Valuing the temperate rainforest: Wild mushrooming on the Olympic Peninsula Biosphere Reserve

Ambio

Volumn 27, Issue SPEC. ISS. 9, 1998, Pages 16-25

  Love, Thomas ^a   Jones, Eric ^b,c   Liegel, Leon ^d  

^a LINFIELD COLLEGE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS   (United States)

^c Pacific Northwest Research Station ^*  (United States)

^d PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FOREST RESOURCE; HARVESTING; MUSHROOM; NONTIMBER FOREST PRODUCT; RAINFOREST;

UNITED STATES;

CANTHARELLUS CIBARIUS; CANTHARELLUS FORMOSUS; CANTHARELLUS SUBALBIDUS;

EID: 0031729489     PISSN: 00447447     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. von Hagen, B., Weigand, J.F , McLain, R , Fight, R and Christensen, C. 1996. Conservation and Development of Nontimber Forest Products in the Pacific Northwest: An Annotated Bibliography. USDA Forest Service Gen Tech Rep. PNW-GTR-375, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland. Oregon, USA
2. We adopt an ideational conception of culture, following such influential anthropologists as Roger Keesing, Ward Goodenough, and Clifford Geertz Much of the literature on "social values" conflates the rather different aspects or components of culture. The authors are steeped in the conflict tradition of social theorizing.
3. Bernard, H.R. 1994 Research Methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches (2nd ed.). Sage Publishing, Thousand Oaks, California, USA.
4. Lofland, J. and Lofland, L.H. 1995. Analyzing Social Settings: A Guide to Qualitative Observation and Analysis Wadsworth Publishing Co , Belmont, California, USA.
5. The mail survey reply rate was too low to be useful. An oral historical approach would have yielded much useful information and insight.
6. Our reliance on Peninsula buying stations as sues fur contacting commercial harvesters over-represented local Euro-Americans and under-represented commuter Southeast Asians. The latter sell most collected mushrooms off the Peninsula
7. Weber, M. 1978 Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology. Roth, G and Wittich, C (eds). Univ of California Press, Berkeley, California, USA.
8. Eriksen, TH. 1993 Ethnicity and Nationalism: Anthropological Perspectives. Pluto Press, London, United Kingdom.
9. Suttles, Wayne P. (ed.). 1990. Handbook of North American Indians Vol. 7. North-west Coast. Smithsoman Institution. Washington, DC. USA.
10. Kuhnlein, H.V. and Turner, N J. 1991. Traditional Plant Foods of Canadian Indigenous Peoples. Nutrition, Botany and Use. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
11. Richards, R. 1997. What the natives know: wild mushrooms and forest health J. For. 95. 4-10.
12. Nash, J. 1994. Global integration and subsistence insecurity. Am Anthropol. 96. 7-30
13. McLain, R.J., Christensen, C.H. and Shannon, M.A. When amateurs are the experts: amateur mycologists and wild mushroom politics in the Pacific Northwest. USA. Soc. Nat. Res. (In press).
14. Arora, D. 1991. All that the Rain Promises und More..: A Htp Pocket Guide to Western Mushrooms. Ten Speed Press, Berkeley, California. USA.
15. Fine, G.A. 1987 Community and boundary: personal experience stones of mushroom collectors J. Folklore Res. 24, 223-240.
16. Fine, G.A. 1997. Naturework and the laming of the wild the problem of "ovetpick" in the culture of mushroomers. Social Problems 44, 68-88.
17. Love, T. 1977 Ecological niche theory in sociocultural anthropology, a conceptual framework and an application Am. Ethnol. 4, 27-41
18. Bennett, J.W. 1976. The Ecological Transition: Cultural Anthropology and Human Adaptation. Pergamon Press, New York, USA.
19. Norvell, L. 1995 Loving the chanterelle to death? The ten-year Oregon chanterelle project. McIlvainea 12, 6-24
20. Egli, S., Ayer F. and Chatelain, F. 1990 Der Einfluss des Ptlzsammelns auf die Pilzflora, Myc. Hel 3, 417-428. (In German).
21. O'Dell, T. E. and Ammirati J.F. 1996. Ecology of ectomycorrhizal fungi in Old-growth Pseudotsuga menziesii-Tsuga heterophylla forests of Olympic National Park In: Managing Forest Ecosystems to Conserve Fungus Diversity and Sustain Wild Mushroom Harvests. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-371. Pilz, D and Molina, R. (eds). Portland, Oregon, USA. pp. 19-22.
22. McLain, R.J., Jones, E.T. and Liegel, L H. 1996. A Teaching Case Study Integrating the Biological, Socio-economic, and Managerial Concerns of Sustaining Chanterelle Mushroom Harvest on the Olympic Peninsula Part I, Teaching Notes: Part II. Narrative. Unpub. document. Oregon State University. Sustainable Forestry Partnership. Corvallis, OR, USA.
23. Though harvester estimations of income refer to chanterelles as well as other mushrooms picked and sold, chanterelles are the predominate mushroom harv ested in the fall season, when we conducted field work.
24. Love, T. and Jones, E. Mushroom harvesters is managers? Excluding local knowledge and the paradigm crisis of temperate forestry Unpubl manuscript. Linfield College, McMinnville, Oregon. USA.
25. We find Fine's 1997 symbolic interactionist approach to this question stimulating (see Note 16). That key cultural postulates underlie recreational and commercial harvesters' attitudes and practices is a crucial aspect of the problem. But Fine's abstraction of these elements of worldview from their historical and spatial contexts hinders an otherwise valuable contribution.
26. The MAB Study Public Forum we helped organize in November 1996 in Shelton, Washington, was the first event on the Peninsula to integrate viewpoints of all harvester groups Nevertheless, the commercial harvester perspective was still underrepresented, especially that of ethnic minorities. Transcripts of the three roundtable discussions (The Value of the Harvest. Regulation, and Is the Way We Harvest Sustainable?) held at this event are available from Love.
27. Love, T and Jones, E. 1997. Grounds for argument' Local understandings, science and global processes in special forest products harvesting. In. Special Forest Products: Blodiversity Meets the Marketplace. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech Rep. GTR-WO-63 Vance, N (ed) Washington, DC, USA.
28. McCay, B.J. and Acheson, J.M. (eds) 1987. The Question of the Commons: The Culture and Ecology of Communal Resources University of Arizona Press, Tucson, USA.
29. Special acknowledgments are extended to: Sherry Epperson-Fisk carried out valuable fieldwork during the fal 1994 picking season. Bettina von Hagen made valuable contributions at several points Dave Pilz and Jeri Peck provided excellent critical feed-hack on initial drafts of this paper. Staff at the USDA Forest Service Olympic National Forest generously contributed office and lodging space. We also thank David Arora, Alex Wegmann, Carol Mortland, Rebecca McLain, Richard Hansis, Ian Fisk, and the Washington Dept. of Parks and Recreation for facilitating lodging in fall 1994 and Shirlcy and Dallas Jones for invaluable transcription work. We arc indebted to the many commercial harvesters and buyers who shared information and experiences with us, as well as the many recreational harvesters who spent much time discussing harvesting and other resource issues, especially participants at the fall 1996 Puget Sound Mycological Society mushroom show in Seattle, Washington, USA.