVS strain of rabies virus and of the avirulent mutant Av01 along the olfactory pathways of the mouse after intranasal inoculation. Virology, 183, 320-330.
    • (1991) Virology , vol.183 , pp. 320-330
    • Lafay, F.1    Coulon, P.2    Asite, L.3    Saucier, D.4    Riche, D.5    Holley, A.6    Flammand, A.7
  • 80
    • 0343766706 scopus 로고
    • Etude experimentale de la Poliomyelite aigue (Maladiede Heine Medin)
    • Landsteiner K., Levaditi C., (1910) Etude experimentale de la Poliomyelite aigue (Maladiede Heine Medin). Ann. Inst. Pasteur., 24, 833-878.
    • (1910) Ann. Inst. Pasteur. , vol.24 , pp. 833-878
    • Landsteiner, K.1    Levaditi, C.2
  • 81
    • 0031046897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disassociation between the in vitro and in vivo effects of nitric oxide on a neurotropic murine coronavirus
    • Lane T.E., Paoletti A.D. and Buchmeier M.J. (1997) Disassociation between the in vitro and in vivo effects of nitric oxide on a neurotropic murine coronavirus. J. Virol., 71, 2202-2210.
    • (1997) J. Virol. , vol.71 , pp. 2202-2210
    • Lane, T.E.1    Paoletti, A.D.2    Buchmeier, M.J.3
  • 82
    • 7844231740 scopus 로고
    • Experimentelle Untersuchungen uber poliomyelitis acuta
    • Leiner C. and von Wiesner R. (1910) Experimentelle Untersuchungen uber poliomyelitis acuta. Wien. Med. Wchnschr., 60, 2482.
    • (1910) Wien. Med. Wchnschr. , vol.60 , pp. 2482
    • Leiner, C.1    Von Wiesner, R.2
  • 83
    • 0017663086 scopus 로고
    • Are the terms blood-brain barrier and brain capillary permeability synonymous?
    • Levin E. (1977) Are the terms blood-brain barrier and brain capillary permeability synonymous? Exp. Eye Res., 25, 191-199.
    • (1977) Exp. Eye Res. , vol.25 , pp. 191-199
    • Levin, E.1
  • 84
    • 0015384219 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative composition of the nasal secretions in normal subjects
    • Lorin M.I., Gaerlan P.F. and Mandel I.D. (1972) Quantitative composition of the nasal secretions in normal subjects. J. Lab. Clin. Med., 80, 275-281.
    • (1972) J. Lab. Clin. Med. , vol.80 , pp. 275-281
    • Lorin, M.I.1    Gaerlan, P.F.2    Mandel, I.D.3
  • 86
    • 0015857048 scopus 로고
    • Experimental Naegleria meningoencephalitis in mice
    • Martinez A.J., Duma R.J. and Nelson E.C. (1973) Experimental Naegleria meningoencephalitis in mice. Lab. Invest., 29, 121-133.
    • (1973) Lab. Invest. , vol.29 , pp. 121-133
    • Martinez, A.J.1    Duma, R.J.2    Nelson, E.C.3
  • 87
    • 0029929737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the spread of Murray Valley encephalitis viruses of high or low neuroinvasiveness in the tissues of Swiss mice after peripheral inoculation
    • McMinn P.C., Dalgamo L. and Weir R.C. (1996) A comparison of the spread of Murray Valley encephalitis viruses of high or low neuroinvasiveness in the tissues of Swiss mice after peripheral inoculation. Virology, 220, 414-423.
    • (1996) Virology , vol.220 , pp. 414-423
    • McMinn, P.C.1    Dalgamo, L.2    Weir, R.C.3
  • 88
    • 85053555818 scopus 로고
    • The ultrastructure of olfactory and nasal respiratory epithelium surfaces
    • Reznik, G. and Stinson, S.F. (eds), (CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida)
    • Menco B.Ph.M. (1983) The ultrastructure of olfactory and nasal respiratory epithelium surfaces. In Reznik, G. and Stinson, S.F. (eds), Nasal Tumors in Animals and Man, Vol. 1, Anatomy, Physiology, and Epidemiology. (CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida) 45-102.
    • (1983) Nasal Tumors in Animals and Man, Vol. 1, Anatomy, Physiology, and Epidemiology , vol.1 , pp. 45-102
    • Menco, B.Ph.M.1
  • 89
    • 0021323556 scopus 로고
    • Ciliated and microvillous structures of rat olfactory and nasal respiratory epithelia. A study using ultrarapid cryo-fixation followed by freeze-substitution or freeze-etching
    • Menco B.Ph.M (1984) Ciliated and microvillous structures of rat olfactory and nasal respiratory epithelia. A study using ultrarapid cryo-fixation followed by freeze-substitution or freeze-etching. Cell Tissue Res., 235, 225-241.
    • (1984) Cell Tissue Res. , vol.235 , pp. 225-241
    • Menco, B.Ph.M.1
  • 90
    • 0020595817 scopus 로고
    • Mode of entry of a neurotropic arbovirus into the central nervous system. Reinvestigation of an old controversy
    • Monath T.P., Cropp C.B. and Harrison A.K. (1983) Mode of entry of a neurotropic arbovirus into the central nervous system. Reinvestigation of an old controversy. Lab. Invest., 48, 99-410.
    • (1983) Lab. Invest. , vol.48 , pp. 99-410
    • Monath, T.P.1    Cropp, C.B.2    Harrison, A.K.3
  • 91
    • 0019969544 scopus 로고
    • The fine structure of olfactory mucosa in man
    • Moran D.T., Rowley J.C., and Jafek B.W. (1982a) The fine structure of olfactory mucosa in man. J. Neurocytol., 11, 721-746.
    • (1982) J. Neurocytol. , vol.11 , pp. 721-746
    • Moran, D.T.1    Rowley, J.C.2    Jafek, B.W.3
  • 92
    • 0020361788 scopus 로고
    • Electron microscopy of human olfactory epithelium reveals a new cell type: The microvillar cell
    • Moran D.T., Rowley J.C., and Jafek B.W. (1982b) Electron microscopy of human olfactory epithelium reveals a new cell type: the microvillar cell. Brain Res., 253, 39-46.
    • (1982) Brain Res. , vol.253 , pp. 39-46
    • Moran, D.T.1    Rowley, J.C.2    Jafek, B.W.3
  • 93
    • 0026667809 scopus 로고
    • Morphology of olfactory epithelium in humans and other vertebrates
    • Morrison E.E. and Costanzo R.M. (1942) Morphology of olfactory epithelium in humans and other vertebrates. Microsc. Res. Tech., 23, 49-61.
    • (1942) Microsc. Res. Tech. , vol.23 , pp. 49-61
    • Morrison, E.E.1    Costanzo, R.M.2
  • 94
    • 0027947519 scopus 로고
    • Glycoprotein gE-negative pseudorabies virus has a reduced capability to infect second and third order neurons of the olfactory and trigeminal routes in the porcine central nervous system
    • Mulder W.A.M., Jacobs L., Priem J., Kok G.L., Wagenaar F., Kimman T.G. and Pol J.M.A. (1994) Glycoprotein gE-negative pseudorabies virus has a reduced capability to infect second and third order neurons of the olfactory and trigeminal routes in the porcine central nervous system. J. Gen. Virol., 75, 3095-3106.
    • (1994) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.75 , pp. 3095-3106
    • Mulder, W.A.M.1    Jacobs, L.2    Priem, J.3    Kok, G.L.4    Wagenaar, F.5    Kimman, T.G.6    Pol, J.M.A.7
  • 95
    • 0029967665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glyco-protein gE-negative pseudorabies virus can spread transneuronally via direct neuron-to-neuron transmission in its natural host, the pig, but not after additional inactivation of gE or gI
    • Mulder W.A.M., Pol J.M.A., Kimman T.G., Kok G.L., Priem J. and Peters B. (1996) Glyco-protein gE-negative pseudorabies virus can spread transneuronally via direct neuron-to-neuron transmission in its natural host, the pig, but not after additional inactivation of gE or gI. J. Virol., 70, 2191-2200.
    • (1996) J. Virol. , vol.70 , pp. 2191-2200
    • Mulder, W.A.M.1    Pol, J.M.A.2    Kimman, T.G.3    Kok, G.L.4    Priem, J.5    Peters, B.6
  • 96
    • 0018569372 scopus 로고
    • An immunohistochemical study of lysozyme in human nasal mucosa
    • Ogawa H., Kami K., Suzuki T. and Vannier W.E. (1979) An immunohistochemical study of lysozyme in human nasal mucosa. Keio J. Med., 28, 73-79.
    • (1979) Keio J. Med. , vol.28 , pp. 73-79
    • Ogawa, H.1    Kami, K.2    Suzuki, T.3    Vannier, W.E.4
  • 97
    • 0019121335 scopus 로고
    • 17β-estradiol levels in blood and cerebrospinal fluid alter ocular and nasal administration in women and female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)
    • Ohman L., Hahnenberger R. and Johansson E.D. (1980) 17β-estradiol levels in blood and cerebrospinal fluid alter ocular and nasal administration in women and female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Contraception, 22, 349-358.
    • (1980) Contraception , vol.22 , pp. 349-358
    • Ohman, L.1    Hahnenberger, R.2    Johansson, E.D.3
  • 98
    • 7844229908 scopus 로고
    • Temporary prevention by chemical means of intranasal infection of mice with equine encephalomyelitis virus
    • Olitsky P.K. and Cox H.R. (1934). Temporary prevention by chemical means of intranasal infection of mice with equine encephalomyelitis virus. Science, 80, 566-567.
    • (1934) Science , vol.80 , pp. 566-567
    • Olitsky, P.K.1    Cox, H.R.2
  • 99
    • 0015749709 scopus 로고
    • Nasoencephalopathy in suckling mice inoculated with the Tyzzer's organism
    • Onodera T. and Fujiwara K. (1973) Nasoencephalopathy in suckling mice inoculated with the Tyzzer's organism. Jpn. J. Exp. Med., 43, 509-522.
    • (1973) Jpn. J. Exp. Med. , vol.43 , pp. 509-522
    • Onodera, T.1    Fujiwara, K.2
  • 101
    • 0021841594 scopus 로고
    • Human blood-brain harrier insulin receptor
    • Pardridge W.M., Eisenberg J. and Yang J. (1985) Human blood-brain harrier insulin receptor. J. Neurochem., 44, 1771-1778.
    • (1985) J. Neurochem. , vol.44 , pp. 1771-1778
    • Pardridge, W.M.1    Eisenberg, J.2    Yang, J.3
  • 102
    • 0023227218 scopus 로고
    • Human blood-brain barrier transferin receptor
    • Pardridge W.M., Eisenherg J. and Yang J. (1987) Human blood-brain barrier transferin receptor. Metabolism, 36, 892-895.
    • (1987) Metabolism , vol.36 , pp. 892-895
    • Pardridge, W.M.1    Eisenherg, J.2    Yang, J.3
  • 104
    • 0023091678 scopus 로고
    • Uptake of aluminum into central nervous system along nasal-olfactory pathways
    • Perl D.P. and Good P.F. (1987) Uptake of aluminum into central nervous system along nasal-olfactory pathways. Lancet, 1, 1028.
    • (1987) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1028
    • Perl, D.P.1    Good, P.F.2
  • 105
    • 0028211650 scopus 로고
    • Mouse hepatitis virus and herpes simplex virus move along different CNS pathways
    • Perlman S., Barnett E.M. and Jacobsen G. (1993) Mouse hepatitis virus and herpes simplex virus move along different CNS pathways. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 342, 313-318.
    • (1993) Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. , vol.342 , pp. 313-318
    • Perlman, S.1    Barnett, E.M.2    Jacobsen, G.3
  • 106
    • 0028841047 scopus 로고
    • Spread of MHV-JHM from nasal cavity to white matter of spinal cord. Transneuronal movement and involvement of astrocytes
    • Perlman S., Sun N. and Barnett E.M. (1995) Spread of MHV-JHM from nasal cavity to white matter of spinal cord. Transneuronal movement and involvement of astrocytes. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 380, 73-78.
    • (1995) Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. , vol.380 , pp. 73-78
    • Perlman, S.1    Sun, N.2    Barnett, E.M.3
  • 107
    • 0029060949 scopus 로고
    • The earliest events in vesicular stomatitis virus infection of the murine olfactory neuroepithelium and entry of the central nervous system
    • Plakhov I.V., Arlund E.E. Aoki C. and Reiss C.S. (1995) The earliest events in vesicular stomatitis virus infection of the murine olfactory neuroepithelium and entry of the central nervous system. Virology, 209, 257-262.
    • (1995) Virology , vol.209 , pp. 257-262
    • Plakhov, I.V.1    Arlund, E.E.2    Aoki, C.3    Reiss, C.S.4
  • 108
    • 0017610710 scopus 로고
    • The upper airways, 1. Nasal physiology and defense of the lungs
    • Proctor D.F. (1977) The upper airways, 1. Nasal physiology and defense of the lungs. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 115, 97-129.
    • (1977) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , vol.115 , pp. 97-129
    • Proctor, D.F.1
  • 110
    • 85019481737 scopus 로고
    • The rapid invasion of the body through the olfactory mucosa
    • Rake G. (1937) The rapid invasion of the body through the olfactory mucosa. J. Exp. Med., 65, 303-315.
    • (1937) J. Exp. Med. , vol.65 , pp. 303-315
    • Rake, G.1
  • 111
    • 0013951937 scopus 로고
    • The separation and characterization of proteins intrinsic to nasal secretion
    • Rosen R.D., Alford R.H., Butler W.T. and Vannier W.E. (1966) The separation and characterization of proteins intrinsic to nasal secretion. Eur. J. Immunol., 97, 369-378.
    • (1966) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.97 , pp. 369-378
    • Rosen, R.D.1    Alford, R.H.2    Butler, W.T.3    Vannier, W.E.4
  • 112
    • 0029188004 scopus 로고
    • Spread of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in mice olfactory tract
    • Ryzhikov A.B., Ryabchikova E.I., Sergeev A.N. and Tkacheva N.V. (1995) Spread of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in mice olfactory tract. Arch. Virol. 140, 2243-2254.
    • (1995) Arch. Virol. , vol.140 , pp. 2243-2254
    • Ryzhikov, A.B.1    Ryabchikova, E.I.2    Sergeev, A.N.3    Tkacheva, N.V.4
  • 113
    • 0000980379 scopus 로고
    • Progression of different nasally instilled viruses along different nervous pathways in the same host
    • Sabin A.B. (1938) Progression of different nasally instilled viruses along different nervous pathways in the same host. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 38, 270-275.
    • (1938) Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. , vol.38 , pp. 270-275
    • Sabin, A.B.1
  • 114
    • 84964092952 scopus 로고
    • Influence of pathway of infection on pathology of olfactory bulbs in experimental poliomyelitis
    • Sabin A.B. and Olitsky P.K. (1936) Influence of pathway of infection on pathology of olfactory bulbs in experimental poliomyelitis. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 35, 300-301.
    • (1936) Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. , vol.35 , pp. 300-301
    • Sabin, A.B.1    Olitsky, P.K.2
  • 115
    • 0006352099 scopus 로고
    • Influence of host factors on neuroinvasiveness of vesicular stomatitis virus. I. Effect of age on the invasion of the brain by viruses instilled in the nose
    • Sabin A.B. and Olitsky P.K. (1937a) Influence of host factors on neuroinvasiveness of vesicular stomatitis virus. I. Effect of age on the invasion of the brain by viruses instilled in the nose. J. Exp. Med., 66, 15-34.
    • (1937) J. Exp. Med. , vol.66 , pp. 15-34
    • Sabin, A.B.1    Olitsky, P.K.2
  • 116
    • 7844223687 scopus 로고
    • Pathological evidence of axonal trans-synaptic progression of vesicular stomatitis and eastern equine encephalomyelitis
    • Sabin A.B. and Olitsky P.K. (1937b) Pathological evidence of axonal trans-synaptic progression of vesicular stomatitis and eastern equine encephalomyelitis. Am. J. Path., 13, 615.
    • (1937) Am. J. Path. , vol.13 , pp. 615
    • Sabin, A.B.1    Olitsky, P.K.2
  • 117
    • 0343330888 scopus 로고
    • The olfactory bulbs in experimental poliomyelitis. Their pathologic condition as an indicator of the portal of entry of the virus
    • Sabin A.B. and Olitsky P.K. (1937c) The olfactory bulbs in experimental poliomyelitis. Their pathologic condition as an indicator of the portal of entry of the virus. J.A.M.A., 108, 21-24.
    • (1937) J.A.M.A. , vol.108 , pp. 21-24
    • Sabin, A.B.1    Olitsky, P.K.2
  • 118
    • 85007548318 scopus 로고
    • Influence of host factors on neuroinvasiveness of vesicular stomatitis virus. II. Effect of age on the invasion of the peripheral and central nervous systems by virus injected into the leg muscles or the eye
    • Sabin A.B. and Olitsky P.K. (1937d) Influence of host factors on neuroinvasiveness of vesicular stomatitis virus. II. Effect of age on the invasion of the peripheral and central nervous systems by virus injected into the leg muscles or the eye. J. Exp. Med., 66, 35-57.
    • (1937) J. Exp. Med. , vol.66 , pp. 35-57
    • Sabin, A.B.1    Olitsky, P.K.2
  • 119
    • 0343330887 scopus 로고
    • Fate of nasally instilled poliomyelitis virus in normal and convalescent monkeys with special reference to the problem of host to host transmission
    • Sabin A.B. and Olitsky P.K. (1938a) Fate of nasally instilled poliomyelitis virus in normal and convalescent monkeys with special reference to the problem of host to host transmission. J. Exp. Med., 68, 39-61.
    • (1938) J. Exp. Med. , vol.68 , pp. 39-61
    • Sabin, A.B.1    Olitsky, P.K.2
  • 120
    • 0000724120 scopus 로고
    • Influence of host factors on neuroinvasiveness of vesicular stomatitis virus. III. Effect of age and pathway of infection on the character and localization of lesions in the central nervous system
    • Sabin A.B. and Olitsky P.K. (1938b) Influence of host factors on neuroinvasiveness of vesicular stomatitis virus. III. Effect of age and pathway of infection on the character and localization of lesions in the central nervous system. J. Exp. Med., 67, 201-227.
    • (1938) J. Exp. Med. , vol.67 , pp. 201-227
    • Sabin, A.B.1    Olitsky, P.K.2
  • 121
    • 85016622852 scopus 로고
    • Influence of host factors on neuroinvasiveness of vesicular stomatitis virus, IV. Variations in neuroinvasiveness in different species
    • Sabin A.B. and Olitsky P.K. (1938c) Influence of host factors on neuroinvasiveness of vesicular stomatitis virus, IV. Variations in neuroinvasiveness in different species J. Exp. Med., 67, 229-249.
    • (1938) J. Exp. Med. , vol.67 , pp. 229-249
    • Sabin, A.B.1    Olitsky, P.K.2
  • 123
    • 0025944792 scopus 로고
    • The transport of a drug to the cerebrospinal fluid directly from the nasal cavity: The relation to the lipophilicity of the drug
    • Sakane T., Akizuki M., Yamashita S., Nadai T., Hashida M. and Sezaki H. (1991b) The transport of a drug to the cerebrospinal fluid directly from the nasal cavity: The relation to the lipophilicity of the drug. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 39, 2456-2458.
    • (1991) Chem. Pharm. Bull. , vol.39 , pp. 2456-2458
    • Sakane, T.1    Akizuki, M.2    Yamashita, S.3    Nadai, T.4    Hashida, M.5    Sezaki, H.6
  • 124
    • 0028323017 scopus 로고
    • Direct drug transport from the rat nasal cavity to the cerebrospinal fluid: The relation to the dissociation of the drug
    • Sakane T., Akizuki M., Yamashita S., Sezaki H. and Nadai T. (1994) Direct drug transport from the rat nasal cavity to the cerebrospinal fluid: The relation to the dissociation of the drug. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 46, 378-379.
    • (1994) J. Pharm. Pharmacol. , vol.46 , pp. 378-379
    • Sakane, T.1    Akizuki, M.2    Yamashita, S.3    Sezaki, H.4    Nadai, T.5
  • 125
    • 0029072298 scopus 로고
    • Direct drug transport from the rat nasal cavity to the cerebrospinal fluid: The relation to the molecular weight of drugs
    • Sakane T., Akizuki M., Taki Y., Yamashita S., Sezaki H. and Nadai T. (1995) Direct drug transport from the rat nasal cavity to the cerebrospinal fluid: The relation to the molecular weight of drugs. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 47, 379-381.
    • (1995) J. Pharm. Pharmacol. , vol.47 , pp. 379-381
    • Sakane, T.1    Akizuki, M.2    Taki, Y.3    Yamashita, S.4    Sezaki, H.5    Nadai, T.6
  • 126
  • 127
    • 0027935380 scopus 로고
    • Nasal absorption of zidovudine and its transport to cerebrospinal fluid in rats
    • Seki T., Sato N., Hasegawa T., Kawaguchi T. and Juni K. (1994) Nasal absorption of zidovudine and its transport to cerebrospinal fluid in rats. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 17, 1135-1137.
    • (1994) Biol. Pharm. Bull. , vol.17 , pp. 1135-1137
    • Seki, T.1    Sato, N.2    Hasegawa, T.3    Kawaguchi, T.4    Juni, K.5
  • 128
    • 0000193240 scopus 로고
    • The perineural epithelium-a new concept
    • Bourne, G.H. (ed). (Academic Press, Inc, NY)
    • Shanetha T.R. and Bourne G.H. (1968) The perineural epithelium-a new concept. In Bourne, G.H. (ed). The Structure and Function of the Nervous System. (Academic Press, Inc, NY) Vol.1, 168-189.
    • (1968) The Structure and Function of the Nervous System , vol.1 , pp. 168-189
    • Shanetha, T.R.1    Bourne, G.H.2
  • 130
    • 0022253549 scopus 로고
    • Transport of molecules from nose to brain: Transneuronal anterograde and retrograde labeling in the rat olfactory system by wheal germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase applied to the nasal epithelium
    • Shipley M.T. (1985) Transport of molecules from nose to brain: transneuronal anterograde and retrograde labeling in the rat olfactory system by wheal germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase applied to the nasal epithelium. Brain Res. Bull., 15, 129-142.
    • (1985) Brain Res. Bull. , vol.15 , pp. 129-142
    • Shipley, M.T.1
  • 131
    • 84936228909 scopus 로고
    • Studies on herpetic infections in mice
    • Slavin H.B. and Berry G.P. (1943) Studies on herpetic infections in mice. J. Exp. Med., 78, 315-321.
    • (1943) J. Exp. Med. , vol.78 , pp. 315-321
    • Slavin, H.B.1    Berry, G.P.2
  • 132
    • 0021162673 scopus 로고
    • Localization of herpes simplex virus in the trigeminal and olfactory systems of the mouse central nervous system during acute and latent infections by in situ hybridization
    • Stroop W.G., Rock D.L. and Fraser N.W. (1984) Localization of herpes simplex virus in the trigeminal and olfactory systems of the mouse central nervous system during acute and latent infections by in situ hybridization. Lab. Invest., 51, 27-38.
    • (1984) Lab. Invest. , vol.51 , pp. 27-38
    • Stroop, W.G.1    Rock, D.L.2    Fraser, N.W.3
  • 133
    • 0029026040 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of the olfactory pathway for drug delivery to the brain
    • nd. (1995) Quantitative analysis of the olfactory pathway for drug delivery to the brain. Brain Res., 692, 278-282.
    • (1995) Brain Res. , vol.692 , pp. 278-282
    • Thorne, R.G.1    Emory, C.R.2    Ala, T.A.3    Frey II, W.H.4
  • 134
    • 0019230275 scopus 로고
    • Structural aspects of brain barriers, with special reference to the permeability of the cerebral endothelium and choroidal epithelium
    • van Deurs B. (1980) Structural aspects of brain barriers, with special reference to the permeability of the cerebral endothelium and choroidal epithelium. Int. Rev. Cytol., 65, 117-191.
    • (1980) Int. Rev. Cytol. , vol.65 , pp. 117-191
    • Van Deurs, B.1
  • 136
    • 7844237568 scopus 로고
    • The limiting neurotropic character of the encephalitis virus (St. Louis Type) in susceptable mice
    • Webster L.T. and Clow A.D. (1936) The limiting neurotropic character of the encephalitis virus (St. Louis Type) in susceptable mice. J. Exp. Med., 63, 433-448.
    • (1936) J. Exp. Med. , vol.63 , pp. 433-448
    • Webster, L.T.1    Clow, A.D.2
  • 137
    • 7844243311 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal dynamics and axonal flow, II. The olfactory nerve as a model test object
    • Weiss P. and Holland Y. (1967) Neuronal dynamics and axonal flow, II. The olfactory nerve as a model test object. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 57, 258-264.
    • (1967) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , vol.57 , pp. 258-264
    • Weiss, P.1    Holland, Y.2
  • 138
    • 0026928760 scopus 로고
    • Pathways of fluid drainage from the brain-morphological aspects and immunological significance in rat and man
    • Weller R.O., Kida S. and Zhang E.T. (1992) Pathways of fluid drainage from the brain-morphological aspects and immunological significance in rat and man. Brain Pathol., 2, 277-284.
    • (1992) Brain Pathol. , vol.2 , pp. 277-284
    • Weller, R.O.1    Kida, S.2    Zhang, E.T.3
  • 139
    • 7844242595 scopus 로고
    • Passage of fluid and other substances through the nasal mucosa
    • Yoffey J.M. (1958) Passage of fluid and other substances through the nasal mucosa. J. Laryngol. Otolaryngol., 72, 377-384.
    • (1958) J. Laryngol. Otolaryngol. , vol.72 , pp. 377-384
    • Yoffey, J.M.1
  • 140
    • 0007739198 scopus 로고
    • The lymphatic pathway from the nose and pharynx. The dessemination of nasally instilled vaccinia virus
    • Yoffey J.M. and Sullivan E.R. (1939) The lymphatic pathway from the nose and pharynx. The dessemination of nasally instilled vaccinia virus. J. Exp. Med., 69, 133-141.
    • (1939) J. Exp. Med. , vol.69 , pp. 133-141
    • Yoffey, J.M.1    Sullivan, E.R.2
  • 141
    • 84930781469 scopus 로고
    • The lymphatic pathway from the nose and the pharynx. The absorption of certain proteins
    • Yoffey J.M., Sullivan E.R. and Drinker C.K. (1938) The lymphatic pathway from the nose and the pharynx. The absorption of certain proteins. J. Exp. Med., 68, 941-947.
    • (1938) J. Exp. Med. , vol.68 , pp. 941-947
    • Yoffey, J.M.1    Sullivan, E.R.2    Drinker, C.K.3
  • 142
    • 85025412592 scopus 로고
    • The lymphatic pathway from the nose and the pharynx. The absorption of dyes
    • Yoffey J.M. and Drinker C.K. (1938) The lymphatic pathway from the nose and the pharynx. The absorption of dyes. J. Exp. Med., 68, 629-640.
    • (1938) J. Exp. Med. , vol.68 , pp. 629-640
    • Yoffey, J.M.1    Drinker, C.K.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.