메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 152, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 184-192

Absence of a protective effect of the oxime 2-PAM toward paraoxon- poisoned honey bees: Acetylcholinesterase reactivation not at fault

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; ATROPINE; ORGANOPHOSPHATE INSECTICIDE; PARAOXON; PRALIDOXIME;

EID: 0031738425     PISSN: 0041008X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/taap.1998.8483     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (12)

References (51)
  • 2
    • 0028908608 scopus 로고
    • Amino acid residues controlling reactivation of organophosphonyl conjugates of acetylcholinesterase by mono- And bisquaternary oximes
    • Ashani, Y., Radic, Z., Tsigelny, I., Vellom, D. C., Pickering, N. A., Quinn, D. M., Doctor, B. P., and Taylor, P. (1995). Amino acid residues controlling reactivation of organophosphonyl conjugates of acetylcholinesterase by mono- and bisquaternary oximes. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 6370-6380.
    • (1995) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.270 , pp. 6370-6380
    • Ashani, Y.1    Radic, Z.2    Tsigelny, I.3    Vellom, D.C.4    Pickering, N.A.5    Quinn, D.M.6    Doctor, B.P.7    Taylor, P.8
  • 3
    • 0345125144 scopus 로고
    • Cholinesterase reactivators tested as antidotes for use on poisoned honey bees
    • Barker, R. J. (1970). Cholinesterase reactivators tested as antidotes for use on poisoned honey bees. J. Econ. Entomol. 63, 1831-1834.
    • (1970) J. Econ. Entomol. , vol.63 , pp. 1831-1834
    • Barker, R.J.1
  • 4
    • 0018860032 scopus 로고
    • Pesticides and honey bees: Nectar and pollen contamination in alfalfa treated with dimethoate
    • Barker, R. J., Lehner, Y., and Kunzmann, M. R. (1980). Pesticides and honey bees: Nectar and pollen contamination in alfalfa treated with dimethoate. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 9, 125-133.
    • (1980) Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , vol.9 , pp. 125-133
    • Barker, R.J.1    Lehner, Y.2    Kunzmann, M.R.3
  • 5
    • 0345556679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of properties of native and lytic forms of acetylcholinesterase from Apis mellifera
    • Belzunces, L. P., and Debras, J.-F. (1997). Comparison of properties of native and lytic forms of acetylcholinesterase from Apis mellifera. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 34, 143-157.
    • (1997) Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. , vol.34 , pp. 143-157
    • Belzunces, L.P.1    Debras, J.-F.2
  • 6
    • 0344694443 scopus 로고
    • Properties of acetylcholinesterase from Apis mellifera heads
    • Belzunces, L. P., Lenoir-Rousseaux, J.-J., and Bounias, M. (1988a). Properties of acetylcholinesterase from Apis mellifera heads. Insect Biochem. 18, 811-819.
    • (1988) Insect Biochem. , vol.18 , pp. 811-819
    • Belzunces, L.P.1    Lenoir-Rousseaux, J.-J.2    Bounias, M.3
  • 7
    • 0024288973 scopus 로고
    • Acetylcholinesterase from Apis mellifera head. Evidence for amphiphilic and hydrophilic forms characterized by Triton X-114 phase separation
    • Belzunces, L. P., Toutant, J.-P., and Bounias, M. (1988b). Acetylcholinesterase from Apis mellifera head. Evidence for amphiphilic and hydrophilic forms characterized by Triton X-114 phase separation. Biochem. J. 255, 463-470.
    • (1988) Biochem. J. , vol.255 , pp. 463-470
    • Belzunces, L.P.1    Toutant, J.-P.2    Bounias, M.3
  • 9
    • 0003092357 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy, toxicity and clinical use of oximes in anticholinesterase poisoning
    • (B. Ballantyne and T. C. Marrs, Eds.), Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford
    • Bismuth, C., Inns, R. H., and Marrs, T. C. (1992). Efficacy, toxicity and clinical use of oximes in anticholinesterase poisoning. In Clinical and Experimental Toxicology of Organophosphates and Carbamates (B. Ballantyne and T. C. Marrs, Eds.), pp. 555-577. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford.
    • (1992) Clinical and Experimental Toxicology of Organophosphates and Carbamates , pp. 555-577
    • Bismuth, C.1    Inns, R.H.2    Marrs, T.C.3
  • 11
    • 0003881163 scopus 로고
    • The role of target site activation of phosphorothionates in acute toxicity
    • (J. E. Chambers and P. E. Levi, Eds.), Academic Press, San Diego
    • Chambers, J. E. (1992). The role of target site activation of phosphorothionates in acute toxicity. In Organophosphates: Chemistry, Fate and Effects (J. E. Chambers and P. E. Levi, Eds.), pp. 229-239. Academic Press, San Diego.
    • (1992) Organophosphates: Chemistry, Fate and Effects , pp. 229-239
    • Chambers, J.E.1
  • 12
    • 0028134939 scopus 로고
    • In vitro oxime-induced reactivation of various molecular forms of soman-inhibited acetylcholinesterase in striated muscle from rat, monkey and human
    • Clement, J. G., and Erhardt, N. (1994). In vitro oxime-induced reactivation of various molecular forms of soman-inhibited acetylcholinesterase in striated muscle from rat, monkey and human. Arch. Toxicol. 68, 648-655.
    • (1994) Arch. Toxicol. , vol.68 , pp. 648-655
    • Clement, J.G.1    Erhardt, N.2
  • 13
    • 0345125143 scopus 로고
    • Insecticides inhibiting acetylcholinesterase
    • (J. R. Corbett, K. Wright, and A. C. Baillie, Eds.), Academic Press, New York
    • Corbett, J. R., Wright, K., and Baillie, A. C. (1984). Insecticides inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. In The Biochemical Mode of Action of Pesticides (J. R. Corbett, K. Wright, and A. C. Baillie, Eds.), pp. 99-140. Academic Press, New York.
    • (1984) The Biochemical Mode of Action of Pesticides , pp. 99-140
    • Corbett, J.R.1    Wright, K.2    Baillie, A.C.3
  • 14
    • 0028132872 scopus 로고
    • Review of oximes available for treatment of nerve agent poisoning
    • Dawson, R. M. (1994). Review of oximes available for treatment of nerve agent poisoning. J. Appl. Toxicol. 14, 317-331.
    • (1994) J. Appl. Toxicol. , vol.14 , pp. 317-331
    • Dawson, R.M.1
  • 15
    • 0000423046 scopus 로고
    • Acetylcholinesterases and anticholinesterases
    • (G. A. Kerkut and L. I. Gilbert, Eds.), Pergamon Press, Oxford
    • Eldefrawi, A. T. (1985). Acetylcholinesterases and anticholinesterases. In Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology (G. A. Kerkut and L. I. Gilbert, Eds.), pp. 115-130. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
    • (1985) Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology , pp. 115-130
    • Eldefrawi, A.T.1
  • 16
    • 33644811612 scopus 로고
    • A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity
    • Ellman, G. L., Courtney, K. D., Andres, V., and Featherstone, R. M. (1961). A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochem. Pharmacol. 7, 88-95.
    • (1961) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.7 , pp. 88-95
    • Ellman, G.L.1    Courtney, K.D.2    Andres, V.3    Featherstone, R.M.4
  • 18
    • 0008261788 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of chronic toxicity of selected insecticides to honeybees
    • Fiedler, L. (1987). Assessment of chronic toxicity of selected insecticides to honeybees. J. Apic. Res. 26, 115-122.
    • (1987) J. Apic. Res. , vol.26 , pp. 115-122
    • Fiedler, L.1
  • 19
    • 0026578595 scopus 로고
    • Paraoxon block of chloride conductance in cell r2 of Aplysia californica
    • Filbert, M. G., Apland, J. P., Petrali, J. P., and Adler, M. (1992). Paraoxon block of chloride conductance in cell r2 of Aplysia californica. Brain Res. Bull. 28, 473-477.
    • (1992) Brain Res. Bull. , vol.28 , pp. 473-477
    • Filbert, M.G.1    Apland, J.P.2    Petrali, J.P.3    Adler, M.4
  • 20
    • 0028272286 scopus 로고
    • Modification of acetylcholinesterase as a mechanism of resistance to insecticides
    • Fournier, D., and Mutero, A. (1994). Modification of acetylcholinesterase as a mechanism of resistance to insecticides. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 108C, 19-31.
    • (1994) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.108 C , pp. 19-31
    • Fournier, D.1    Mutero, A.2
  • 22
    • 70449198203 scopus 로고
    • The reactivation of cholinesterase inhibited with organophosphorus compounds. 1. Reactivation by 2-oxoal-doximes
    • Green, A. L., and Smith, H. J. (1958a). The reactivation of cholinesterase inhibited with organophosphorus compounds. 1. Reactivation by 2-oxoal-doximes. Biochem. J. 68, 28-31.
    • (1958) Biochem. J. , vol.68 , pp. 28-31
    • Green, A.L.1    Smith, H.J.2
  • 23
    • 84961028413 scopus 로고
    • The reactivation of cholinesterase inhibited with organophosphorus compounds. 2. Reactivation by pyridinealdoxime methiodides
    • Green, A. L., and Smith, H. J. (1958b). The reactivation of cholinesterase inhibited with organophosphorus compounds. 2. Reactivation by pyridinealdoxime methiodides. Biochem. J. 68, 32-35.
    • (1958) Biochem. J. , vol.68 , pp. 32-35
    • Green, A.L.1    Smith, H.J.2
  • 24
    • 0029786271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions of oxime reactivators with diethylphosphoryl adducts of human acetylcholinesterase and its mutant derivatives
    • Grosfeld, H., Barak, D., Ordentlich, A., Velan, B., and Shafferman, A. (1996). Interactions of oxime reactivators with diethylphosphoryl adducts of human acetylcholinesterase and its mutant derivatives. Mol. Pharmacol. 50, 639-649.
    • (1996) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.50 , pp. 639-649
    • Grosfeld, H.1    Barak, D.2    Ordentlich, A.3    Velan, B.4    Shafferman, A.5
  • 25
    • 0022457953 scopus 로고
    • In vitro studies on the reactivation by oximes of phosphylated acetylcholinesterase-I. on the reactions of P2S with various organophosphates and the properties of the resultant phosphylated oximes
    • Harvey, B., Scott, R. P., Sellers, D. J., and Watts, P. (1986a). In vitro studies on the reactivation by oximes of phosphylated acetylcholinesterase-I. On the reactions of P2S with various organophosphates and the properties of the resultant phosphylated oximes. Biochem. Pharmacol. 35, 737-744.
    • (1986) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.35 , pp. 737-744
    • Harvey, B.1    Scott, R.P.2    Sellers, D.J.3    Watts, P.4
  • 26
    • 0022539696 scopus 로고
    • In vitro studies on the reactivation by oximes of phosphylated acetylcholinesterase-II. on the formation of O,O-diethyl phosphorylated AChE and O-ethyl methylphosphonylated AChE and their reactivation by P2S
    • Harvey, B., Scott, R. P., Sellers, D. J., and Watts, P. (1986b). In vitro studies on the reactivation by oximes of phosphylated acetylcholinesterase-II. On the formation of O,O-diethyl phosphorylated AChE and O-ethyl methylphosphonylated AChE and their reactivation by P2S. Biochem. Pharmacol. 35, 745-751.
    • (1986) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.35 , pp. 745-751
    • Harvey, B.1    Scott, R.P.2    Sellers, D.J.3    Watts, P.4
  • 29
    • 0013805620 scopus 로고
    • Activity-structure relationships in the reactivation of diethylphosphoryl acetylcholinesterase by phenyl-1-methyl pyridinium ketoximes
    • Kitz, R. J., Ginsburg, S., and Wilson, I. B. (1965). Activity-structure relationships in the reactivation of diethylphosphoryl acetylcholinesterase by phenyl-1-methyl pyridinium ketoximes. Biochem. Pharmacol. 14, 1471-1477.
    • (1965) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.14 , pp. 1471-1477
    • Kitz, R.J.1    Ginsburg, S.2    Wilson, I.B.3
  • 30
    • 0029740377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of some antimuscarinics against soman in vivo
    • Lau, W.-M., Lewis, K. J., and Dawson, R. M. (1996). Evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of some antimuscarinics against soman in vivo. J. Appl. Toxicol. 16, 423-430.
    • (1996) J. Appl. Toxicol. , vol.16 , pp. 423-430
    • Lau, W.-M.1    Lewis, K.J.2    Dawson, R.M.3
  • 31
    • 0030764030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of aspartate-70 in organophosphate inhibition, oxime re-activation and aging of human butyrylcholinesterase
    • Masson, P., Froment, M.-T., Bartels, C. F., and Lockridge, O. (1997). Importance of aspartate-70 in organophosphate inhibition, oxime re-activation and aging of human butyrylcholinesterase. Biochem. J. 325, 53-61.
    • (1997) Biochem. J. , vol.325 , pp. 53-61
    • Masson, P.1    Froment, M.-T.2    Bartels, C.F.3    Lockridge, O.4
  • 33
    • 0014333761 scopus 로고
    • The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by 2-pyridinealdoxime methyl halide
    • Mounter, L. A., and Ellin, R. I. (1968). The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by 2-pyridinealdoxime methyl halide. Mol. Pharmacol. 4, 452-456.
    • (1968) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.4 , pp. 452-456
    • Mounter, L.A.1    Ellin, R.I.2
  • 34
    • 15844404957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The architecture of human acetylcholinesterase active center probed by interactions with selected organophosphate inhibitors
    • Ordentlich, A., Barak, D., Kronman, C., Ariel, N., Segall, Y., Velan, B., and Shafferman, A. (1996). The architecture of human acetylcholinesterase active center probed by interactions with selected organophosphate inhibitors. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 11953-11962.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 11953-11962
    • Ordentlich, A.1    Barak, D.2    Kronman, C.3    Ariel, N.4    Segall, Y.5    Velan, B.6    Shafferman, A.7
  • 35
    • 0345556675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in acetylcholinesterase during pupal development of Apis mellifera queen
    • Polyzou, A., Debras, J. F., and Belzunces, L. P. (1997). Changes in acetylcholinesterase during pupal development of Apis mellifera queen. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 36, 69-84.
    • (1997) Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. , vol.36 , pp. 69-84
    • Polyzou, A.1    Debras, J.F.2    Belzunces, L.P.3
  • 36
    • 0030440891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paraoxon: Cholinesterase-independent stimulation of transmitter release and selective block of ligand-gated ion channels in cultured hippocampal neurons
    • Rocha, E. S., Swanson, K. L., Aracava, Y., Goolsby, J. E., Maelicke, A., and Albuquerque, E. X. (1996). Paraoxon: Cholinesterase-independent stimulation of transmitter release and selective block of ligand-gated ion channels in cultured hippocampal neurons. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 278, 1175-1187.
    • (1996) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.278 , pp. 1175-1187
    • Rocha, E.S.1    Swanson, K.L.2    Aracava, Y.3    Goolsby, J.E.4    Maelicke, A.5    Albuquerque, E.X.6
  • 37
    • 0029802389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute toxicity of several organophosphorous insecticides and protection by cholinergic antagonists and 2-PAM on Artemia salina Larvae
    • Sanchez-Fortun, S., Sanz, F., and Barahona, M. V. (1996). Acute toxicity of several organophosphorous insecticides and protection by cholinergic antagonists and 2-PAM on Artemia salina Larvae. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 31, 391-398.
    • (1996) Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , vol.31 , pp. 391-398
    • Sanchez-Fortun, S.1    Sanz, F.2    Barahona, M.V.3
  • 38
    • 0015890317 scopus 로고
    • Phosphonyloxime of soman: Formation and reaction with acetylcholinesterase in vitro
    • Schoene, K. (1973). Phosphonyloxime of soman: Formation and reaction with acetylcholinesterase in vitro. Biochem. Pharmacol. 22, 2997-3003.
    • (1973) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.22 , pp. 2997-3003
    • Schoene, K.1
  • 39
    • 0029021009 scopus 로고
    • Successive organophosphate inhibition and oxime reactivation reveals distinct responses of recombinant human cholinesterase variants
    • Schwarz, M., Loewenstein-Lichtenstein, Y., Glick, D., Liao, J., Norgaard-Pedersen, B., and Soreq, H. (1995). Successive organophosphate inhibition and oxime reactivation reveals distinct responses of recombinant human cholinesterase variants. Mol. Brain Res. 31, 101-110.
    • (1995) Mol. Brain Res. , vol.31 , pp. 101-110
    • Schwarz, M.1    Loewenstein-Lichtenstein, Y.2    Glick, D.3    Liao, J.4    Norgaard-Pedersen, B.5    Soreq, H.6
  • 40
    • 0018118125 scopus 로고
    • The acute toxicity of unformulated pesticides to worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.)
    • Stevenson, J. H. (1978). The acute toxicity of unformulated pesticides to worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). Plant Pathol. 27, 38-40.
    • (1978) Plant Pathol. , vol.27 , pp. 38-40
    • Stevenson, J.H.1
  • 41
    • 0028153395 scopus 로고
    • Non-cholinergic lethality following intravenous injection of carbamate insecticide in rabbits
    • Takahashi, H., Kakinuma, Y., and Futagawa, H. (1994). Non-cholinergic lethality following intravenous injection of carbamate insecticide in rabbits. Toxicology 93, 195-207.
    • (1994) Toxicology , vol.93 , pp. 195-207
    • Takahashi, H.1    Kakinuma, Y.2    Futagawa, H.3
  • 42
    • 0001237397 scopus 로고
    • Consequence of phosphorus stereochemistry upon the postinhibitory reaction kinetics of acetylcholinesterase poisoned by phosphorothiolates
    • Thompson, C. M., Ryu, S., and Berkman, C. E. (1992). Consequence of phosphorus stereochemistry upon the postinhibitory reaction kinetics of acetylcholinesterase poisoned by phosphorothiolates. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114, 10710-10715.
    • (1992) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.114 , pp. 10710-10715
    • Thompson, C.M.1    Ryu, S.2    Berkman, C.E.3
  • 43
    • 0024489712 scopus 로고
    • Insect acetylcholinesterase: Catalytic properties, tissue distribution and molecular forms
    • Toutant, J.-P. (1989). Insect acetylcholinesterase: Catalytic properties, tissue distribution and molecular forms. Prog. Neurobiol. 32, 423-446.
    • (1989) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.32 , pp. 423-446
    • Toutant, J.-P.1
  • 44
    • 0030910856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential muscarinic receptor binding of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in rat brain, human brain and Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing human receptors
    • Van den Beukel, I., Dijcks, F. A., Vanderheyden, P., Vauquelin, G., and Oortgiesen, M. (1997). Differential muscarinic receptor binding of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in rat brain, human brain and Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing human receptors. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 281, 1113-1119.
    • (1997) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.281 , pp. 1113-1119
    • Van Den Beukel, I.1    Dijcks, F.A.2    Vanderheyden, P.3    Vauquelin, G.4    Oortgiesen, M.5
  • 45
    • 0000277914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct functional effects of parathion and paraoxon on neuronal nicotinic and muscarinic M3 acetylcholine receptors. Fifth Joint Dutch in vitro Toxicology Meeting
    • Van den Beukel, I., Van Kleef, R. G. D. M., and Oortgiesen, M. (1996). Direct functional effects of parathion and paraoxon on neuronal nicotinic and muscarinic M3 acetylcholine receptors. Fifth Joint Dutch in vitro Toxicology Meeting. ATLA 24, 191-199.
    • (1996) ATLA , vol.24 , pp. 191-199
    • Van Den Beukel, I.1    Van Kleef, R.G.D.M.2    Oortgiesen, M.3
  • 47
    • 0028219596 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the therapeutic effects of pharmacokinetics of HI-6, HLö-7, HGG-12, HGG-42 and obidoxime following non-reactivatable acetylcholinesterase inhibition in rats
    • Van Helden, H. P. M., Van der Wiel, H. J., Zijlstra, J. J., Melchers, B. P. C., and Busker, R. W. (1994). Comparison of the therapeutic effects of pharmacokinetics of HI-6, HLö-7, HGG-12, HGG-42 and obidoxime following non-reactivatable acetylcholinesterase inhibition in rats. Arch. Toxicol. 68, 224-230.
    • (1994) Arch. Toxicol. , vol.68 , pp. 224-230
    • Van Helden, H.P.M.1    Van Der Wiel, H.J.2    Zijlstra, J.J.3    Melchers, B.P.C.4    Busker, R.W.5
  • 48
    • 0027762066 scopus 로고
    • N-glycosylation of human acetylcholinesterase: Effects on activity, stability and biosynthesis
    • Velan, B., Kronman, C., Ordentlich, A., Flashner, Y., Litner, M., Cohen, S., and Shafferman, A. (1993). N-glycosylation of human acetylcholinesterase: Effects on activity, stability and biosynthesis. Biochem. J. 296, 649-656.
    • (1993) Biochem. J. , vol.296 , pp. 649-656
    • Velan, B.1    Kronman, C.2    Ordentlich, A.3    Flashner, Y.4    Litner, M.5    Cohen, S.6    Shafferman, A.7
  • 49
    • 0022255784 scopus 로고
    • Effects of storage and pesticide treatments on honey bee brain acetyl cholinesterase activities
    • Westlake, G. E., Hardy, A. R., and Stevenson, J. H. (1985). Effects of storage and pesticide treatments on honey bee brain acetyl cholinesterase activities. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 34, 668-675.
    • (1985) Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , vol.34 , pp. 668-675
    • Westlake, G.E.1    Hardy, A.R.2    Stevenson, J.H.3
  • 50
    • 0342905320 scopus 로고
    • Anticholinesterase poisoning: An overview of pharmacotherapy
    • (B. Ballantyne and T. C. Marrs, Eds.), Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford
    • Willems, J. L., and Belpaire, F. M. (1992). Anticholinesterase poisoning: An overview of pharmacotherapy. In Clinical and Experimental Toxicology of Organophosphates and Carbamates (B. Ballantyne and T. C. Marrs, Eds.), pp. 536-542. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford.
    • (1992) Clinical and Experimental Toxicology of Organophosphates and Carbamates , pp. 536-542
    • Willems, J.L.1    Belpaire, F.M.2
  • 51
    • 0029930604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactivation by various oximes of human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase inhibited by different organophosphorus compounds
    • Worek, F., Kirchner, T., Bäcker, M., and Szinicz, L. (1996). Reactivation by various oximes of human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase inhibited by different organophosphorus compounds. Arch. Toxicol. 70, 497-503.
    • (1996) Arch. Toxicol. , vol.70 , pp. 497-503
    • Worek, F.1    Kirchner, T.2    Bäcker, M.3    Szinicz, L.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.