From efficacy to effectiveness in community mental health services. PRiSM psychosis study 10

British Journal of Psychiatry

Volumn 173, Issue NOV., 1998, Pages 423-427

  Thornicroft, Graham ^a   Wykes, Til ^a   Holloway, Frank ^b   Johnson, Sonia ^c   Szmukler, George ^a  

^a KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b SOUTH LONDON AND MAUDSLEY NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^c ROYAL FREE AND UNIVERSITY COLLEGE MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMMUNITY CARE; EMPLOYMENT; ETHNIC GROUP; FAMILY; HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH CARE NEED; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE; PATIENT SATISFACTION; PSYCHOSIS; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL SUPPORT; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 0031733101     PISSN: 00071250     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1192/bjp.173.5.423     Document Type: Review

References (47)

1. Beck, A., Croudace, T. J., Singh, S., et al (1997) The Nottingham Acute Bed Study: alternatives to acute psychiatric care. British Journal of Psychiatry, 170, 247-252.
2. Becker, T., Thornicroft, G., Leese, M., et al (1997) Social networks and service use among representative cases of psychosis in south London: British Journal of Psychiatry, 171, 15-19.
3. _, Holloway, F., McCrone, P., et al (1998) Evolving service interventions in Nunhead and Norwood. PRiSM Psychosis Study 2. British Journal of Psychiatry, 173, 371-375.
4. Burns, T., Beadsmore, A., Bhat, A. V., et al (1993a) A controlled trial of home-based acute psychiatric services. I: Clinical and social outcome. British Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 49-54.
5. -, Raftery, J., Beadsmore, A., et al (1993b) A controlled trial of home-based acute psychiatric services. II: Treatment patterns and costs. British Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 55-61.
6. Calman, K. & Royston, G. (1997) Risk language and dialects. British Medical Journal, 315, 939-942.
7. Cochrane, A. L. (1972) Effectiveness and Efficiency. Random Reflections on Health Services. London: Nuffield Provincial Hospital Trust.
8. Creed, F., Mbaya, P., Lancashire, S., et al (1997) Cost effectiveness of day and in-patient psychiatric treatment: results of a randomised controlled trial. British Medical Journal, 314, 1381-1385.
9. Davies, S., Thornicroft, G., Leese, M., et al (1996) Ethnic differences in risk of compulsory admission among representative cases of psychosis in London. British Medical Journal, 312, 533-537.
10. Department of Health (1990) The Care Programme Approach for people with a mental illness referred to the specialist psychiatric services. (HC(90)23/ HASSL(90)II.) London: DoH.
11. _ (1994) Mental Illness Key Area Handbook, 2nd edn. London: HMSO.
12. Dixon, L. & Lehman, A. (1995) Family interventions for the treatment of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 21, 631-643.
13. Furedi, F. (1997) Culture of Fear. Risk-Taking and the Morality of Low Expectation. London: Cassell.
14. Goldman, H., Morrissey, J. & Ridgely, S. (1994) Evaluating the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Program on Chronic Mental Illness. The Millbank Quarterly, 72, 37-48.
15. Hoult, J. (1986) Community care of the acutely mentally ill. British Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 137-144.
16. Johnson, S., Prossor, D., Bindman, J., et al (1997a) Continuity of care for the severely mentally ill: concepts and measures. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 32, 137-142.
17. _, Ramsay, R., Thornicroft, G., et al (1997b) London's Mental Health. London: King's Fund.
18. _, Leese, M., Brooks, L., et al (1998) Frequency and predictors of adverse events. PRiSM Psychosis Study 3. British Journal of Psychiatry, 173, 376-384.
19. Kassiṙer, J. P. (1993) Clinical trials and meta-analysis. What do they do for us? New England Journal of Medicine, 327, 273-274.
20. Kemp, R., Hayward, P., Applewhaite, G., et al (1996) Compliance therapy in psychotic patients: a randomized controlled trial. British Medical Journal, 312, 345-349.
21. Kluiter, H. (1997) In-patient treatment and care arrangements to replace or avoid it - searching for an evidence-based balance. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 10, 160-167.
22. Knapp, M. (1995) Community mental health services: towards an understanding of cost-effectiveness. In Community Psychiatry in Action: Analysis and Prospects. (eds F. Creed & P. Tyrer). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
23. Kuhn, T. S. (1962) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
24. Leff, J. (1993) Evaluating the transfer of care from psychiatric hospitals to district-based services. British Journal of Psychiatry, 162 (suppl. 19), 6.
25. Lelliot, P., Audini, B. & Darroch, N (1995) Resolving London's bed crisis: there might be a way, is there the will? Psychiatric Bulletin, 19, 273-275.
26. Light, D. W. (1991) Effectiveness and efficiency under competition: the Cochrane test. British Medical Journal, 303, 1253-1254.
27. McCrone, P., Thornicroft, G., Phelan, M., et al (1998) Utilisation and costs of community mental health services. PRiSM Psychosis Study 5. British Journal of Psychiatry, 173, 391-398.
28. McNaught, A. S., Jeffreys, S. E., Harvey, C. A., et al (1997) The Hampstead schizophrenia survey 1991. II: Incidence and migration in inner London. British Journal of Psychiatry, 170, 307-311.
29. Mari, J. & Streiner, D. (1996) Family Interventions for those with Schizophrenia. The Cochrane Library. London: BMJ Publications.
30. Marshall, M. (1996) Case Management for People with Severe Mental Disorders. The Cochrane Library. London: BMJ Publications.
31. Martin, L. (1984) Hospitals in Trouble. Oxford: Blackwell.
32. Mueser, K., Bond, G., Drake, R., et al (1998) Models of community care for severe mental illness: A review of research on case management. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 24, 37-74.
33. Muijen, M., Marks, I. M., Connolly, J., et al (1992) The Daily Living Programme: Preliminary comparison of community versus hospital-based treatment for the seriously mentally ill facing emergency admission. British Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 379-384.
34. Parkman, S., Davies, S., Leese, M., et al (1997) Ethnic differences in satisfaction with mental health services among representative people with psychosis in South London: PRiSM Study 4. British Journal of Psychiatry, 171, 260-264.
35. Sackett, D., Rosenberg, W., Muir Cray, J., et al (1976) Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn't. British Medical Journal, 312, 71-72.
36. Sartorius, N., Jablensky, A., Korten, A., et al (1986) Early manifestations and first-contact incidence of schizophrenia in different cultures. Psychological Medicine, 16, 909-928.
37. Sayce, L., Craig, T. K. J. & Boardman, A. P. (1991) The development of Community Mental Health Centres in the United Kingdom. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 26, 14-20.
38. Sledge, W., Tebes, J., Rakfeldt, J., et al (1996) Day hospital/crisis respite care inpatient care: part I - clinical outcomes. American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 1065-1073.
39. Stein, L. I. & Test, M. A. (1980) Alternative to mental hospital treatment. Archives of General Psychiatry 37, 392-397.
40. Sytema, S., Micciolo, R. & Tansella, M. (1997) Continuity of care for patients with schizophrenia and related disorders: a comparative South-Verona and Groningen case register study. Psychological Medicine, 27, 1355-1362.
41. Tansella, M. & Thornicroft, G. (1998) A conceptual framework for mental health services: the Matrix Model. Psychological Medicine, 28, 503-508.
42. Thornicroft, G., Strathdee, G., Phelan, M., et al (1998) Rationale and design. PRiSM Psychosis Study I. British Journal of Psychiatry, 173, 363-370.
43. Tyrer, P., Morgan, J., Van Horn, E., et al (1995) A randomised controlled study of close monitoring of vulnerable psychiatric patients. Lancet, 345, 756-759.
44. Warner, R. (1994) Recovery from Schizophrenia. London: Routledge.
45. Warr, P. (1987) Work, Unemployment and Mental Health. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
46. Wing, J. (ed.) (1989) Health Services Planning and Research. Contributions from Psychiatric Case Registers. London: Gaskell.
47. Wykes, T., Leese, M., Taylor, R., et al (1998) Effects of community services on disability and symptoms. PRiSM Psychosis Study 4. British Journal of Psychiatry, 173, 385-390.