Representation is representation of similarities

Behavioral and Brain Sciences

Volumn 21, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 449-498

  Edelman, Shimon ^a,b  

^a MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Affordance; Categorization; Constancy; Distal proximal stimulus; Features; Invariance; Isomorphism; Mental models; Perception; Representation; Similarity; Visual shape recognition

Indexed keywords

MOTIVATION; NEUROBIOLOGY; PERCEPTION; PREDICTION; REVIEW; STIMULUS RESPONSE;

COGNITION; HUMANS; MENTAL PROCESSES; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; VISUAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 0031731695     PISSN: 0140525X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X98001253     Document Type: Review

References (355)

1. Abbott, L. F., Rolls, E. T. & Tovée, M. J. (1996) Representational capacity of face coding in monkeys. Cerebral Cortex 6:498-505. [MJT]
2. Abeles, M. (1981) Corticonics. Cambridge University Press. [NI]
3. Albright, T. D. (1991) Motion perception and the mind-body problem. Current Biology 1:391-93. [aSE]
4. Aloimonos, J. Y. (1990) Purposive and qualitative vision. In: Proceeding of the AAAI-90 Workshop on Qualitative Vision. Morgan Kaufmann. [aSE]
5. Anderson, C. H. & Van Essen, D. C. (1987) Shifter circuits: A computational strategy for dynamic aspects of visual processing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 84:6297-301. [aSE]
6. Anderson, J. R. (1978) Arguments concerning representations for mental imagery. Psychological Review 85:249-77. [rSE, MJ]
7. Arlington, K. F. (1994) The temporal dynamics of brightness filling-in. Vision Research 34:3371-87. [SG]
8. Bajcsy, R. (1988) Active perception. Proceedings of IEEE 76(8):996-1005. [aSE]
9. Barlow, H. B. (1959) Sensory mechanisms, the reduction of redundancy, and intelligence. In: The mechanisation of thought processes,. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. [rSE, PF] (1972) Single units and sensation. Perception 1:371-94. [PF] (1979) The past, present and future of feature detectors. In: Recognition of pattern and form, ed. D. Albrecht. Lecture Notes in Biomathematics, vol. 44. Springer. [aSE] (1989) Unsupervised learning. Neural Computation 1:295-311. [PF] (1990) Conditions for versatile learning, Helmholtz's unconscious inference, and the task of perception. Vision Research 30:1561-71. [aSE] (1994) What is the computational goal of the neocortex? In: Large-scale neuronal theories of the brain, ed. C. Koch & J. L. Davis. MIT Press. [aSE]
10. Barlow, H. B. (1959) Sensory mechanisms, the reduction of redundancy, and intelligence. In: The mechanisation of thought processes,. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. [rSE, PF] (1972) Single units and sensation. Perception 1:371-94. [PF] (1979) The past, present and future of feature detectors. In: Recognition of pattern and form, ed. D. Albrecht. Lecture Notes in Biomathematics, vol. 44. Springer. [aSE] (1989) Unsupervised learning. Neural Computation 1:295-311. [PF] (1990) Conditions for versatile learning, Helmholtz's unconscious inference, and the task of perception. Vision Research 30:1561-71. [aSE] (1994) What is the computational goal of the neocortex? In: Large-scale neuronal theories of the brain, ed. C. Koch & J. L. Davis. MIT Press. [aSE]
11. Barlow, H. B. (1959) Sensory mechanisms, the reduction of redundancy, and intelligence. In: The mechanisation of thought processes,. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. [rSE, PF] (1972) Single units and sensation. Perception 1:371-94. [PF] (1979) The past, present and future of feature detectors. In: Recognition of pattern and form, ed. D. Albrecht. Lecture Notes in Biomathematics, vol. 44. Springer. [aSE] (1989) Unsupervised learning. Neural Computation 1:295-311. [PF] (1990) Conditions for versatile learning, Helmholtz's unconscious inference, and the task of perception. Vision Research 30:1561-71. [aSE] (1994) What is the computational goal of the neocortex? In: Large-scale neuronal theories of the brain, ed. C. Koch & J. L. Davis. MIT Press. [aSE]
12. Barlow, H. B. (1959) Sensory mechanisms, the reduction of redundancy, and intelligence. In: The mechanisation of thought processes,. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. [rSE, PF] (1972) Single units and sensation. Perception 1:371-94. [PF] (1979) The past, present and future of feature detectors. In: Recognition of pattern and form, ed. D. Albrecht. Lecture Notes in Biomathematics, vol. 44. Springer. [aSE] (1989) Unsupervised learning. Neural Computation 1:295-311. [PF] (1990) Conditions for versatile learning, Helmholtz's unconscious inference, and the task of perception. Vision Research 30:1561-71. [aSE] (1994) What is the computational goal of the neocortex? In: Large-scale neuronal theories of the brain, ed. C. Koch & J. L. Davis. MIT Press. [aSE]
13. Barlow, H. B. (1959) Sensory mechanisms, the reduction of redundancy, and intelligence. In: The mechanisation of thought processes,. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. [rSE, PF] (1972) Single units and sensation. Perception 1:371-94. [PF] (1979) The past, present and future of feature detectors. In: Recognition of pattern and form, ed. D. Albrecht. Lecture Notes in Biomathematics, vol. 44. Springer. [aSE] (1989) Unsupervised learning. Neural Computation 1:295-311. [PF] (1990) Conditions for versatile learning, Helmholtz's unconscious inference, and the task of perception. Vision Research 30:1561-71. [aSE] (1994) What is the computational goal of the neocortex? In: Large-scale neuronal theories of the brain, ed. C. Koch & J. L. Davis. MIT Press. [aSE]
14. Barlow, H. B. (1959) Sensory mechanisms, the reduction of redundancy, and intelligence. In: The mechanisation of thought processes,. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. [rSE, PF] (1972) Single units and sensation. Perception 1:371-94. [PF] (1979) The past, present and future of feature detectors. In: Recognition of pattern and form, ed. D. Albrecht. Lecture Notes in Biomathematics, vol. 44. Springer. [aSE] (1989) Unsupervised learning. Neural Computation 1:295-311. [PF] (1990) Conditions for versatile learning, Helmholtz's unconscious inference, and the task of perception. Vision Research 30:1561-71. [aSE] (1994) What is the computational goal of the neocortex? In: Large-scale neuronal theories of the brain, ed. C. Koch & J. L. Davis. MIT Press. [aSE]
15. Barsalou, L. W. (1997) Perceptual symbol systems. (submitted). [rSE]
16. Bartlett, F. C. (1932) Remembering: An experimental and social study. Cambridge University Press. [aSE]
17. Baxter, J. (1995) The canonical metric for vector quantization. NeuroCOLT NCTR-95-047. University of London. [aSE]
18. Bell, A. J. (1996) Learning the higher-order structure of a natural sound. Network: Computation in Neural Systems 7:889-904. [HE]
19. Berkeley, G. (1710/1965) The principles of human knowledge. In: Berkeley's philosophical writings, ed. D. Armstrong. Collier-Macmillan. [CL] (1710/1996) A treatise concerning the principles of human knowledge. Oxford University Press. [aSE]
20. Berkeley, G. (1710/1965) The principles of human knowledge. In: Berkeley's philosophical writings, ed. D. Armstrong. Collier-Macmillan. [CL] (1710/1996) A treatise concerning the principles of human knowledge. Oxford University Press. [aSE]
21. Beymer, D. & Poggio, T. (1996) Image representations for visual learning. Science 272:1905-1909. [aSE]
22. Biederman, I. (1987) Recognition by components: A theory of human image understanding. Psychological Review 94:115-47. [arSE, ABM, EP]
23. Biederman, I. & Cooper, E. E. (1991) Evidence for complete translational and reflectional invariance in visual object priming. Perception 20:585-93. [rSE, EP]
24. Biederman, I., Mezzanotte, R. J. & Rabinowitz, J. C. (1982) Scene perception: Detecting and judging objects undergoing relational violations. Cognitive Psychology 14:143-77. [aSE]
25. Biederman, I., Rabinowitz, J. C., Glass, A. L. & Stacy, E. W. (1974) On the information extracted from a glance at a scene. Journal of Experimental Psychology 103:597-600. [aSE]
26. Bienenstock, E. & Geman, S. (1995) Compositionality in neural systems. In: The handbook of brain theory and neural networks, ed. M. A. Arbib. MIT Press. [aSE]
27. Blackmore, S. J., Brelstaff, G., Nelson, K. & Troscianko, T. (1995) Is the richness of our visual world an illusion? Transsaccadic memory for complex scenes. Perception 24:1075-81. [aSE]
28. Bookstein, F. L. (1991) Morphometric tools for landmark data: Geometry and biology. Cambridge University Press. [aSE] (1996) Biometrics, biomathematics and the morphometric synthesis. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 58:313-65. [rSE]
29. Bookstein, F. L. (1991) Morphometric tools for landmark data: Geometry and biology. Cambridge University Press. [aSE] (1996) Biometrics, biomathematics and the morphometric synthesis. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 58:313-65. [rSE]
30. Bonmasser, G. & Schwartz, E. (1997a) Lie groups, space-variant Fourier analysis and the exponential chirp transform. In: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 96, vol. 3. [GB, rSE] (1997b) Space-variant Fourier analysis: The exponential chirp transform. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Vision 19:1080-89. [GB]
31. Bonmasser, G. & Schwartz, E. (1997a) Lie groups, space-variant Fourier analysis and the exponential chirp transform. In: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 96, vol. 3. [GB, rSE] (1997b) Space-variant Fourier analysis: The exponential chirp transform. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Vision 19:1080-89. [GB]
32. Borg, I. & Lingoes, J. (1987) Multidimensional similarity structure analysis. Springer. [arSE]
33. Borges, J. L. (1981) The analytical language of John Wilkins. In: Borges: A reader, ed. E. R. Monegal & A. Reid. Dutton. [rSE]
34. Boselie, F. (1983) Ambiguity, beauty, and interestingness of line drawings. Canadian Journal of Psychology 37:287-92. [CvL]
35. Boselie, F. & Leeuwenberg, E. (1985) Birkoff revisited: Beauty as a function of effect and means. American Journal of Psychology 98:1-39. [CvL]
36. Bourgain, J. (1985) On Lipschitz embedding of finite metric spaces in Hilbert space. Israel Journal of Mathematics 52:46-52. [aSE]
37. Bowers, J. S. (1996) Different percpetual codes support priming for words and pseudowords: Was Morton right all along? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 22:1336-53. [DRA]
38. Bradski, G. & Grossberg, S. (1995) Fast-learning VIEWNET architectures for recognizing three dimensional objects from multiple two-dimensional views. Neural Networks 8:1053-80. [rSE, SG]
39. Brigham, J. C. (1986) The influence of race on face recognition. In: Aspects of face processing, ed. H. D. Ellis, M. A. Jeeves & F. Newcombe. Martinus Nijhoff. [aSE]
40. Brooks, R. A. (1991) Intelligence without representation. Artificial Intelligence 47:139-60. [rSE]
41. Bülthoff, H. H. & Edelman, S. (1992) Psychophysical support for a 2-D view interpolation theory of object recognition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 89:60-64. [arSE, GP]
42. Caelli, T. & Bischof, W. (1996) Machine learning paradigms for pattern recognition and image understanding. Spatial Vision 10:87-103. [MJ]
43. Caelli, T. & Dreier, A. (1994) Variations on the evidence-based object recognition theme. Pattern Recognition 27:185-204. [MJ]
44. Carne, T. K. (1990) The geometry of shape spaces. Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society 61:407-32. [arSE]
45. Carpenter, G. A. (1996) Distributed activation, search, and learning by ART and ARTMAP neural networks. Proceedings of the International Conference on Neural Networks: Plenary, Panel and Special Sessions, IEEE. [SG]
46. Carpenter, G. A. & Grossberg, S. (1987) A massively parallel architecture for a self-organizing neural pattern recognition machine. Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing 37:54-115. [JRW] (1991) Pattern recognition by self-organizing neural networks. MIT Press. [SG]
47. Carpenter, G. A. & Grossberg, S. (1987) A massively parallel architecture for a self-organizing neural pattern recognition machine. Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing 37:54-115. [JRW] (1991) Pattern recognition by self-organizing neural networks. MIT Press. [SG]
48. Carpenter, G. A., Grossberg, S., Markuzon, N., Reynolds, J. H. & Rosen, D. B. (1992) Fuzzy ARTMAP: A neural network architecture for incremental supervised learning of analog multidimensional maps. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 3:698-713. [aSE]
49. Carpenter, G. A., Grossberg, S. & Rosen, D. B. (1991) Fuzzy ART: An adaptive resonance algorithm for rapid stable classification of analog patterns. In: Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks 411-16. [aSE]
50. Carpenter, G. A. & Ross, W. D. (1995) ART-EMAP: A neural network architecture of object recognition by evidence accumulation. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 6:805-18. [SG]
51. Cassirer, E. (1966) On the theory of the formation of concepts. In: Pattern recognition: Theory, experiment, computer simulations and dynamic models of form perception and discovery, ed. L. Uhr. Wiley. [CL]
52. Cavanagh, P. (1995) Vision is getting easier every day. Perception 24:1227-32. [aSE]
53. Chambers, D. & Reisberg, D. (1985) Can mental images be ambiguous? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 11:317-28. [CvL]
54. Chey J., Grossberg, S. & Mingolla, E. (1997) Neural dynamics of motion grouping: From aperture ambiguity to object speed and direction. Journal of the Optical Society of America A 14:2570-94. [SG]
55. Clark, A. (1993) Sensory qualities. Clarendon Press. [aSE, JvB]
56. Cohen, M. A. & Grossberg, S. (1986) Neural dynamics of speech and language coding: Developmental programs, perceptual grouping, and competition for short tenu memory. Human Neurobiology 5:1-22. [SG]
57. Cohen, M. S., Kosslyn, S. M., Breiter, H. C., DiGirolamo, G. J., Thompson, W. L., Anderson, A. K., Bookheimer, S. Y., Rosen, B. R. & Belliveau, J. W. (1996) Changes in cortical activity during mental rotation. A mapping study using functional MRI. Brain 19:89-100. [rSE, RAMG]
58. Cohn, H. (1967) Conformal mappings on Riemann surfaces. McGraw-Hill. [aSE]
59. Cortes, C. & Vapnik, V. (1995) Support-vector networks. Machine Learning 20:273-97. [aSE]
60. Cortese, J. M. & Dyre, B. P. (1996) Perceptual similarity of shapes generated from Fourier descriptors. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 22:133-43. [aSE]
61. Cummins, R. (1989) Meaning and mental representation. MIT Press. [arSE] (1996) Representations, targets, and attitudes. MIT Press. [aSE]
62. Cummins, R. (1989) Meaning and mental representation. MIT Press. [arSE] (1996) Representations, targets, and attitudes. MIT Press. [aSE]
63. Cutzu, F. & Edelman, S. (1996) Faithful representation of similarities among three-dimensional shapes in human vision. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 93:12046-50. [arSE, MJ] (1998) Representation of object similarity in human vision: Psychophysics and a computational model. Vision Research. (in press). [aSE]
64. Cutzu, F. & Edelman, S. (1996) Faithful representation of similarities among three-dimensional shapes in human vision. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 93:12046-50. [arSE, MJ] (1998) Representation of object similarity in human vision: Psychophysics and a computational model. Vision Research. (in press). [aSE]
65. Dayan, P., Hinton, G. E. & Neal, R. M. (1995) The Helmholtz machine. Neural Computation 7:889-904. [aSE, PF]
66. Dennett, D. C. (1991) Consciousness explained. Little, Brown & Company. [aSE]
67. Dill, M. & Edelman, S. (1997) Translation invariance in object recognition, and its relation to other visual transformations. Artificial Intelligence, Memo No. 1610. Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. [rSE]
68. Dow, B., Vautin, R. G. & Bauer, R. (1985) The mapping of visual space onto foveal striate cortex in the macaque monkey. Journal of Neuroscience 5:890-902. [GB]
69. Dretske, F. (1981) Knowledge and the flow of information. MIT Press. [aSE]
70. Duvdevani-Bar, S., Edelman, S., Howell, A. J. & Buxton, H. (1998) A similarity-based method for the generalization of face recognition over pose and expression. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Face and Gesture Recognition (FG98), Washington, D. C., ed. S. Akamatsu & K. Mase. IEEE. (in press). [rSE]
71. Edelman, S. (1994) Biological constraints and the representation of structure in vision and language. Psycoloquy 5(57). [arSE] (1995a) Representation of similarity in 3D object discrimination. Neural Computation 7:407-22. [aSE] (1995b) Representation, similarity, and the Chorus of prototypes. Minds and Machines 5:45-68. [arSE] (1997) Computational theories of object recognition. Trends in Cognitive Science 1:296-304. [rSE] (1998) Vision reanimated. In: Proceedings of the 7th Rosenön Workshop on Computer Vision, ed. Y. Aloimonos, S. Carlsson & J.-O. Eklundh. L. Erlbaum (in press). [aSE]
72. Edelman, S. (1994) Biological constraints and the representation of structure in vision and language. Psycoloquy 5(57). [arSE] (1995a) Representation of similarity in 3D object discrimination. Neural Computation 7:407-22. [aSE] (1995b) Representation, similarity, and the Chorus of prototypes. Minds and Machines 5:45-68. [arSE] (1997) Computational theories of object recognition. Trends in Cognitive Science 1:296-304. [rSE] (1998) Vision reanimated. In: Proceedings of the 7th Rosenön Workshop on Computer Vision, ed. Y. Aloimonos, S. Carlsson & J.-O. Eklundh. L. Erlbaum (in press). [aSE]
73. Edelman, S. (1994) Biological constraints and the representation of structure in vision and language. Psycoloquy 5(57). [arSE] (1995a) Representation of similarity in 3D object discrimination. Neural Computation 7:407-22. [aSE] (1995b) Representation, similarity, and the Chorus of prototypes. Minds and Machines 5:45-68. [arSE] (1997) Computational theories of object recognition. Trends in Cognitive Science 1:296-304. [rSE] (1998) Vision reanimated. In: Proceedings of the 7th Rosenön Workshop on Computer Vision, ed. Y. Aloimonos, S. Carlsson & J.-O. Eklundh. L. Erlbaum (in press). [aSE]
74. Edelman, S. (1994) Biological constraints and the representation of structure in vision and language. Psycoloquy 5(57). [arSE] (1995a) Representation of similarity in 3D object discrimination. Neural Computation 7:407-22. [aSE] (1995b) Representation, similarity, and the Chorus of prototypes. Minds and Machines 5:45-68. [arSE] (1997) Computational theories of object recognition. Trends in Cognitive Science 1:296-304. [rSE] (1998) Vision reanimated. In: Proceedings of the 7th Rosenön Workshop on Computer Vision, ed. Y. Aloimonos, S. Carlsson & J.-O. Eklundh. L. Erlbaum (in press). [aSE]
75. Edelman, S. (1994) Biological constraints and the representation of structure in vision and language. Psycoloquy 5(57). [arSE] (1995a) Representation of similarity in 3D object discrimination. Neural Computation 7:407-22. [aSE] (1995b) Representation, similarity, and the Chorus of prototypes. Minds and Machines 5:45-68. [arSE] (1997) Computational theories of object recognition. Trends in Cognitive Science 1:296-304. [rSE] (1998) Vision reanimated. In: Proceedings of the 7th Rosenön Workshop on Computer Vision, ed. Y. Aloimonos, S. Carlsson & J.-O. Eklundh. L. Erlbaum (in press). [aSE]
76. (forthcoming) Representation and recognition in vision. MIT Press. [rSE]
77. Edelman, S., Bülthoff, H. H. & Bülthoff, I. (1996) Features of the representation space for 3D objects. MPIK-TR 40. Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics. [aSE]
78. Edelman, S. & Duvdevani-Bar, S. (1997a) A model of visual recognition and categorization. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (B) 352(1358):1191-202. [arSE] (1997b) Similarity, connectionism, and the problem of representation in vision. Neural Computation 9:701-20. [aSE] (1997c) Similarity-based viewspace interpolation and the categorization of 3D objects. In: Proceedings of the Similarity and Categorization Workshop, 75-81. Department of Artificial Intelligence, University of Edinburgh. (1997d) Visual recognition and categorization on the basis of similarities to multiple class prototypes. Artificial Intelligence Memo No. 1615, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. [rSE]
79. Edelman, S. & Duvdevani-Bar, S. (1997a) A model of visual recognition and categorization. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (B) 352(1358):1191-202. [arSE] (1997b) Similarity, connectionism, and the problem of representation in vision. Neural Computation 9:701-20. [aSE] (1997c) Similarity-based viewspace interpolation and the categorization of 3D objects. In: Proceedings of the Similarity and Categorization Workshop, 75-81. Department of Artificial Intelligence, University of Edinburgh. (1997d) Visual recognition and categorization on the basis of similarities to multiple class prototypes. Artificial Intelligence Memo No. 1615, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. [rSE]
80. Edelman, S. & Duvdevani-Bar, S. (1997a) A model of visual recognition and categorization. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (B) 352(1358):1191-202. [arSE] (1997b) Similarity, connectionism, and the problem of representation in vision. Neural Computation 9:701-20. [aSE] (1997c) Similarity-based viewspace interpolation and the categorization of 3D objects. In: Proceedings of the Similarity and Categorization Workshop, 75-81. Department of Artificial Intelligence, University of Edinburgh. (1997d) Visual recognition and categorization on the basis of similarities to multiple class prototypes. Artificial Intelligence Memo No. 1615, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. [rSE]
81. Edelman, S. & Duvdevani-Bar, S. (1997a) A model of visual recognition and categorization. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (B) 352(1358):1191-202. [arSE] (1997b) Similarity, connectionism, and the problem of representation in vision. Neural Computation 9:701-20. [aSE] (1997c) Similarity-based viewspace interpolation and the categorization of 3D objects. In: Proceedings of the Similarity and Categorization Workshop, 75-81. Department of Artificial Intelligence, University of Edinburgh. (1997d) Visual recognition and categorization on the basis of similarities to multiple class prototypes. Artificial Intelligence Memo No. 1615, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. [rSE]
82. Edelman, S. & Intrator, N. (1997) Learning as extraction of low-dimensional representations. In: Mechanisms of perceptual learning, ed. D. Medin, R. Goldstone & P. Schyns. Academic Press (in press). [aSE]
83. Edelman, S. & Poggio, T. (1992) Bringing the grandmother back into the picture: A memory-based view of object recognition. International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 6:37-61. [JRW]
84. Edelman, S. & Weinshall, D. (1991) A self-organizing multiple-view representation of 3D objects. Biological Cybernetics 64:209-19. [arSE] (1998) Computational approaches to shape constancy. In: Perceptual constancies: Why things look as they do, ed. V. Walsh & J. Kulikowski. Cambridge University Press (in press). [aSE]
85. Edelman, S. & Weinshall, D. (1991) A self-organizing multiple-view representation of 3D objects. Biological Cybernetics 64:209-19. [arSE] (1998) Computational approaches to shape constancy. In: Perceptual constancies: Why things look as they do, ed. V. Walsh & J. Kulikowski. Cambridge University Press (in press). [aSE]
86. Eisler. H. (1960) Similarity in the continuum of heaviness with some methodological and theoretical considerations, Scandinavians Journal of Psychology 1:69-81. [HE] (1982) On the nature of subjective scales. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 23:161-71. [HE]
87. Eisler. H. (1960) Similarity in the continuum of heaviness with some methodological and theoretical considerations, Scandinavians Journal of Psychology 1:69-81. [HE] (1982) On the nature of subjective scales. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 23:161-71. [HE]
88. Eisler, H. & Edberg, G. (1982) The visual perception of texture: A psychological investigation of an architectural problem. In: Social attitudes and psychological measurement, ed. B. Wegener. Erlbaum. [HE]
89. Eisler, H. & Lindman, R. (1990) Representations of dimensional models of similarity. In: Psychophysical explorations of mental structures, ed. H.-G. Geissler. Hogrefe & Huber. [HE]
90. Eisler, H. & Roskam, E. E. (1977a) Multidimensional similarity: An experimental and theoretical comparison of vector, distance, and set theoretical models. I. Models and internal consistency of data. Acta Psychologica 41:1-46. [HE] (1977b) Multidimensional similarity: An experimental and theoretical comparison of vector, distance, and set theoretical models. II. Multidimensional analyses: The subjective space. Acta Psychologica 41:335-63. [HE]
91. Eisler, H. & Roskam, E. E. (1977a) Multidimensional similarity: An experimental and theoretical comparison of vector, distance, and set theoretical models. I. Models and internal consistency of data. Acta Psychologica 41:1-46. [HE] (1977b) Multidimensional similarity: An experimental and theoretical comparison of vector, distance, and set theoretical models. II. Multidimensional analyses: The subjective space. Acta Psychologica 41:335-63. [HE]
92. Efron, B. & Tibshirani, R. (1993) An introduction to the bootstrap. Chapman and Hall. [aSE]
93. Ekman, G. & Lindman, R. (1961) Multidimensional ratio scaling and multidimensional similarity. Reports from the Psychological Laboratories, University of Stockholm 103. (aSE]
94. Farah, M. J. (1994) Specialization within visual object recognition: Clues from prosopagnosia and alexia. In: The neuropsychology of high-level vision, ed. M. J. Farah & G. Ratcliff. Erlbaum. [J-OE]
95. Field, D. J. (1994) What is the goal of sensory coding? Neural Computation 6:559-601. [PF]
96. Finke, R. A. (1990) Creative imagery: Discoveries and inventions in visualization. Erlbaum. [CvL]
97. Fiser, J., Biederman, I. & Cooper, E. E. (1996) To what extent can matching algorithms based on direct outputs of spatial filters account for human shape recognition? Spatial Vision 10:237-71. [EP]
98. Flynn, P. & Jain, A. K. (1993) Three-dimensional object recognition. In: Handbook of pattern recognition and image processing, vol. 2: Computer vision, ed. T. Young. Academic Press. [MJ]
99. Fodor, J. A. (1981) RePresentations. MIT Press. [aSE] (1987) Psychosemantics. MIT Press. [aSE]
100. Fodor, J. A. (1981) RePresentations. MIT Press. [aSE] (1987) Psychosemantics. MIT Press. [aSE]
101. Földiak, P. (1990) Forming sparse representations by local anti-Hebbian learning. Biological Cybernetics 64:165-70. [PF]
102. Foldiak, P. & Young, M. P. (1995) Sparse coding in the primate cortex. In: The handbook of brain theory and neural networks, ed. M. A. Arbib. MIT Press. [PF]
103. Fomin, S. V., Sokolov, E. N. & Vaitkyavious, G. G. (1979) Iskusstvennie organi chuvstv. [Artificial sense organs]. (In Russian). Nauka. [ENS]
104. Francis, G. & Grossberg, S. (1996) Cortical dynamics of form and motion integration: Persistence, apparent motion, and illusory contours. Vision Research 36:149-73. [SG]
105. Friedman, J. H. & Tukey, J. W. (1974) A projection pursuit algorithm for exploratory data analysis. IEEE Transactions on Computers 23:881-90. [PJB]
106. Fujita, I., Tanaka, K., Ito, M. & Cheng, K. (1992) Columns for visual features of objects in monkey in inferotemporal cortex. Nature 360:343-46. [arSE]
107. Galin, E. & Akkouche, S. (1996) Métamorphose d'objets tridimensionnels: Quelques méthodes d'accélération. Revue Techniques et Sciences Informatique 15:329-50. [aSE]
108. Gallistel, C. R. (1990) The organization of learning. MIT Press. [aSE]
109. Garbin, C. P. (1990) Visual-touch perceptual equivalence for shape information in children and adults. Perception and Psychophysics 48:271-79. [aSE]
110. Garner, W. R. (1974) The processing of information and structure. Wiley. [PF]
111. Gawne, T. J. & Richmond, B. J. (1993) How independent are the messages carried by adjacent inferior temporal cortical-neurons. Journal of Neuroscience 13:2758-71. [PF]
112. Geman, D., Amit, Y. & Wilder, K. (forthcoming) Joint induction of shape features and tree classifiers. IEEE PAMI. [NI]
113. Gibson, J. J. (1966) The senses considered as perceptual systems. Houghton Mifflin. [aSE]
114. Goldstone, R. L. (1994) The role of similarity in categorization: providing a groundwork. Cognition 52:125-57. [arSE]
115. Goodman, N. (1972) Problems and projects. Seven strictures on similarity. Bobbs Merrill. [UH] (1977) The structure of appearance. Reidel. [aSE]
116. Goodman, N. (1972) Problems and projects. Seven strictures on similarity. Bobbs Merrill. [UH] (1977) The structure of appearance. Reidel. [aSE]
117. Gove, A., Grossberg, S. & Mingolla, E. (1995) Brightness perception, illusory contours, and corticogeniculate feedback. Visual Neuroscience 12:1027-52. [SG]
118. Gregory, R. L. (1978) Illusions and hallucinations. In: Handbook of perception, vol. IX, ed. E. C. Carterette & M. P. Friedman. Academic Press. [aSE]
119. Gregson, R. A. M. (1975) Psychometrics of similarity. Academic Press. [aSE, RAMG] (1976) A comparative evaluation of seven similarity models. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 29:139-56. [RAMG] (1979) Content and distance similarity models: A correction to Sjöberg. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 20:110-11. [RAMG] (1980) Model evaluation via stochastic parameter convergence as on-line system identification. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 33:17-35. [RAMG] (1984) Similarities between odor mixtures with known components. Perception and Psychophysics 35:33-40. [RAMG] (1985) Vergleich einiger mengentheoretischer und Distanz-Repräsentationen der Ähnlichkeiten von Broderson (1968). Zeitschrift für experimentelle und angewandte Psychologie 32:573-87. [RAMG] (1988) Nonlinear psychophysical dynamics. Erlbaum. [aSE, RAMG] (1992) n-Dimensional nonlinear psychophysics: Theory and case studies. Erlbaum. [RAMG] (1993) The form of isosimilarity contours in nonlinear psychophysics. Proceeding of the ISP Conference, Palma, Mallorca, 51-56. [RAMG] (1994) Similarities derived from 3-D nonlinear psychophysics: Variance distributions. Psychometrika 59:97-110. [RAMG] (1995) Cascades and fields in perceptual psychophysics. World Scientific. [RAMG]
120. Gregson, R. A. M. (1975) Psychometrics of similarity. Academic Press. [aSE, RAMG] (1976) A comparative evaluation of seven similarity models. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 29:139-56. [RAMG] (1979) Content and distance similarity models: A correction to Sjöberg. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 20:110-11. [RAMG] (1980) Model evaluation via stochastic parameter convergence as on-line system identification. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 33:17-35. [RAMG] (1984) Similarities between odor mixtures with known components. Perception and Psychophysics 35:33-40. [RAMG] (1985) Vergleich einiger mengentheoretischer und Distanz-Repräsentationen der Ähnlichkeiten von Broderson (1968). Zeitschrift für experimentelle und angewandte Psychologie 32:573-87. [RAMG] (1988) Nonlinear psychophysical dynamics. Erlbaum. [aSE, RAMG] (1992) n-Dimensional nonlinear psychophysics: Theory and case studies. Erlbaum. [RAMG] (1993) The form of isosimilarity contours in nonlinear psychophysics. Proceeding of the ISP Conference, Palma, Mallorca, 51-56. [RAMG] (1994) Similarities derived from 3-D nonlinear psychophysics: Variance distributions. Psychometrika 59:97-110. [RAMG] (1995) Cascades and fields in perceptual psychophysics. World Scientific. [RAMG]
121. Gregson, R. A. M. (1975) Psychometrics of similarity. Academic Press. [aSE, RAMG] (1976) A comparative evaluation of seven similarity models. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 29:139-56. [RAMG] (1979) Content and distance similarity models: A correction to Sjöberg. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 20:110-11. [RAMG] (1980) Model evaluation via stochastic parameter convergence as on-line system identification. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 33:17-35. [RAMG] (1984) Similarities between odor mixtures with known components. Perception and Psychophysics 35:33-40. [RAMG] (1985) Vergleich einiger mengentheoretischer und Distanz-Repräsentationen der Ähnlichkeiten von Broderson (1968). Zeitschrift für experimentelle und angewandte Psychologie 32:573-87. [RAMG] (1988) Nonlinear psychophysical dynamics. Erlbaum. [aSE, RAMG] (1992) n-Dimensional nonlinear psychophysics: Theory and case studies. Erlbaum. [RAMG] (1993) The form of isosimilarity contours in nonlinear psychophysics. Proceeding of the ISP Conference, Palma, Mallorca, 51-56. [RAMG] (1994) Similarities derived from 3-D nonlinear psychophysics: Variance distributions. Psychometrika 59:97-110. [RAMG] (1995) Cascades and fields in perceptual psychophysics. World Scientific. [RAMG]
122. Gregson, R. A. M. (1975) Psychometrics of similarity. Academic Press. [aSE, RAMG] (1976) A comparative evaluation of seven similarity models. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 29:139-56. [RAMG] (1979) Content and distance similarity models: A correction to Sjöberg. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 20:110-11. [RAMG] (1980) Model evaluation via stochastic parameter convergence as on-line system identification. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 33:17-35. [RAMG] (1984) Similarities between odor mixtures with known components. Perception and Psychophysics 35:33-40. [RAMG] (1985) Vergleich einiger mengentheoretischer und Distanz-Repräsentationen der Ähnlichkeiten von Broderson (1968). Zeitschrift für experimentelle und angewandte Psychologie 32:573-87. [RAMG] (1988) Nonlinear psychophysical dynamics. Erlbaum. [aSE, RAMG] (1992) n-Dimensional nonlinear psychophysics: Theory and case studies. Erlbaum. [RAMG] (1993) The form of isosimilarity contours in nonlinear psychophysics. Proceeding of the ISP Conference, Palma, Mallorca, 51-56. [RAMG] (1994) Similarities derived from 3-D nonlinear psychophysics: Variance distributions. Psychometrika 59:97-110. [RAMG] (1995) Cascades and fields in perceptual psychophysics. World Scientific. [RAMG]
123. Gregson, R. A. M. (1975) Psychometrics of similarity. Academic Press. [aSE, RAMG] (1976) A comparative evaluation of seven similarity models. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 29:139-56. [RAMG] (1979) Content and distance similarity models: A correction to Sjöberg. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 20:110-11. [RAMG] (1980) Model evaluation via stochastic parameter convergence as on-line system identification. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 33:17-35. [RAMG] (1984) Similarities between odor mixtures with known components. Perception and Psychophysics 35:33-40. [RAMG] (1985) Vergleich einiger mengentheoretischer und Distanz-Repräsentationen der Ähnlichkeiten von Broderson (1968). Zeitschrift für experimentelle und angewandte Psychologie 32:573-87. [RAMG] (1988) Nonlinear psychophysical dynamics. Erlbaum. [aSE, RAMG] (1992) n-Dimensional nonlinear psychophysics: Theory and case studies. Erlbaum. [RAMG] (1993) The form of isosimilarity contours in nonlinear psychophysics. Proceeding of the ISP Conference, Palma, Mallorca, 51-56. [RAMG] (1994) Similarities derived from 3-D nonlinear psychophysics: Variance distributions. Psychometrika 59:97-110. [RAMG] (1995) Cascades and fields in perceptual psychophysics. World Scientific. [RAMG]
124. Gregson, R. A. M. (1975) Psychometrics of similarity. Academic Press. [aSE, RAMG] (1976) A comparative evaluation of seven similarity models. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 29:139-56. [RAMG] (1979) Content and distance similarity models: A correction to Sjöberg. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 20:110-11. [RAMG] (1980) Model evaluation via stochastic parameter convergence as on-line system identification. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 33:17-35. [RAMG] (1984) Similarities between odor mixtures with known components. Perception and Psychophysics 35:33-40. [RAMG] (1985) Vergleich einiger mengentheoretischer und Distanz-Repräsentationen der Ähnlichkeiten von Broderson (1968). Zeitschrift für experimentelle und angewandte Psychologie 32:573-87. [RAMG] (1988) Nonlinear psychophysical dynamics. Erlbaum. [aSE, RAMG] (1992) n-Dimensional nonlinear psychophysics: Theory and case studies. Erlbaum. [RAMG] (1993) The form of isosimilarity contours in nonlinear psychophysics. Proceeding of the ISP Conference, Palma, Mallorca, 51-56. [RAMG] (1994) Similarities derived from 3-D nonlinear psychophysics: Variance distributions. Psychometrika 59:97-110. [RAMG] (1995) Cascades and fields in perceptual psychophysics. World Scientific. [RAMG]
125. Gregson, R. A. M. (1975) Psychometrics of similarity. Academic Press. [aSE, RAMG] (1976) A comparative evaluation of seven similarity models. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 29:139-56. [RAMG] (1979) Content and distance similarity models: A correction to Sjöberg. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 20:110-11. [RAMG] (1980) Model evaluation via stochastic parameter convergence as on-line system identification. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 33:17-35. [RAMG] (1984) Similarities between odor mixtures with known components. Perception and Psychophysics 35:33-40. [RAMG] (1985) Vergleich einiger mengentheoretischer und Distanz-Repräsentationen der Ähnlichkeiten von Broderson (1968). Zeitschrift für experimentelle und angewandte Psychologie 32:573-87. [RAMG] (1988) Nonlinear psychophysical dynamics. Erlbaum. [aSE, RAMG] (1992) n-Dimensional nonlinear psychophysics: Theory and case studies. Erlbaum. [RAMG] (1993) The form of isosimilarity contours in nonlinear psychophysics. Proceeding of the ISP Conference, Palma, Mallorca, 51-56. [RAMG] (1994) Similarities derived from 3-D nonlinear psychophysics: Variance distributions. Psychometrika 59:97-110. [RAMG] (1995) Cascades and fields in perceptual psychophysics. World Scientific. [RAMG]
126. Gregson, R. A. M. (1975) Psychometrics of similarity. Academic Press. [aSE, RAMG] (1976) A comparative evaluation of seven similarity models. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 29:139-56. [RAMG] (1979) Content and distance similarity models: A correction to Sjöberg. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 20:110-11. [RAMG] (1980) Model evaluation via stochastic parameter convergence as on-line system identification. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 33:17-35. [RAMG] (1984) Similarities between odor mixtures with known components. Perception and Psychophysics 35:33-40. [RAMG] (1985) Vergleich einiger mengentheoretischer und Distanz-Repräsentationen der Ähnlichkeiten von Broderson (1968). Zeitschrift für experimentelle und angewandte Psychologie 32:573-87. [RAMG] (1988) Nonlinear psychophysical dynamics. Erlbaum. [aSE, RAMG] (1992) n-Dimensional nonlinear psychophysics: Theory and case studies. Erlbaum. [RAMG] (1993) The form of isosimilarity contours in nonlinear psychophysics. Proceeding of the ISP Conference, Palma, Mallorca, 51-56. [RAMG] (1994) Similarities derived from 3-D nonlinear psychophysics: Variance distributions. Psychometrika 59:97-110. [RAMG] (1995) Cascades and fields in perceptual psychophysics. World Scientific. [RAMG]
127. Gregson, R. A. M. (1975) Psychometrics of similarity. Academic Press. [aSE, RAMG] (1976) A comparative evaluation of seven similarity models. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 29:139-56. [RAMG] (1979) Content and distance similarity models: A correction to Sjöberg. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 20:110-11. [RAMG] (1980) Model evaluation via stochastic parameter convergence as on-line system identification. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 33:17-35. [RAMG] (1984) Similarities between odor mixtures with known components. Perception and Psychophysics 35:33-40. [RAMG] (1985) Vergleich einiger mengentheoretischer und Distanz-Repräsentationen der Ähnlichkeiten von Broderson (1968). Zeitschrift für experimentelle und angewandte Psychologie 32:573-87. [RAMG] (1988) Nonlinear psychophysical dynamics. Erlbaum. [aSE, RAMG] (1992) n-Dimensional nonlinear psychophysics: Theory and case studies. Erlbaum. [RAMG] (1993) The form of isosimilarity contours in nonlinear psychophysics. Proceeding of the ISP Conference, Palma, Mallorca, 51-56. [RAMG] (1994) Similarities derived from 3-D nonlinear psychophysics: Variance distributions. Psychometrika 59:97-110. [RAMG] (1995) Cascades and fields in perceptual psychophysics. World Scientific. [RAMG]
128. Gregson, R. A. M. (1975) Psychometrics of similarity. Academic Press. [aSE, RAMG] (1976) A comparative evaluation of seven similarity models. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 29:139-56. [RAMG] (1979) Content and distance similarity models: A correction to Sjöberg. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 20:110-11. [RAMG] (1980) Model evaluation via stochastic parameter convergence as on-line system identification. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 33:17-35. [RAMG] (1984) Similarities between odor mixtures with known components. Perception and Psychophysics 35:33-40. [RAMG] (1985) Vergleich einiger mengentheoretischer und Distanz-Repräsentationen der Ähnlichkeiten von Broderson (1968). Zeitschrift für experimentelle und angewandte Psychologie 32:573-87. [RAMG] (1988) Nonlinear psychophysical dynamics. Erlbaum. [aSE, RAMG] (1992) n-Dimensional nonlinear psychophysics: Theory and case studies. Erlbaum. [RAMG] (1993) The form of isosimilarity contours in nonlinear psychophysics. Proceeding of the ISP Conference, Palma, Mallorca, 51-56. [RAMG] (1994) Similarities derived from 3-D nonlinear psychophysics: Variance distributions. Psychometrika 59:97-110. [RAMG] (1995) Cascades and fields in perceptual psychophysics. World Scientific. [RAMG]
129. Gregson, R. A. M. (1975) Psychometrics of similarity. Academic Press. [aSE, RAMG] (1976) A comparative evaluation of seven similarity models. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 29:139-56. [RAMG] (1979) Content and distance similarity models: A correction to Sjöberg. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 20:110-11. [RAMG] (1980) Model evaluation via stochastic parameter convergence as on-line system identification. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 33:17-35. [RAMG] (1984) Similarities between odor mixtures with known components. Perception and Psychophysics 35:33-40. [RAMG] (1985) Vergleich einiger mengentheoretischer und Distanz-Repräsentationen der Ähnlichkeiten von Broderson (1968). Zeitschrift für experimentelle und angewandte Psychologie 32:573-87. [RAMG] (1988) Nonlinear psychophysical dynamics. Erlbaum. [aSE, RAMG] (1992) n-Dimensional nonlinear psychophysics: Theory and case studies. Erlbaum. [RAMG] (1993) The form of isosimilarity contours in nonlinear psychophysics. Proceeding of the ISP Conference, Palma, Mallorca, 51-56. [RAMG] (1994) Similarities derived from 3-D nonlinear psychophysics: Variance distributions. Psychometrika 59:97-110. [RAMG] (1995) Cascades and fields in perceptual psychophysics. World Scientific. [RAMG]
130. Gregson, R. A. M. & Britton, L. A. (1990) The size-weight illusion in 2D nonlinear psychophysics. Perception and Psychophysics 48:343-56. [aSE]
131. Gregson, R. A. M. & Harvey, J. P. (1992) Similarities of low-dimensional auditors chaotic sequences to quasirandom noise. Perception and Psychophysics 51:267-78. [RAMG]
132. Grimes, J. (1995) On the failure to detect changes in scenes across saccades. In: Perception. Vancouver studies in cognitive science, vol. 5, ed. K. Akins. Oxford University Press. [aSE]
133. Gross, C. G., Rocha-Miranda, C. E. & Bender, D. B. (1972) Visual properties of cells in inferotemporal cortex of the macaque. Journal of Neurophysiology 35:96-111. [aSE]
134. Grossberg, S. (1980) How does a brain build a cognitive code? Psychological Review 87:1-51. [SG] (1987) The adaptive brain, vol. I and II. Elsevier/North-Holland. [SG] (1994) 3-D vision and figure-ground separation by visual cortex. Perception and Psychophysics 55:48-120. [SG] (1995) The attentive brain. American Scientist 83:438-49. [SG] (1997) Cortical dynamics of 3-D figure-ground perception of 2-D pictures. Psychological Review 104:618-58. [SG]
135. Grossberg, S. (1980) How does a brain build a cognitive code? Psychological Review 87:1-51. [SG] (1987) The adaptive brain, vol. I and II. Elsevier/North-Holland. [SG] (1994) 3-D vision and figure-ground separation by visual cortex. Perception and Psychophysics 55:48-120. [SG] (1995) The attentive brain. American Scientist 83:438-49. [SG] (1997) Cortical dynamics of 3-D figure-ground perception of 2-D pictures. Psychological Review 104:618-58. [SG]
136. Grossberg, S. (1980) How does a brain build a cognitive code? Psychological Review 87:1-51. [SG] (1987) The adaptive brain, vol. I and II. Elsevier/North-Holland. [SG] (1994) 3-D vision and figure-ground separation by visual cortex. Perception and Psychophysics 55:48-120. [SG] (1995) The attentive brain. American Scientist 83:438-49. [SG] (1997) Cortical dynamics of 3-D figure-ground perception of 2-D pictures. Psychological Review 104:618-58. [SG]
137. Grossberg, S. (1980) How does a brain build a cognitive code? Psychological Review 87:1-51. [SG] (1987) The adaptive brain, vol. I and II. Elsevier/North-Holland. [SG] (1994) 3-D vision and figure-ground separation by visual cortex. Perception and Psychophysics 55:48-120. [SG] (1995) The attentive brain. American Scientist 83:438-49. [SG] (1997) Cortical dynamics of 3-D figure-ground perception of 2-D pictures. Psychological Review 104:618-58. [SG]
138. Grossberg, S. (1980) How does a brain build a cognitive code? Psychological Review 87:1-51. [SG] (1987) The adaptive brain, vol. I and II. Elsevier/North-Holland. [SG] (1994) 3-D vision and figure-ground separation by visual cortex. Perception and Psychophysics 55:48-120. [SG] (1995) The attentive brain. American Scientist 83:438-49. [SG] (1997) Cortical dynamics of 3-D figure-ground perception of 2-D pictures. Psychological Review 104:618-58. [SG]
139. Grossberg, S., Boardman, I. & Cohen, M. A. (1997a) Neural dynamics of variable-rate speech categorization. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 23:481-503. [SG]
140. Grossberg, S. & Merrill, J. W. L. (1996) The hippocampus and cerebellum in adaptively timed learning, recognition, and movement. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 8:257-77. [SG]
141. Grossberg, S., Mingolla, E. & Ross, W. D. (1997b) Visual brain and visual perception: How does the cortex do perceptual grouping? Trends in Neurosciences 20:106-11. [SG]
142. Grossberg, S. & Todorovic, D. (1988) Neural dynamics of 1-D and 2-D brightness perception. Perception and Psychophysics 43:723-42. [SG]
143. Grossberg, S. & Williamson, J. R. (1997) A self-organizing neural system for learning to recognize textured scenes. Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-97-001. [JRW]
144. Hampton, J. (1993) Prototype models of concept representation. In: Categories and concepts, ed. I. V. Mechelen, J. Hampton, R. S. Michalski & P. Theuns. Academic Press. [PF]
145. Hanson, S. J. & Gluck, M. A. (1993) Spherical units as dynamic consequential regions: Implications for attention, competition and categorization. In: Advances in neural information processing systems 5, ed. S. J. Hanson, J. D. Cowan & C. L. Giles. Morgan Kaufmann. [aSE]
146. Harnad, S., ed. (1987) Categorical perception: The groundwork of cognition. Cambridge University Press. [aSE]
147. Hamad, S. (1990) The symbol grounding problem. Physica D 42:335-46. [aSE, CL] (1992) Connecting object to symbol in modelling cognition. In: Connectionism in context, ed. A. Clark & R. Lutz. Springer-Verlag. [CL]
148. Hamad, S. (1990) The symbol grounding problem. Physica D 42:335-46. [aSE, CL] (1992) Connecting object to symbol in modelling cognition. In: Connectionism in context, ed. A. Clark & R. Lutz. Springer-Verlag. [CL]
149. Hasselmo, M. E. (1995) Neuromodulation and cortical function: Modeling the physiological basis of behavior. Behavioral Brain Research 67:1-27. [rSE]
150. Hebb, D. O. (1994) The organization of behavior. Wiley. [aSE]
151. Henle, M. (1984) Isomorphism: Setting the record straight. Psychological Research 46:317-27. [CvL]
152. Hinton, G. (1992) How neural networks learn from experience. Scientific American 267:145-51. [PF]
153. Hinton, G. E., Dayan, P., Frey, B. J. & Neal, R. (1995) The wake-sleep algorithm for unsupervised neural networks. Science 268:1158-61. [aSE]
154. Holland, J. H., Holyoak, K. J., Nisbett, R. E. & Thagard, P. R. (1986) Induction: Processes of inference, learning, and discovery. MIT Press. [aSE]
155. Hubel, D. H. & Wiesel, T. N. (1959) Receptive fields of single neurons in the cat's striate cortex. Journal of Physiology 148:574-91. [aSE] (1968) Receptive fields and functional architecture of monkey striate cortex. Journal of Neurophysiobgy 195:215-43. [RLG]
156. Hubel, D. H. & Wiesel, T. N. (1959) Receptive fields of single neurons in the cat's striate cortex. Journal of Physiology 148:574-91. [aSE] (1968) Receptive fields and functional architecture of monkey striate cortex. Journal of Neurophysiobgy 195:215-43. [RLG]
157. Hume, D. (1748) An enquiry concerning human understanding. The Internet. Available electronically at URL http://coomba.anu.edu.an/Depts/RSSS/ Philosophy/ Texts/ EnquiryTOC.html. [rSE]
158. Hummel, J. E. & Biederman, I. (1992) Dynamic binding in a neural network for shape recognition. Psychological Review 99:480-517. [rSE]
159. Hummel, J. E. & Stankiewicz, B. J. (1996) Categorical relations in shape perception. Spatial Vision 10:201-36. [EP]
160. Indurkhya, B. (1992) Metaphor and cognition. An interactionist approach. Kluwer. [CvL]
161. Intrator, N. (1993) Combining exploratory projection pursuit and projection pursuit regression. Neural Computation 5:443-55. [aSE]
162. Intrator, N. & Cooper, L. N. (1992) Objective function formulation of the BCM theory of visual cortical plasticity: Statistical connections, stability conditions. Neural Networks 5:3-17. [aSE]
163. Intrator, N. & Edelman, S. (1997) Learning low dimensional representations of visual objects with extensive use of prior knowledge. Network 8:259-81. [rSE]
164. Ito, M., Tamura, H., Fujita, I. & Tanaka, K. (1995) Size and position invariance of neuronal responses in monkey inferotemporal cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology 73:218-26. [rSE]
165. Izmailov, C. A. & Sokolov, E. N. (1991) Spherical model of color and brightness discrimination. Psychological Science 2:249-59. [ENS]
166. Jain, A. K. & Hoffmann, D. (1988) Evidence-based recognition of objects. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 10:783-802. [MJ]
167. Jameson, K. A. (1997) What Saunders and van Brakel chose to ignore in color and cognition research. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20(2):195-96. [JvB]
168. Jolicoeur, P., Gluck, M. A. & Kosslyn, S. M. (1984) Pictures and names: Making the connection. Cognitive Psychology 16:243-75. [DRA]
169. Jolicoeur P. & Humphrey, G. K. (1998) Perception of rotated two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects and visual shapes. In: Perceptual constancies, ed. V. Walsh & J. Kulikowski. Cambridge University Press (in press). [arSE]
170. Jüttner, M., Caelli, T. & Rentschler, I. (1997) Evidence-based pattern classification: A structural approach to human perceptual learning and generalization. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 41:244-58. [MJ]
171. Jüttner, M. & Rentschler, I. (1996) Reduced perceptual dimensionality in extrafoveal vision. Vision Research 36:1007-21. [MJ]
172. Kaplan, A. S. & Medin, D. L. (1997) The coincidence effect in similarity and choice. Memory and Cognition 25(4):570-76. [ABM]
173. Kendall, D. G. (1984) Shape manifolds, Procrustean metrics and complex projective spaces. Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society 16:81-121. [arSE] (1989) A survey of the statistical theory of shape. Statistical Science 4:87-120. [aSE]
174. Kendall, D. G. (1984) Shape manifolds, Procrustean metrics and complex projective spaces. Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society 16:81-121. [arSE] (1989) A survey of the statistical theory of shape. Statistical Science 4:87-120. [aSE]
175. Kobatake, E. & Tanaka, K. (1994) Neuronal selectivities to complex object features in the ventral visual pathway of the macaque cerebral cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology 71:2269-80. [aSE]
176. Kobatake, E., Tanaka, K. & Tamori, Y. (1992) Long-term learning changes the stimulus selectivity of cells in the inferotemporal cortex of adult monkeys. Neuroscience Research S17:237. [aSE]
177. Koch, C. & Ullman, S. (1985) Selecting one among the many: A simple network implementing shifts in selective visual attention. Human Neurobiology 4:219-27. [aSE]
178. Koenderink, J. J. (1984) Simultaneous order in nervous nets from a functional standpoint. Biological Cybernetics 50:35-41. [EP]
179. Koenderink, J. J., van Doom, A. J. & Kappers, A. M. L. (1996) Pictorial surface attitude and local depth comparisons. Perception and Psychophysics 58:163-73. [aSE]
180. Köhler, W. (1929) Gestalt psychology. Liveright. [CvL]
181. Koriat, A. & Goldsmith, M. (1995) Memory metaphors and the real-life/laboratory controversy: Correspondence versus storehouse conceptions of memory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:167-228. [aSE]
182. Kosslyn, S. M. (1980) Image and mind. Harvard University Press. [CvL]
183. Krumhansl, C. L. (1978) Concerning the applicability of geometric models to similarity data: The interrelationship between similarity and spatial density. Psychological Review 85:445-63. [aSE, ABM]
184. Krushkal, S. L. (1979) Quasiconformal mappings and Riemann surfaces. Wiley. [aSE]
185. Kruskal, J. B. (1964) Multidimensional scaling by optimizing goodness of fit to a nonmetric hypothesis. Psychometrika 29(1):1-27. [aSE] (1977) The relationship between multidimensional scaling and clustering. In: Classification and clustering ed. J. V. Ryzin. Academic Press. [rSE]
186. Kruskal, J. B. (1964) Multidimensional scaling by optimizing goodness of fit to a nonmetric hypothesis. Psychometrika 29(1):1-27. [aSE] (1977) The relationship between multidimensional scaling and clustering. In: Classification and clustering ed. J. V. Ryzin. Academic Press. [rSE]
187. Kruskal, J. B. & Wish, M. (1978) Multidimensional scaling. Sage Publications. [aSE]
188. Kurbat, M. A. (1994) Is RBC/JIM a general-purpose theory of human entry-level object recognition? Perception 23:1339-68. [rSE]
189. Landahl, H. D. (1945) Neural mechanisms for the concepts of difference and similarity. Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics 7:83-88. [HE]
190. Landau, B., Smith, L. B. & Jones, S. (1988) The importance of shape in early lexical learning. Cognitive Development 3:299-321. [aSE]
191. Lando, M. & Edelman, S. (1995) Receptive field spaces and class-based generalization from a single view in face recognition. Network 6:551-16. [aSE]
192. Lashley, K. S., Chow, K. L & Semmes, J. (1951) An examination of the electrical field theory of cerebral integration. Psychological Review 58:123-36.
193. Latanov, A. V., Leonova, A. Y., Svtikhin, D. V. & Sokolov, E. N. (1997) Sravnitelnaya neurobiologia tsvetovogo zrenya cheloveka i zhivotnykh [Comparative neurobiology of color vision in humans and animals]. Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti 47(2):308-19. [ENS]
194. Latimer, C. & Stevens, C. (1997) Some remarks on wholes, parts and their perception. Psycoloquy 8:13. [rSE, CL]
195. Le, H. (1991) On geodesics in Euclidean shape spaces. Journal of the London Mathematical Society 44:360-72. [rSE]
196. Le, H. & Kendall, D. G. (1993) The Riemannian structure of Euclidean shape spaces: A novel environment for statistics. The Annals of Statistics 21:1221-71. [arSE]
197. Lettvin, J. Y., Maturana, H. R., McCulloch, W. S. & Pitts, W. H. (1959) What the frogs eye tells the frog's brain. Proceedings of the IRE 47:1940-59. [aSE]
198. Lindsay, P. H. & Norman, D. A. (1977) Human information processing: An introduction to psychology. Academic Press. [aSE]
199. Linial, N., London, E. & Rabinovich, Y. (1994) The geometry of graphs and some of its algorithmic applications. Foundations of Computer Science 35:577-91. [aSE]
200. Littlestone, N. (1988) Learning quickly when irrelevant attributes abound: A new linear-threshold algorithm. Machine Learning 2:285-318. [aSE]
201. Locke, J. (1690/1994) An essay concerning human understanding. Modem Library/Dent. [aSE, CL]
202. Logothetis, N. K., Pauls, J. & Poggio, T. (1995) Shape recognition in the inferior temporal cortex of monkeys. Current Biology 5:552-63. [aSE, GP]
203. Maffei, L. (1978) Spatial frequency channels: Neural mechanisms. In: Handbook of sensory physiology: Perception, ed. R. Held, H. W. Leibowitz & H.-L. Teuber. Springer-Verlag. [aSE]
204. Markman, A. B. (in press) Knowledge representation. Erlbaum. [ABM]
205. Markman, A. B. & Dietrich, E. (in preparation) In defense of representation. [ABM]
206. Markman, A. B. & Gentner, D. (1993a) Structural alignment during similarity comparisons. Cognitive Psychology 25:431-67. [aSE] (1993b) Splitting the differences: A structural alignment view of similarity. Journal of Memory and Language 32(4):517-35. [ABM] (1996) Commonalities and differences in similarity comparisons. Memory and Cognition 24(2):235-49. [ABM]
207. Markman, A. B. & Gentner, D. (1993a) Structural alignment during similarity comparisons. Cognitive Psychology 25:431-67. [aSE] (1993b) Splitting the differences: A structural alignment view of similarity. Journal of Memory and Language 32(4):517-35. [ABM] (1996) Commonalities and differences in similarity comparisons. Memory and Cognition 24(2):235-49. [ABM]
208. Markman, A. B. & Gentner, D. (1993a) Structural alignment during similarity comparisons. Cognitive Psychology 25:431-67. [aSE] (1993b) Splitting the differences: A structural alignment view of similarity. Journal of Memory and Language 32(4):517-35. [ABM] (1996) Commonalities and differences in similarity comparisons. Memory and Cognition 24(2):235-49. [ABM]
209. Markman, E. (1989) Categorization and naming in children. MIT Press. [rSE]
210. Marr, D. (1970) A theory for cerebral neocortex. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 176:161-234. [aSE] (1976) Early processing of visual information. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 275:483-524. [aSE, J-OE] (1982) Vision. W. H. Freeman. [arSE, RLG]
211. Marr, D. (1970) A theory for cerebral neocortex. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 176:161-234. [aSE] (1976) Early processing of visual information. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 275:483-524. [aSE, J-OE] (1982) Vision. W. H. Freeman. [arSE, RLG]
212. Marr, D. (1970) A theory for cerebral neocortex. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 176:161-234. [aSE] (1976) Early processing of visual information. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 275:483-524. [aSE, J-OE] (1982) Vision. W. H. Freeman. [arSE, RLG]
213. Marr, D. & Nishihara, H. K. (1978) Representation and recognition of the spatial organization of three-dimensional structure. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 200:269-94. [arSE]
214. Marsolek, C. J. (1995) Abstract visual-form representations in the left cerebral hemisphere. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 2:375-86. [DRA] (1997) Dissociable neural subsystems underlie abstract and specific object recognition. (submitted). [DRA]
215. Marsolek, C. J. (1995) Abstract visual-form representations in the left cerebral hemisphere. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 2:375-86. [DRA] (1997) Dissociable neural subsystems underlie abstract and specific object recognition. (submitted). [DRA]
216. Marsolek, C. J. & Burgund, E. D. (1997) Computational analyses and hemispheric asymmetries in visual-form recognition. In: Cerebral symmetries in sensory and perceptual processing, ed. S. Christman. Elsevier. [DRA]
217. Marsolek, C. J., Schachter, D. L. & Nicholas, C. D. (1996) Form-specific visual priming for new associations in the right cerebral hemisphere. Memory and Cognition 24:539-56. [DRA]
218. Maze, J. R. (1983) The meaning of behaviour. Allen & Unwin. [CL]
219. McCulloch, W. S. (1965) Embodiments of mind. MIT Press. [rSE]
220. Medin, D. L., Goldstone, R. L. & Gentner, D. (1993) Respects for similarity. Psychological Review 100:254-78. [aSE]
221. Mel, B. (1997) SEEMORE: Combining color, shape, and texture histogramming in a neurally-inspired approach to visual object recognition. Neural Computation 9:777-804. [aSE]
222. Michell, J. (1988) Maze's direct realism and the character of cognition. Australian Journal of Psychology 40:227-49. [CL]
223. Millikan, R. (1984) Language, thought, and other biological categories. MIT Press. [rSE] (1995) White Queen psychology and other essays for Alice. MIT Press. [aSE]
224. Millikan, R. (1984) Language, thought, and other biological categories. MIT Press. [rSE] (1995) White Queen psychology and other essays for Alice. MIT Press. [aSE]
225. Moses, Y., Ullman, S. & Edelman, S. (1996) Generalization to novel images in upright and inverted faces. Perception 25:443-62. [aSE]
226. Movshon, J. A., Adelson, E. H., Gizzi, M. S. & Newsome, W. T. (1985) The analysis of moving visual patterns. In: Pattern recognition mechanisms, ed. C. Chagas, R. Gattas & C. G. Gross. Vatican Press. [aSE]
227. Mumford, D. (1991a) Mathematical theories of shape: Do they model perception? In: Geometric methods in computer vision. SPIE. [arSE] (1991b) On the computational architecture of the neocortex. I. The role of the thalamo-cortical loop. Biological Cybernetics 65:135-45. [aSE] (1992) On the computational architecture of the neocortex. II. The role of the cortico-cortical loops. Biological Cybernetics 66:241-51. [aSE] (1994) Neuronal architectures for pattern-theoretic problems. In: Large-scale neuronal theories of the brain, ed. C. Koch & J. L. Davis. MIT Press. [arSE]
228. Mumford, D. (1991a) Mathematical theories of shape: Do they model perception? In: Geometric methods in computer vision. SPIE. [arSE] (1991b) On the computational architecture of the neocortex. I. The role of the thalamo-cortical loop. Biological Cybernetics 65:135-45. [aSE] (1992) On the computational architecture of the neocortex. II. The role of the cortico-cortical loops. Biological Cybernetics 66:241-51. [aSE] (1994) Neuronal architectures for pattern-theoretic problems. In: Large-scale neuronal theories of the brain, ed. C. Koch & J. L. Davis. MIT Press. [arSE]
229. Mumford, D. (1991a) Mathematical theories of shape: Do they model perception? In: Geometric methods in computer vision. SPIE. [arSE] (1991b) On the computational architecture of the neocortex. I. The role of the thalamo-cortical loop. Biological Cybernetics 65:135-45. [aSE] (1992) On the computational architecture of the neocortex. II. The role of the cortico-cortical loops. Biological Cybernetics 66:241-51. [aSE] (1994) Neuronal architectures for pattern-theoretic problems. In: Large-scale neuronal theories of the brain, ed. C. Koch & J. L. Davis. MIT Press. [arSE]
230. Mumford, D. (1991a) Mathematical theories of shape: Do they model perception? In: Geometric methods in computer vision. SPIE. [arSE] (1991b) On the computational architecture of the neocortex. I. The role of the thalamo-cortical loop. Biological Cybernetics 65:135-45. [aSE] (1992) On the computational architecture of the neocortex. II. The role of the cortico-cortical loops. Biological Cybernetics 66:241-51. [aSE] (1994) Neuronal architectures for pattern-theoretic problems. In: Large-scale neuronal theories of the brain, ed. C. Koch & J. L. Davis. MIT Press. [arSE]
231. Murase, H. & Nayar, S. (1995) Visual learning and recognition of 3D objects from appearance. International Journal of Computer Vision 14:5-24. [aSE]
232. Murphy, G. L. & Medin, D. L. (1985) The role of theories in conceptual coherence. Psychological Review 92:289-316. [rSE]
233. Newsome, W. T. & Pare, E. B. (1988) A selective impairment of motion perception following lesions of the middle temporal visual area (MT). Journal of Neuroscience 8:2201-11. [aSE]
234. Nosofsky, R. M. (1986) Attention, similarity and the identification-categorization relationship. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 115(1):39-57. [ABM] (1988) Exemplar-based accounts of relations between classification, recognition, and typicality. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 14:700-08. [aSE] (1991) Stimulus bias, asymmetric similarity, and classification. Cognitive Psychology 23:94-140. [arSE] (1992) Similarity scaling and cognitive process models. Annual Review of Psychology 43:25-53. [aSE]
235. Nosofsky, R. M. (1986) Attention, similarity and the identification-categorization relationship. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 115(1):39-57. [ABM] (1988) Exemplar-based accounts of relations between classification, recognition, and typicality. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 14:700-08. [aSE] (1991) Stimulus bias, asymmetric similarity, and classification. Cognitive Psychology 23:94-140. [arSE] (1992) Similarity scaling and cognitive process models. Annual Review of Psychology 43:25-53. [aSE]
236. Nosofsky, R. M. (1986) Attention, similarity and the identification-categorization relationship. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 115(1):39-57. [ABM] (1988) Exemplar-based accounts of relations between classification, recognition, and typicality. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 14:700-08. [aSE] (1991) Stimulus bias, asymmetric similarity, and classification. Cognitive Psychology 23:94-140. [arSE] (1992) Similarity scaling and cognitive process models. Annual Review of Psychology 43:25-53. [aSE]
237. Nosofsky, R. M. (1986) Attention, similarity and the identification-categorization relationship. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 115(1):39-57. [ABM] (1988) Exemplar-based accounts of relations between classification, recognition, and typicality. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 14:700-08. [aSE] (1991) Stimulus bias, asymmetric similarity, and classification. Cognitive Psychology 23:94-140. [arSE] (1992) Similarity scaling and cognitive process models. Annual Review of Psychology 43:25-53. [aSE]
238. Olshausen, B. A. & Field, D. J. (1994) Emergence of simple-cell receptive field properties by learning a sparse code for natural images. Nature 381:607-09. [PF]
239. O'Regan, J. K. (1992) Solving the real mysteries of visual perception: The world as an outside memory. Canadian Journal of Psychology 46:461-488. [aSE]
240. Palm, G. (1980) On associative memory. Biological Cybernetics 36:19-31. [GP] (1987a) Computing with neural networks. Science 235:1227-28. [GP] (1987b) On associative memories. In: Physics of cognitive processes, ed. E. R. Caianello. World Scientific Publishing. [GP] (1990) Local learning rules and sparse coding in neural networks. In: Advanced neural computers, ed. R. Eckmiller. North-Holland. [GP]
241. Palm, G. (1980) On associative memory. Biological Cybernetics 36:19-31. [GP] (1987a) Computing with neural networks. Science 235:1227-28. [GP] (1987b) On associative memories. In: Physics of cognitive processes, ed. E. R. Caianello. World Scientific Publishing. [GP] (1990) Local learning rules and sparse coding in neural networks. In: Advanced neural computers, ed. R. Eckmiller. North-Holland. [GP]
242. Palm, G. (1980) On associative memory. Biological Cybernetics 36:19-31. [GP] (1987a) Computing with neural networks. Science 235:1227-28. [GP] (1987b) On associative memories. In: Physics of cognitive processes, ed. E. R. Caianello. World Scientific Publishing. [GP] (1990) Local learning rules and sparse coding in neural networks. In: Advanced neural computers, ed. R. Eckmiller. North-Holland. [GP]
243. Palm, G. (1980) On associative memory. Biological Cybernetics 36:19-31. [GP] (1987a) Computing with neural networks. Science 235:1227-28. [GP] (1987b) On associative memories. In: Physics of cognitive processes, ed. E. R. Caianello. World Scientific Publishing. [GP] (1990) Local learning rules and sparse coding in neural networks. In: Advanced neural computers, ed. R. Eckmiller. North-Holland. [GP]
244. Palm, G. & Palm, M. (1991) Parallel associative networks: The Pan-system and the Bacchus-chip. In: Proceedings of the second international conference on microelectronics for neural networks, ed. U. Ramacher, U. Rückert & J. A. Nossek. Kyrill & Method Verlag. [GP]
245. Palm, G., Schwenker, F., Sommer, F. T. & Strey, A. (1997) Neural associative memory. In: Associative processing and processors, ed. A. Krikelis & C. C. Weems. IEEE Computer Society Press. [GP]
246. Palmer, S. E. (1978) Fundamental aspects of cognitive representation. In: Cognition and categorization, ed. E. Rosch & B. B. Lloyd. Erlbaum. [aSE]
247. Pentland, A. & Sclaroff, S. (1991) Closed-form solutions for physically based shape modeling and recognition. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 13:715-29. [aSE]
248. Perrett, D. I., Mistlin, A. J. & Chitty, A. J. (1989) Visual neurones responsive to faces. Trends in Neurosciences 10:358-64. [aSE]
249. Perrett, D. I., Rolls, E. T. & Caan, W. (1982) Visual neurones responsive to faces in the monkey temporal cortex. Experimental Brain Research 47:329-42. [aSE]
250. Phillips, F. & Todd, J. T. (1996) Perception of local three-dimensional shape. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 22:230-44. [aSE]
251. Poggio, T. (1990) A theory of how the brain might work. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 55:899-910. [aSE]
252. Poggio, T. & Edelman, S. (1990) A network that learns to recognize three-dimensional objects. Nature 343:263-66. [arSE]
253. Poggio, T, Fahle, M. & Edelman, S. (1992) Fast perceptual learning in visual hyperacuiry. Science 256:1018-21. [aSE]
254. Poggio, T. & Girosi, F. (1989) A theory of networks for approximation and learning. A. I. Memo No. 1140, MIT, 1989. [JRW] (1990) Regularization algorithms for learning that are equivalent to multilayer networks. Science 247:978-82. [aSE]
255. Poggio, T. & Girosi, F. (1989) A theory of networks for approximation and learning. A. I. Memo No. 1140, MIT, 1989. [JRW] (1990) Regularization algorithms for learning that are equivalent to multilayer networks. Science 247:978-82. [aSE]
256. Pollatsek, A., Rayner, K. & Collins, W. E. (1984) Integrating pictorial information across eye movements. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 113:426-42. [aSE]
257. Postma, E. O., Herik, H. J., van den & Hudson, P. T. W. (1997) SCAN: A scalable model of attentional selection. Neural Networks 10:993-1015. [EP]
258. Pribram, K. (1984) What is iso and what is morphic in isomorphism? Psychological Research 46:329-32. [CvL]
259. Putnam, H. (1988) Representation and reality. MIT Press. [aSE]
260. Quine, W. V. O. (1960) Word and object. MIT Press. [rSE] (1969) Natural kinds. In: Ontological relativity and other essays. Columbia University Press. [arSE] Rao, A. R. & Lohse, G. (1996) Towards a texture naming system: Identifying relevant dimensions of texture. Vision Research 36:1649-69. [JRW]
261. Quine, W. V. O. (1960) Word and object. MIT Press. [rSE] (1969) Natural kinds. In: Ontological relativity and other essays. Columbia University Press. [arSE] Rao, A. R. & Lohse, G. (1996) Towards a texture naming system: Identifying relevant dimensions of texture. Vision Research 36:1649-69. [JRW]
262. Quine, W. V. O. (1960) Word and object. MIT Press. [rSE] (1969) Natural kinds. In: Ontological relativity and other essays. Columbia University Press. [arSE] Rao, A. R. & Lohse, G. (1996) Towards a texture naming system: Identifying relevant dimensions of texture. Vision Research 36:1649-69. [JRW]
263. Rao, R. P. N. & Ballard, D. H. (1995) An active vision architecture based on iconic representations. Artificial Intelligence 78:461-505. [EP]
264. Rensink, R., O'Regan, K. & Clark, J. J. (1995) Image flicker is as good as saccades in making large scene changes invisible. Perception 24(suppl.):26-27. [aSE]
265. Rentschler, I., Jüttner, M. & Caelli, T. (1994) Probabilistic analysis of human supervised learning and classification. Vision Research 34:669-87. [MJ]
266. Reshetnyak, Y. G. (1989) Space mappings with bounded distortion. Translations of mathematical monographs, vol. 73. American Mathematical Society. [aSE]
267. Riesenhuber, M. & Dayan, P. (1997) Neural models for the part-whole hierarchies. In: Advances in neural information processing 9, ed. M. Jordan. MIT Press. (in press). [aSE]
268. Rolls, E. T., Baylis, G. C., Hasselmo, M. E. & Nalwa, V. (1989) The effect of learning on the face selective responses of neurons in the cortex in the superior temporal sulcus of the monkey. Experimental Brain Research 76:153-64. [aSE]
269. Rolls, E. T. & Tovée, M. J. (1995) The responses of single neurons in the temporal visual cortical areas of the macaque when more than one stimulus is present in the receptive field. Experimental Brain Research 103:409-20. [MJT]
270. Rojet, A. S. & Schwartz, E. L. (1990) Design considerations for a space-variant visual sensor with complex-logarithmic geometry. Tenth International Conference on Pattern Recognition 2:278-85. [GB]
271. Rosch, E., Mervis, C. B., Gray, W. D., Johnson, D. M. & Boyes-Braem. P. (1976) Basic objects in natural categories. Cognitive Psychology 8:382-439. [DRA, aSE]
272. Rumelhart, D. E. (1980) Schemata: The building blocks of cognition. In: Theoretical issues in reading and comprehension, ed. R. J. Spiro, B. Bruce & W. F. Brewer. Erlbaum. [aSE]
273. Runeson, S. (1977) On the possibility of "smart" perceptual mechanisms. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 18:172-79. [HE]
274. Saarinen, J. & Julesz, B. (1991) The speed of attentional shifts in the visual field. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 88:1812-14. [EP]
275. Sakai, K., Naya, Y. & Miyashita, Y. (1994) Neuronal tuning and associative mechanisms in form representation. Learning and Memory 1:83-105. [aSE]
276. Salzman, C. D., Britten, K. H. & Newsome, W. T. (1990) Cortical imcrostimulation influences perceptual judgements of motion direction. Nature 346:174-77. [arSE]
277. Sato, T. (1989) Interactions of visual stimuli in the receptive fields of inferior temporal neurons in awake macaques. Experimental Brain Research 77:23-30. [MJT]
278. Saund, E. (1995) A multiple cause mixture model for unsupervised learning. Neural Computation 7:51-71. [PF]
279. Saunders, B. A. C. & van Brakel, J. (1997) Authors reply: Colour - an exosomatic organ? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20:217-32. [JvB]
280. Schack, B. & Krause, W. (1995) Dynamic power and coherence analysis of ultra short-term cognitive processes - a methodical study. Brain Topography 8:127-36. [CvL]
281. Schiele, B. & Crowley, J. L. (1996) Object recognition using multidimensional receptive field histograms. In: Proceedings of ECCV '96, lecture notes in computer science, vol. 1, ed. B. Buxton & R. Cipolla. Springer. [aSE]
282. Schmidhuber, J. (1992) Learning factorial codes by predictability minimization. Neural Computation 4:863-79. [PF]
283. Schwartz, E. L. (1985) Local and global functional architecture in primate striate cortex: Outline of a spatial mapping doctrine for perception. In: Models of the visual cortex, ed. D. Rose & V. G. Dobson. Wiley. [aSE, EP] (1977) Spatial mapping in primate sensory projection: Analytic structure and relevance to perception. Biological Cybernetics 25:181-94. [GB] (1994) Computational studies of the spatial architecture of primate visual cortex: Columns, maps, and protomaps. In: Primary visual cortex in primates, vol. 10: Cerebral cortex, ed. A. Peters & K. Rucklund. Plenum Press. [GB]
284. Schwartz, E. L. (1985) Local and global functional architecture in primate striate cortex: Outline of a spatial mapping doctrine for perception. In: Models of the visual cortex, ed. D. Rose & V. G. Dobson. Wiley. [aSE, EP] (1977) Spatial mapping in primate sensory projection: Analytic structure and relevance to perception. Biological Cybernetics 25:181-94. [GB] (1994) Computational studies of the spatial architecture of primate visual cortex: Columns, maps, and protomaps. In: Primary visual cortex in primates, vol. 10: Cerebral cortex, ed. A. Peters & K. Rucklund. Plenum Press. [GB]
285. Schwartz, E. L. (1985) Local and global functional architecture in primate striate cortex: Outline of a spatial mapping doctrine for perception. In: Models of the visual cortex, ed. D. Rose & V. G. Dobson. Wiley. [aSE, EP] (1977) Spatial mapping in primate sensory projection: Analytic structure and relevance to perception. Biological Cybernetics 25:181-94. [GB] (1994) Computational studies of the spatial architecture of primate visual cortex: Columns, maps, and protomaps. In: Primary visual cortex in primates, vol. 10: Cerebral cortex, ed. A. Peters & K. Rucklund. Plenum Press. [GB]
286. Schwartz, E. L., Desimone, R., Albright, T. & Gross, C. G. (1983) Shape recognition and inferior temporal neurons. Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences 80:5776-78. [GB, rSE]
287. Schwartz, E. L., Greve, D. & Bonmassar, G. (1995) Space-variant active vision: Definition, overview and examples. Neural Networks 8(7/8):1297-1308. [GB]
288. Schyns, P. G., Goldstone, R. L. & Thibaut, J.-P. (1998) The development of features in object concepts. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21(1):1-53. [rSE]
289. Selfridge, O. G. (1959) Pandemonium: A paradigm for learning. In: The mechanisation of thought processes. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. [aSE]
290. Shapely, R., Caelli, T., Grossberg, S., Morgan, M. & Rentschler, I. (1990) Computational theories of visual perception. In: Visual perception: The neurophysiological fondations, ed. L. Spillman & J. B. Werner. Academic Press. [MJ]
291. Shepard, R. N. (1962) The analysis of proximities: Multidimensional scaling with unknown distance function, part I. Psychometrika 27(2): 125-40. [aSE] (1964) Attention and the metric structure of the stimulus space. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 1:54-87. [HE, rSE] (1968) Cognitive psychology: A review of the book by U. Neisser. American Journal of Psychology 81:285-89. [aSE, MJ] (1980) Multidimensional scaling, tree-fitting, and clustering. Science 210:390-97. [aSE] (1984) Ecological constraints on internal representation: Resonant kinematics of perceiving, imagining, thinking, and dreaming. Psychological Review 91:417-47. [aSE] (1987) Toward a universal law of generalization for psychological science. Science 237:1317-23. [arSE, MJ]
292. Shepard, R. N. (1962) The analysis of proximities: Multidimensional scaling with unknown distance function, part I. Psychometrika 27(2): 125-40. [aSE] (1964) Attention and the metric structure of the stimulus space. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 1:54-87. [HE, rSE] (1968) Cognitive psychology: A review of the book by U. Neisser. American Journal of Psychology 81:285-89. [aSE, MJ] (1980) Multidimensional scaling, tree-fitting, and clustering. Science 210:390-97. [aSE] (1984) Ecological constraints on internal representation: Resonant kinematics of perceiving, imagining, thinking, and dreaming. Psychological Review 91:417-47. [aSE] (1987) Toward a universal law of generalization for psychological science. Science 237:1317-23. [arSE, MJ]
293. Shepard, R. N. (1962) The analysis of proximities: Multidimensional scaling with unknown distance function, part I. Psychometrika 27(2): 125-40. [aSE] (1964) Attention and the metric structure of the stimulus space. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 1:54-87. [HE, rSE] (1968) Cognitive psychology: A review of the book by U. Neisser. American Journal of Psychology 81:285-89. [aSE, MJ] (1980) Multidimensional scaling, tree-fitting, and clustering. Science 210:390-97. [aSE] (1984) Ecological constraints on internal representation: Resonant kinematics of perceiving, imagining, thinking, and dreaming. Psychological Review 91:417-47. [aSE] (1987) Toward a universal law of generalization for psychological science. Science 237:1317-23. [arSE, MJ]
294. Shepard, R. N. (1962) The analysis of proximities: Multidimensional scaling with unknown distance function, part I. Psychometrika 27(2): 125-40. [aSE] (1964) Attention and the metric structure of the stimulus space. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 1:54-87. [HE, rSE] (1968) Cognitive psychology: A review of the book by U. Neisser. American Journal of Psychology 81:285-89. [aSE, MJ] (1980) Multidimensional scaling, tree-fitting, and clustering. Science 210:390-97. [aSE] (1984) Ecological constraints on internal representation: Resonant kinematics of perceiving, imagining, thinking, and dreaming. Psychological Review 91:417-47. [aSE] (1987) Toward a universal law of generalization for psychological science. Science 237:1317-23. [arSE, MJ]
295. Shepard, R. N. (1962) The analysis of proximities: Multidimensional scaling with unknown distance function, part I. Psychometrika 27(2): 125-40. [aSE] (1964) Attention and the metric structure of the stimulus space. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 1:54-87. [HE, rSE] (1968) Cognitive psychology: A review of the book by U. Neisser. American Journal of Psychology 81:285-89. [aSE, MJ] (1980) Multidimensional scaling, tree-fitting, and clustering. Science 210:390-97. [aSE] (1984) Ecological constraints on internal representation: Resonant kinematics of perceiving, imagining, thinking, and dreaming. Psychological Review 91:417-47. [aSE] (1987) Toward a universal law of generalization for psychological science. Science 237:1317-23. [arSE, MJ]
296. Shepard, R. N. (1962) The analysis of proximities: Multidimensional scaling with unknown distance function, part I. Psychometrika 27(2): 125-40. [aSE] (1964) Attention and the metric structure of the stimulus space. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 1:54-87. [HE, rSE] (1968) Cognitive psychology: A review of the book by U. Neisser. American Journal of Psychology 81:285-89. [aSE, MJ] (1980) Multidimensional scaling, tree-fitting, and clustering. Science 210:390-97. [aSE] (1984) Ecological constraints on internal representation: Resonant kinematics of perceiving, imagining, thinking, and dreaming. Psychological Review 91:417-47. [aSE] (1987) Toward a universal law of generalization for psychological science. Science 237:1317-23. [arSE, MJ]
297. Shepard, R. N. & Arabie, P. (1979) Additive clustering: Representation of similarities as combinations of discrete overlapping properties. Psychological Review 86:87-123. [aSE]
298. Shepard, R. N. & Cermak, G. W. (1973) Perceptual-cognitive explorations of a toroidal set of free-form stimuli. Cognitive Psychology 4:351-77. [arSE]
299. Shepard, R. N. & Chipman, S. (1970) Second-order isomorphism of internal representations: Shapes of states. Cognitive Psychology 1:1-17. [HE, aSE]
300. Shepard, R. N. & Kannappan, S. (1993) Connectionist implementation of a theory of generalization. In: Advances in neural information processing systems 5, ed. S. J. Hanson, J. D. Cowan & C. L. Giles. Morgan Kaufmann. [aSE]
301. Simard, P., Victorri, B., LeCun, Y. & Denker, J. (1992) Tangent prop - a formalism for specifying selected invariances in an adaptive network. In: Neural information processing systems, vol. 4, ed. J. Moody, R. Lippman & S. J. Hanson. Morgan Kaufmann. [aSE]
302. Simonson, I. & Tversky, A. (1992) Choice in context: Tradeoff contrast and extremeness aversion. Journal of Marketing Research 29:281-95. [ABM]
303. Sjöberg, L. & Thorslund, C. (1979) A classificatory theory of similarity. Psychological Research 40:223-47. [HE]
304. Smith, L. B., Gasser, M. & Sandhofer, C. M. (1997) Learning to talk about the properties of objects: A network model of the development of dimensions. In: Mechanisms of perceptual learning, ed. D. Medin, R. Goldstone & P. Schyns. Academic Press. [rSE]
305. Snippe, H. P & Koenderink, J. J. (1992) Discrimination thresholds for channel-coded systems. Biological Cybernetics 66:543-51. [aSE]
306. Sokolov, E. N. (1994) Vector coding in neuronal nets: Color vision. In: Origins: Brain and self organization, ed. K. H. Pribram. Erlbaum. [ENS]
307. Spinoza, B. (1677/1981) The ethics. J. Simon, Publisher. [aSE]
308. Stellman, U. (1992) Ähnlichkeitserlialtende Codierung. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Ulm. [GP]
309. Sugihara, T., Edelman, S. & Tanaka, K. (1998) Representation of objective similarity in the monkey. Biological Cybernetics 78:1-7. [aSE]
310. Sundararaman, D. (1980) Moduli, deformations and classifications of compact complex manifolds. Pitman. [aSE]
311. Suppes, P., Pavel, M. & Falmagne, J. (1994) Representations and models in psychology. Annual Review of Psychology 45:517-44. [aSE]
312. Sutcliffe, J. P. (1986) Differential ordering of objects and attributes. Pstjchometrika 51:209-40. [CL]
313. Tanaka, J. & Gauthier, I. (1997) Expertise in object and face recognition. In: Mechanisms of perceptual learning, ed. D. Medin, R. Goldstone & P. Schyns. Academic Press. [rSE]
314. Tanaka, K. (1992) Inferotemporal cortex and higher visual functions. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 2:502-505. [aSE] (1993a) Neuronal mechanisms of object recognition. Science 262:685-88. [aSE] (1993b) Column structure of inferotemporal cortex: "Visual alphabet" or "differential amplifiers"? In: Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Neural Networks-93, Nagoya. [rSE] (1996) Inferotemporal cortex and object vision. Annual Review of Neuroscience 19:109-39. [rSE] Also in: Vision and movement mechanisms in the cerebral cortex, ed. R. Caminiti, K. P. Hoffman, F. Lacquaniti & J. Altman. HFSP. [MJT]
315. Tanaka, K. (1992) Inferotemporal cortex and higher visual functions. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 2:502-505. [aSE] (1993a) Neuronal mechanisms of object recognition. Science 262:685-88. [aSE] (1993b) Column structure of inferotemporal cortex: "Visual alphabet" or "differential amplifiers"? In: Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Neural Networks-93, Nagoya. [rSE] (1996) Inferotemporal cortex and object vision. Annual Review of Neuroscience 19:109-39. [rSE] Also in: Vision and movement mechanisms in the cerebral cortex, ed. R. Caminiti, K. P. Hoffman, F. Lacquaniti & J. Altman. HFSP. [MJT]
316. Tanaka, K. (1992) Inferotemporal cortex and higher visual functions. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 2:502-505. [aSE] (1993a) Neuronal mechanisms of object recognition. Science 262:685-88. [aSE] (1993b) Column structure of inferotemporal cortex: "Visual alphabet" or "differential amplifiers"? In: Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Neural Networks-93, Nagoya. [rSE] (1996) Inferotemporal cortex and object vision. Annual Review of Neuroscience 19:109-39. [rSE] Also in: Vision and movement mechanisms in the cerebral cortex, ed. R. Caminiti, K. P. Hoffman, F. Lacquaniti & J. Altman. HFSP. [MJT]
317. Tanaka, K. (1992) Inferotemporal cortex and higher visual functions. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 2:502-505. [aSE] (1993a) Neuronal mechanisms of object recognition. Science 262:685-88. [aSE] (1993b) Column structure of inferotemporal cortex: "Visual alphabet" or "differential amplifiers"? In: Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Neural Networks-93, Nagoya. [rSE] (1996) Inferotemporal cortex and object vision. Annual Review of Neuroscience 19:109-39. [rSE] Also in: Vision and movement mechanisms in the cerebral cortex, ed. R. Caminiti, K. P. Hoffman, F. Lacquaniti & J. Altman. HFSP. [MJT]
318. Tanaka, K. (1992) Inferotemporal cortex and higher visual functions. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 2:502-505. [aSE] (1993a) Neuronal mechanisms of object recognition. Science 262:685-88. [aSE] (1993b) Column structure of inferotemporal cortex: "Visual alphabet" or "differential amplifiers"? In: Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Neural Networks-93, Nagoya. [rSE] (1996) Inferotemporal cortex and object vision. Annual Review of Neuroscience 19:109-39. [rSE] Also in: Vision and movement mechanisms in the cerebral cortex, ed. R. Caminiti, K. P. Hoffman, F. Lacquaniti & J. Altman. HFSP. [MJT]
319. Tanaka, K., Saito, H., Fukada, Y. & Moriya, M. (1991) Coding visual images of objects in the inferotemporal cortex of the macaque monkey. Journal of Neurophysiology 66:170-89. [aSE, MJT]
320. Tarr, M. J., Bülthoff, H. H., Zabinski, M. & Blanz, V. (197) To what extent do unique parts influence recognition across changes in viewpoint? Psychological Science 8:282-89. [rSE]
321. Thurber, J. (1943) Men, women and dogs. Harcourt, Brace. [HE]
322. Tootell, R. B., Silverman, M. S., Switkes, E. & deValois, R. (1985) Deoxyglucose, retinotopic mapping and the complex log model in striate cortex. Science 227:1066. [GB]
323. Tovée, M. J. (1995) Face recognition: What are faces for? Current Biology 5:480-82. [MJT]
324. Tovée, M. J., Rolls, E. T. & Azzopardi, P. (1994) Translation invariance in the responses to faces of single neurons in the temporal visual cortical areas of the alert monkey. Journal of Neurophysiology 72:1049-60. [rSE]
325. Tovée, M. J., Rolls, E. T. & Ramachandran, V. S. (1996) Rapid visual learning in the neurons of the primate temporal visual cortex. Neuroreport 7:2757-60. [MJT]
326. Treisman, A. M. & Gelade, G. (1980) A feature-integration theory of attention. Cognitive Psychology 12:97-136. [RLG]
327. Tversky, A. (1977) Features of similarity. Psychological Review 84:327-52. [arSE]
328. Tverskv, A. & Gati, D. (1978) Studies of similarity. In: Cognition and categorization, ed. E. Rosch & B. Lloyd. Erlbaum. [aSE] (1982) Similarity, separability, and the triangle inequality. Psychological Review 89(2): 123-54. [RAMG, ABM]
329. Tverskv, A. & Gati, D. (1978) Studies of similarity. In: Cognition and categorization, ed. E. Rosch & B. Lloyd. Erlbaum. [aSE] (1982) Similarity, separability, and the triangle inequality. Psychological Review 89(2): 123-54. [RAMG, ABM]
330. Ullman, S. (1980) Against direct perception. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3:373-416. [aSE] (1989) Aligning pictorial descriptions: An approach to object recognition. Cognition 32:193-254. [aSE] (1995) Sequence-seeking and counter-streams: A model for information (low in the cortex. Cerebral Cortex 5:1-11. [aSE]
331. Ullman, S. (1980) Against direct perception. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3:373-416. [aSE] (1989) Aligning pictorial descriptions: An approach to object recognition. Cognition 32:193-254. [aSE] (1995) Sequence-seeking and counter-streams: A model for information (low in the cortex. Cerebral Cortex 5:1-11. [aSE]
332. Ullman, S. (1980) Against direct perception. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3:373-416. [aSE] (1989) Aligning pictorial descriptions: An approach to object recognition. Cognition 32:193-254. [aSE] (1995) Sequence-seeking and counter-streams: A model for information (low in the cortex. Cerebral Cortex 5:1-11. [aSE]
333. Unzicker, A., Jüttner, M. & Rentschler, I. (in press) Similarity models of human visual recognition. Vision Research. [rSE, MJ]
334. Väisälä, J. (1971) lectures on n-dimensional quasiconformal mappings. Lecture notes in mathematics, 229. Springer-Verlag. (1992) Domains and maps. In: Quasiconformal space mappings. Lecture notes in mathematics, 1508, ed. M. Vuorinen. Springer-Verlag. [aSE]
335. Väisälä, J. (1971) lectures on n-dimensional quasiconformal mappings. Lecture notes in mathematics, 229. Springer-Verlag. (1992) Domains and maps. In: Quasiconformal space mappings. Lecture notes in mathematics, 1508, ed. M. Vuorinen. Springer-Verlag. [aSE]
336. van Brakel, J. (1991) Meaning, prototypes and the future of cognitive science. Minds and Machine 1:233-57. [JvB] (1993) The plasticity of categories: The case of colour. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 44:103-35. [JvB]
337. van Brakel, J. (1991) Meaning, prototypes and the future of cognitive science. Minds and Machine 1:233-57. [JvB] (1993) The plasticity of categories: The case of colour. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 44:103-35. [JvB]
338. van Essen, D. C., Newsome, W. T. & Maunsell, J. H. R. (1984) The visual representation in striate cortex of the macaque monkey: Asymmetries, anisotropies, and individual variability. Vision Research 24:429-48. [GB]
339. van Leeuwen, C. (1997) Dynamical models of perceptual grouping. In: Systems theories and a priori aspects of perception, ed. J. S. Jordan. Elsevier. [CvL] (1990) Indeterminacy of the isomorphism heuristic. Psychological Research 52:1-4. [CvL]
340. van Leeuwen, C. (1997) Dynamical models of perceptual grouping. In: Systems theories and a priori aspects of perception, ed. J. S. Jordan. Elsevier. [CvL] (1990) Indeterminacy of the isomorphism heuristic. Psychological Research 52:1-4. [CvL]
341. van Leeuwen, C., Steijvers, M. & Nooter, M. (1997) Stability and intermittency in large-scale coupled oscillator models for perceptual segmentation. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 41:319-44. [CvL]
342. Verstijnen, I. M., van Leeuwen, C., Goldschmidt, G., Hamel, R. & Hennessey, J. M. (1997) Sketching and creative discovery. Design Studies. (in press). [CvL]
343. von Grünau, M., Dubé, S. & Galera, C. (1994) Local and global factors of similarity in visual search. Perception and Psychophysics 55:575-92. [HE]
344. von Helmholtz, H. (1856/1964) Unconscious conclusions. In: Visual perception: The nineteenth century, ed. W. N. Dember. Wiley. [aSE]
345. Wang, G., Tanaka, K. & Tanifuji, M. (1996) Optical imaging of functional organization in the monkey inferotemporal cortex. Science 272:1665-67. [MJT]
346. Watanabe, S. (1985a) Pattern recognition: Human and mechanical. Wiley. [rSE] (1985b) Pattern-recognition as value-oriented ponderation. In: Pattern recognition: Human and mechanical. Wiley. [rSE, UH]
347. Watanabe, S. (1985a) Pattern recognition: Human and mechanical. Wiley. [rSE] (1985b) Pattern-recognition as value-oriented ponderation. In: Pattern recognition: Human and mechanical. Wiley. [rSE, UH]
348. Westheimer, G. (1981) Visual hyperacuity. Progress in Sensory Physiology 1:1-37. [aSE]
349. Williamson, J. R. (1996) Gaussian ARTMAP: A neural network for fast incremental learning of noisy multidimensional maps. Neural Networks 9:881-97. [SG, JRW] (1997) A constructive, incremental-learning network for mixture modeling and classification. Neural Computation 9:1555-81. [JRW]
350. Williamson, J. R. (1996) Gaussian ARTMAP: A neural network for fast incremental learning of noisy multidimensional maps. Neural Networks 9:881-97. [SG, JRW] (1997) A constructive, incremental-learning network for mixture modeling and classification. Neural Computation 9:1555-81. [JRW]
351. Willshaw, D. J., Buneman, O. P. & Longuet-Higgins, H. C. (1969) Non-holographic associative memory. Nature 222:960-62. [rSE]
352. Young, A. W. (1992) Face recognition impairments. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 335:47-54. [MJT]
353. Young, M. P. (1995) Open questions about the neural mechanisms of visual pattern recognition. In: The cognitive neurosciences, ed. M. S. Gazzaniga. MIT Press. [MJT]
354. Young, M. P. & Yamane, S. (1992) Sparse population coding of faces in the inferotemporal cortex. Science 256:1327-31. [aSE]
355. Zorich, V. A. (1992). The global homeoniorphism theorem for space quasiconformal mappings. In: Quasiconformal space mappings. Lecture notes in mathematics, 1508, ed. M. Vuorinen. Springer-Verlag. [aSE]