Physical modelling and human survival in pyroclastic flows

Natural Hazards

Volumn 17, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 163-176

  Baxter, P J ^a   Neri, A ^b,c   Todesco, M ^b,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^b CNR   (Italy)

^c Illinois Institute of Technology   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF PISA   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NATURAL HAZARD; PYROCLASTIC FLOW; SURVIVAL; VOLCANIC ERUPTION;

EID: 0031733049     PISSN: 0921030X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1008031004183     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Anderson, T. and Flett, J. S.: 1903, Report on the eruption of The Soufriere in St. Vincent 1902 and on a visit to Montagne Pelée in Martinique, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London 100, 353-553 Series A.
2. Baxter, P. J., Ing, R., Falk, H., French, J., Stein, G. F., Bernstein, R. S., Merchant, J. A. and Allard, J.: 1981, Mount St. Helens Eruptions, May 18 to June 12, 1980. An overview of the acute health impact, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 246, 2585-2589.
3. Baxter, P. J.: 1990, Medical effects of volcanic eruptions. 1. Main causes of death and injury, Bull. Volcanol. 52, 532-544.
4. Bernstein, R. S., Baxter, P. J., Falk, H., Ing, R., Foster, L. and Frost, F: 1986, Immediate public health concerns and actions in volcanic eruptions: lessons from the Mount St. Helens eruptions May 18-October 18, 1980, in A. S. Buist and R. S. Bernstein (eds), Health Effects of Volcanoes: an Approach to Evaluating the Health Effects of an Environmental Hazard, suppl. Amer. J. Public Health 76, 25-37.
5. Buettner, K.: 1950, Effects of extreme heat in man, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 144, 732-738.
6. Bull, J. P.: 1971, Revised analysis of mortality due to burns, Lancet 2, 1133-1134.
7. Carey, S., Sigurdsson, H., Mandeville, C. and Bronto, S.: 1996, Bull. Volcanol. 57, 493-511.
8. Clark, C. J., Reid, W. H., Gilmour, W. H. and Campbell, D.: 1986, Mortality probability in victims of fire trauma: revised equation to include inhalation injury, BMJ 292, 1303-1305.
9. Desaga, H.: 1950, Experimental investigation of the action of dust, in German Aviation Medicine World War II, US Govt Printing Office, Dept. of Air Force, Washington DC, Vol 2, pp. 1188-1203.
10. Ding, J. and Gidaspow, D.: 1990, A bubbling fluidization model using kinetic theory of granular flows, AIChE J. 36, 523-538.
11. Dobran, F., Neri, A. and Macedonio, G.: 1993, Numerical simulation of collapsing volcanic columns, J. Geophys. Res. 98, 4231-4259.
12. Dobran, F., Neri. A. and Todesco M.: 1994, Assessing the pyroclastic flow hazard at Vesuvius, Nature 367, 551-554.
13. Eisele, J. W., O'Halloran, R. L., Reay, D. T., Lindhock, G. R., Lewman, L. V. and Brady, W. J.: 1981, Deaths during the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens, New Eng. J. Med. 305, 931-936.
14. Fisher, R. V: 1979, Models of pyroclastic surges and pyroclastic flows, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 6, 305-318.
15. Fisher, R. V. and Schmincke, H. V: 1984, Pyroclastic Rocks, Springer Verlag, New York.
16. Hodkinson J. R.: 1996, The optical measurement of aerosol, in C. N. Davies (ed.), Aerosol Science, Academic Press, London, pp. 287-295.
17. Horn, M.: 1989, DANIEL: a computer code for high speed dusty gas with multiple particle sizes, Report LA-11445-MS, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos New Mexico.
18. Johnson, R. W. and Threlfall, N. A.: 1985, Volcano Town. The 1937-43 Rabaul Eruptions, Robert Brown & Assoc., Bathurst.
19. Killick, E. M. J.: 1932, Physiological response to breathing hot air, J. Hygiene 32, 332-339.
20. Kobayashi, K., Hirano, A., Murakami, R., Yamamoto, M., Shidayama, R., Fujimoto, H., Iio, Y., Fujii, T., Haseba, S. and Sakito, T.: 1993, Japanese J. Burn Injury 19, 226-235, (in Japanese).
21. Lacroix, A.: 1904, La Montagne Pelée et ses Eruptions, Masson, Paris.
22. Lawrence, J. C. and Bull, J. P.: 1976, Thermal conditions which cause skin burns, Engineering in Medicine 5, 61-63.
23. Neri, A. and Dobran, F.: 1994, Influence of eruption parameters on the thermofluid dynamics of collapsing volcanic columns, J. Geophys. Res. 99, 11833-11857.
24. Neri, A. and Macedonio, G.: 1996a, Numerical simulation of collapsing volcanic columns with particles of two sizes, J. Geophys. Res. 101, 8153-8174.
25. Neri, A. and Macedonio, G.: 1996b, Physical modeling of collapsing volcanic columns and pyroclastic flows, in R. Tilling and R. Scarpa (eds), Monitoring and Mitigation of Volcano Hazards, Springer, Amsterdam, pp. 389-427.
26. Nuovo Colombo: 1990, Carichi nelle Costruzioni, Manuale dell'Ingegnere, Hoepli ed., Milan, pp. E22-E32.
27. Papale, P. and Dobran, F.: 1993, Modeling of the ascent of magma during the plinian eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 58, 101-132.
28. Parshley, P. F., Kiessling, P. J., Antonius, J. A., Connell, R. S., Miller, S. H. and Green, F. H. Y.: 1982, Pyroclastic flow injury. Mount St. Helens, May 18, 1980, Am. J. Surg. 143, 565-568.
29. Purser, D. A.: 1995, Section 2 in SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, 2nd edn, pp. 85-146, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy MA.
30. Quality of Urban Air Review Group: 1996, Airborne Particulate Matter in the United Kingdom, University of Birmingham, Birmingham.
31. Rose, W. I., Chuan, R. L., Cadge, R. D. and Woods, D. C.: 1980, Small particles in volcanic eruption clouds, Am. J. Science 280, 671-696.
32. Rosenbaum, J. G. and Waitt, R. B.: 1981, The 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens, Washington. Summary of eye witness accounts of the May 18 eruption, in P. W. Lipman and D. R. Mullineaux, The 1980 Eruptions of Mount St. Helens, Washington, US Govt Printing Office, Washington DC.
33. Rosi, M., Principe, C. and Vecci, R.: 1993, The 1631 Vesuvian eruption: a reconstruction based on historical and stratigraphical data, J. Volcanol Geotherm. Res. 58, 151-182.
34. Rosi, M.: 1996, Quantitative reconstruction of recent volcanic activity: a contribution to forecasting of future eruptions, in R. Tilling and R. Scarpa (eds), Monitoring and Mitigation of Volcano Hazards, Springer, Amsterdam, pp. 631-674.
35. Santacroce, R.: 1983, A general model for the behavior of the Somma-Vesuvius volcanic complex, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 17, 237-248.
36. Seaton, A., MacNee, W., Donaldson, K. and Godden, D.: 1995, Particulate air pollution and acute health effects, Lancet 345, 176-178.
37. Shimabara Onsen Hospital. Volcanic Disaster of Shimabara in 1991, Hospital Report (undated), (in japanese).
38. Sparks, R. S. J.: 1976, Grain size variations in ignimbrites and applications for the transport of pyroclastic flows, Sedimentology 23, 147-188.
39. Taylor, G. A. M.: 1958, The 1951 Eruption of Mount Lamington, Papua, Australian Dept of National Developments, Canberra, Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bull. No. 38.
40. Tilling, R. I. and Lipman, P. W.: 1993, Lessons in reducing volcanic risks, Nature 364, 277-280.
41. Valentine, G. A and Wohletz, K. H.:, 1989, Enviromental hazards of pyroclastic flows determined by numerical models, Geology 17, 641-644.
42. Walker, G. P. L.: 1981, Generation and dispersal of fine ash and dust by volcanic eruptions, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 11, 81-92.
43. Will, J.: 1903, Report on Medical Relief Expedition to Martinique and St. Vincent in Aid of the Sufferers from Volcanic Eruptions, May 1902, HMSO, London.
44. Worcester, D. C.: 1912, Taal volcano and its recent destructive eruption, Nat. Geogr. Mag. 23, 313-367.