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of special interest. A brave attempt to grapple with the elusive concept of disparity via the medium of a data matrix of characters states. Perhaps there is a totality of morphospace that can be so pinned-down, if not described, but questions remain: is a minor character, for example "looped gut", really to be taken seriously? And what of convergence, or redundancy of data whereby two or more characters march step-in-step?
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of special interest. A paper worth looking at - but for all the wrong reasons. Special pleading, an elastic concept of the meiofauna, and a credulous attitude to molecular clocks undermine confidence in the conclusions drawn.
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of special interest. A paper which has attracted wide attention. The focus of the argument is on the so-called 'set-aside' cells that can be identified in many ciliated larvae, and from which the adult emerges as a result of a catastrophic metamorphosis and during which time the remainder of the larva is either consumed or discarded. The authors argue that it was the 'invention' of these 'set-aside' cells that ushered in the prospect of large adult animals, an event which is recorded as the Cambrian 'explosion'. There are, however, some difficulties. In particular, it presupposes the planktrophic larval type to be primitive, which is now contested[34,35], rather than being rampantly polyphyletic and convergent [29].
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Peterson KJ, Cameron RA, Davidson EH. Set-aside cells in a maximal indirect development: evolutionary and developmental significance. of special interest Bioessays. 19:1997;623-631 A paper which has attracted wide attention. The focus of the argument is on the so-called 'set-aside' cells that can be identified in many ciliated larvae, and from which the adult emerges as a result of a catastrophic metamorphosis and during which time the remainder of the larva is either consumed or discarded. The authors argue that it was the 'invention' of these 'set-aside' cells that ushered in the prospect of large adult animals, an event which is recorded as the Cambrian 'explosion'. There are, however, some difficulties. In particular, it presupposes the planktrophic larval type to be primitive, which is now contested[34,35], rather than being rampantly polyphyletic and convergent [29].
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of special interest. An important paper that reveals an entirely unexpected set of insights into ancient life. In one case, an effectively complete ontogeny from pre-hatched embryos to adult cnidarian can be traced. In the other, the embryo is probably protostomian and conceivably represents an halkieriid [37]. It is a pity that some of the wider implications of these discoveries [29,37] were not addressed in this initial announcement. In particular the documentation of direct development hints that the planktotrophic stage seen in many metazoans is not a primitive condition.
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Bengtson S, Yue Z. Fossilized metazoan embryos from the earliest Cambrian. of special interest Science. 277:1997;1645-1648 An important paper that reveals an entirely unexpected set of insights into ancient life. In one case, an effectively complete ontogeny from pre-hatched embryos to adult cnidarian can be traced. In the other, the embryo is probably protostomian and conceivably represents an halkieriid [37]. It is a pity that some of the wider implications of these discoveries [29,37] were not addressed in this initial announcement. In particular the documentation of direct development hints that the planktotrophic stage seen in many metazoans is not a primitive condition.
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Science
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0032484945
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Three-dimensional preservation of algae and animal embryos in a Neoproterozoic phosphorite
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of special interest. Although greeted with great excitement, it is important to note that the cleavage patterns of these embryos are rather unusual, at least in comparison with most known metazoans. Also puzzling, and perhaps to be remedied by further collecting, is the absence of embryos beyond the 16 cell stage. Are these embryos really metazoan? Even if they are, it must be remembered that the age of these fossils is Ediacaran (Figure 2), from which geological interval animals are already documented.
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Xiao S, Zhang Y, Knoll AH. Three-dimensional preservation of algae and animal embryos in a Neoproterozoic phosphorite. of special interest Nature. 391:1998;553-558 Although greeted with great excitement, it is important to note that the cleavage patterns of these embryos are rather unusual, at least in comparison with most known metazoans. Also puzzling, and perhaps to be remedied by further collecting, is the absence of embryos beyond the 16 cell stage. Are these embryos really metazoan? Even if they are, it must be remembered that the age of these fossils is Ediacaran (Figure 2), from which geological interval animals are already documented.
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Nature
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of special interest. A highly effective demolition of the molecular clock hypothesis so far as it pertains to a divergence time for major groups of metazoans substantially before the known fossil record [25,27].
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Ayala FJ, Rzhetsky A, Ayala FJ. Origin of the metazoan phyla: molecular clocks confirm paleontological estimates. of special interest Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 95:1998;606-611 A highly effective demolition of the molecular clock hypothesis so far as it pertains to a divergence time for major groups of metazoans substantially before the known fossil record [25,27].
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Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
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Kumar S, Hedges SB. A molecular timescale for vertebrate evolution. Nature. 392:1998;917-920.
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Hedges, S.B.2
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44
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0030621127
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Mass survival of birds across the Cretaceous Tertiary boundary: Molecular evidence
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of outstanding interest. of special interest. One couldn't ask for a clearer exposition of molecular-clock thinking in action. This paper resolutely turns its back on variations in substitution rates, especially during episodes of morphological divergence (and see [46]). The discrepancy with the fossil record is marked, the authors arguing that palaeontologists should now be on the look-out for a host of Cretaceous mammals, including rabbits, primates and aardvarks.
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of outstanding interest Cooper A, Penny D. Mass survival of birds across the Cretaceous Tertiary boundary: molecular evidence. of special interest Science. 275:1997;1109-1113 One couldn't ask for a clearer exposition of molecular-clock thinking in action. This paper resolutely turns its back on variations in substitution rates, especially during episodes of morphological divergence (and see [46]). The discrepancy with the fossil record is marked, the authors arguing that palaeontologists should now be on the look-out for a host of Cretaceous mammals, including rabbits, primates and aardvarks.
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Science
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Cooper, A.1
Penny, D.2
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45
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Fossil gap analysis supports early Tertiary origin of trophically diverse avian orders
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of special interest. Having read [44], now turn to this paper. The conflict between the palaeon-tological data analyzed here and the strident claims made on behalf of the reliability of molecular clocks is out in the open.
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Bleiweiss R. Fossil gap analysis supports early Tertiary origin of trophically diverse avian orders. of special interest Geology. 26:1998;323-326 Having read [44], now turn to this paper. The conflict between the palaeon-tological data analyzed here and the strident claims made on behalf of the reliability of molecular clocks is out in the open.
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(1998)
Geology
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Bleiweiss, R.1
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46
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0030728580
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Correlated rates of molecular and morphological evolution
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of outstanding interest. A paper that questions some hallowed assumptions and, an importantly, argues that the micro-evolutionary neodarwinian framework is a potent way of bringing together population bottlenecks, founder effects and adaptive radiations in the context of accelerated substitution rates.
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Omland KE. Correlated rates of molecular and morphological evolution. of outstanding interest Evolution. 51:1997;1381-1393 A paper that questions some hallowed assumptions and, an importantly, argues that the micro-evolutionary neodarwinian framework is a potent way of bringing together population bottlenecks, founder effects and adaptive radiations in the context of accelerated substitution rates.
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Evolution
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Omland, K.E.1
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47
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0032474921
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A new Early Carboniferous tetrapod with a mélange of crown-group characters
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of special interest. The latest epistle in a series of key papers showing the insights that the fossil record is now revealing into the assembly of vertebrate bodyplans. To be read in conjunction with [48].
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Clack JA. A new Early Carboniferous tetrapod with a mélange of crown-group characters. of special interest Nature. 394:1998;66-69 The latest epistle in a series of key papers showing the insights that the fossil record is now revealing into the assembly of vertebrate bodyplans. To be read in conjunction with [48].
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(1998)
Nature
, vol.394
, pp. 66-69
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Clack, J.A.1
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48
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0032474857
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Evolutionary cut and paste
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of special interest. A wonderfully succinct and hard-hitting commentary on [47], that economically poses some very uncomfortable questions to those wedded to the cladistic orthodoxy.
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Shubin N. Evolutionary cut and paste. of special interest Nature. 394:1998;12-13 A wonderfully succinct and hard-hitting commentary on [47], that economically poses some very uncomfortable questions to those wedded to the cladistic orthodoxy.
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(1998)
Nature
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Shubin, N.1
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49
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0031214079
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Evolution of the entire arthropod Hox gene set predated the origin and radiation of the onychophoran/arthropod clade
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