An institutional experience with cervical vagus nerve trunk stimulation for medically refractory epilepsy: Rationale, technique, and outcome

Neurosurgery

Volumn 43, Issue 6, 1998, Pages 1265-1280

  Amar, Arun Paul ^a   Heck, Christi N ^b   Levy, Michael L ^a,b   Smith, Thomas ^b   DeGiorgio, Christopher M ^b   Oviedo, Sandra ^b   Apuzzo, Michael L J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Epilepsy; Epilepsy surgery; Vagus nerve; Vagus stimulation

Indexed keywords

ACETAZOLAMIDE; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; CARBAMAZEPINE; CLONAZEPAM; GABAPENTIN; LAMOTRIGINE; LORAZEPAM; PHENOBARBITAL; PHENYTOIN; PLATINUM; VALPROIC ACID;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMPLEX PARTIAL SEIZURE; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSSOVER PROCEDURE; DEVICE; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; EPILEPSY; FEMALE; GRAND MAL SEIZURE; HUMAN; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PULSE GENERATOR; QUALITY OF LIFE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; VAGUS NERVE STIMULATION;

EID: 0031729110     PISSN: 0148396X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00006123-199812000-00001     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Agnew WF, McCreery DB: Considerations for safety with chronically implanted nerve electrodes. Epilepsia 31[Suppl 2]:S27-S32, 1990.
2. Bailey P, Bremer F: A sensory cortical representation of the vagus nerve with a note on the effects of low blood pressure on the cortical electrogram. J Neurophysiol 1:405-412, 1938.
3. 2O blood flow imaging. Neurosurgery 39:430-431, 1996 (comment).
4. Ben-Menachem E, Hamberger A, Hedner T, Hammond EJ, Uthman BM, Slater J, Treig T, Stefan H, Ramsay RE, Wernicke JF, Wilder BJ: Effects of vagus nerve stimulation on amino acids and other metabolites in the CSF of patients with partial seizures. Epilepsy Res 20:221-227, 1995.
5. Ben-Menachem E, Manon-Espaillat R, Ristanovic R, Wilder BJ, Stefan H, Mirza W, Tarver WB, Wernicke JF, First International Vagus Nerve Stimulation Study Group: Vagus nerve stimulation for treatment of partial seizures: 1 - A controlled study of effect on seizures. Epilepsia 35:616-626, 1994.
6. Chase MH, Nakamura Y, Clemente CD, Sterman MB: Afferent vagal stimulation: Neurographic correlates of induced EEG synchronization and desynchronization. Brain Res 5:236-249, 1967.
7. Clarke BM, Upton ARM, Griffin HM: Acute effects of high frequency vagal nerve stimulation on balance and cognitive motor performance in epilepsy: Three case study reports. PACE Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 15:1608-1613, 1992.
8. Clarke BM, Upton ARM, Griffin HM: Cognitive motor function after electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve. PACE Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 15:1603-1607, 1992.
9. Clarke BM, Upton ARM, Kamath M, Griffin HM: Electrostimulation effects of the vagus nerve on balance in epilepsy. PACE Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 15:1614-1630, 1992.
10. Cyberonics, data on file.
11. DeGiorgio C, Handforth A, Schachter S, Uthman B, Naritoku D, Tecoma E, Henry T, Collins S, Vaughn B, Gilmartin R, Labar D, Morris G, Salinsky M, Osorio I, Ristanovic R, Labiner D, Jones J, Murphy J, Ney G, Wheless J, Tarver B, Duffell W, US EO5 Vagus Nerve Stimulation Study Group: Multicenter, double blind, controlled trial of vagus nerve stimulation for medically intractable partial-onset seizures: Initial report of the United States EO5 study. Epilepsia 38[Suppl 8]:133, 1997 (abstr).
12. Devinsky O, Pacia S: Epilepsy surgery. Neurol Clin N Am 11: 951-971, 1993.
13. Engel J: Update on surgical treatment of the epilepsies: Summary of the second international Palm Desert conference on the surgical treatment of the epilepsies. Neurology 43:1612-1617, 1993.
14. Engel J: Surgery for seizures. N Engl J Med 334:647-652, 1996.
15. Garnett ES, Nahmias C, Scheffel A, Firnau G, Upton ARM: Regional cerebral blood flow in man manipulated by direct vagal stimulation. PACE Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 15:1579-1580, 1992.
16. George R, Salinsky M, Kuzniecky R, Rosenfeld W, Bergen D, Tarver WB, Wernicke JF, First International Vagus Nerve Stimulation Study Group: Vagus nerve stimulation for treatment of partial seizures: 3 - Long-term follow-up on first 67 patients exiting a controlled study. Epilepsia 35:637-643, 1994.
17. Hammond EJ, Uthman BM, Reid SA, Wilder BJ: Electrophysiological studies of cervical vagus nerve stimulation in humans: I - EEG effects. Epilepsia 33:1013-1020, 1992.
18. Hammond EJ, Uthman BM, Reid SA, Wilder BJ: Electrophysiological studies of cervical vagus nerve stimulation in humans: II - Evoked potentials. Epilepsia 33:1021-1028, 1992.
19. Hammond EJ, Uthman BM, Reid SA, Wilder BJ, Ramsay RE: Vagus nerve stimulation in humans: Neurophysiological studies and electrophysiological monitoring. Epilepsia 31[Suppl 2]:S51-S59, 1990.
20. Hammond EJ, Uthman BM, Wilder BJ, Ben-Menachem E, Hamberger A, Hedner T, Ekman R: Neurochemical effects of vagus nerve stimulation in humans. Brain Res 583:300-303, 1992.
21. Handforth A, DeGiorgio CM, Schachter SC, Uthman BM, Naritoku DK, Tecoma ES, Henry TR, Collins SD, Vaughn BV, Gilmartin RC, Labar DR, Morris GL, Salinsky MC, Osorio I, Ristanovic RK, Labiner DM, Jones JC, Murphy JV, Ney GC, Wheless JW: Vagus nerve stimulation for partial-onset seizures: A randomized active-control trial. Neurology 51:48-55, 1998.
22. Henry TR, Bakay RAE, Votaw JR, Pennell PB, Epstein CM, Faber TL, Grafton ST, Hoffman JM: Acute vagus nerve stimulation selectively alters blood flow in somatosensory and limbic cortex and the cerebellum of patients with complex partial seizures. Epilepsia 38[Suppl 8]:144, 1997 (abstr).
23. Holder LK, Wernicke JF, Tarver WB: Treatment of refractory partial seizures: Preliminary results of a controlled study. PACE Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 15:1557-1571, 1992.
24. Kamath MV, Upton ARM, Talalla A, Fallen EL: Effect of vagal nerve electrostimulation on the power spectrum of heart rate variability in man. PACE Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 15:235-243, 1992.
25. Kamath MV, Upton ARM, Talalla A, Fallen EL: Neurocardiac responses to vagoafferent electrostimulation in humans. PACE Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 15:1581-1587, 1992.
26. 2O blood flow imaging. Neurosurgery 39:426-430, 1996.
27. Landy HJ, Ramsay RE, Slater J, Casiano RR, Morgan R: Vagus nerve stimulation for complex partial seizures: Surgical technique, safety, and efficacy. J Neurosurg 78:26-31, 1993.
28. Lockard JS, Congdon WC, DuCharme LL: Feasibility and safety of vagal stimulation in monkey model. Epilepsia 31[Suppl 2]:S20-S26, 1990.
29. McLachlan RS: Suppression of interictal spikes and seizures by stimulation of the vagus nerve. Epilepsia 34:918-923, 1993.
30. Murphy JV, Hornig G, Schallert G: Left vagal nerve stimulation in children with refractory epilepsy: Preliminary observations. Arch Neurol 52:886-889, 1995.
31. Naritoku DK, Morales A, Pencek TL, Winkler D: Chronic vagus nerve stimulation increases the latency of the thalamocortical somatosensory evoked potential. PACE Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 15:1572-1578, 1992.
32. Naritoku DK, Terry WJ, Helfert RH: Regional induction of fos immunoreactivity in the brain by anticonvulsant stimulation of the vagus nerve. Epilepsy Res 22:53-62, 1995.
33. NIH Consensus Conference: Surgery for epilepsy. JAMA 264: 729-733, 1990.
34. O'Donoghue MF, Sander JWAS: The mortality associated with epilepsy, with particular reference to sudden unexpected death: A review. Epilepsia 38[Suppl 11]:S15-S19, 1997.
35. Penry JK, Dean JC: Prevention of intractable partial seizures by intermittent vagal stimulation in humans: Preliminary results. Epilepsia 31[Suppl 2]:S40-S43, 1990.
36. Porter RJ: Epilepsy: Prevalence, classification, diagnosis, and prognosis, in Apuzzo MLJ (ed): Neurosurgical Aspects of Epilepsy. Park Ridge, AANS, 1991, pp 17-26.
37. Ramsay RE, Uthman BM, Augustinsson LE, Upton ARM, Naritoku D, Willis J, Treig T, Barolat G, Wernicke JF, First International Vagus Nerve Stimulation Study Group: Vagus nerve stimulation for treatment of partial seizures: 2 - Safety, side effects, and tolerability. Epilepsia 35:627-636, 1994.
38. Reid SA: Surgical technique for implantation of the neurocybernetic prosthesis. Epilepsia 31[Suppl 2]:538-539, 1990.
39. Ricardo JA, Koh ET: Anatomical evidence of direct projections from the nucleus of the solitary tract to the hypothalamus, amygdala, and other forebrain structures in the rat. Brain Res 153:1-26, 1978.
40. Rutecki P: Anatomical, physiological, and theoretical basis for the antiepileptic effect of vagus nerve stimulation. Epilepsia 31[Suppl 2]:S1-S6, 1990.
41. Salinsky MC, Burchiel KJ: Vagus nerve stimulation has no effect on awake EEG rhythms in humans. Epilepsia 34:299-304, 1993.
42. Salinsky MC, Uthman BM, Ristanovic RK, Wernicke JF, Tarver WB, Vagus Nerve Stimulation Study Group: Vagus nerve stimulation for the treatment of medically intractable seizures: Results of a 1 year open-extension trial. Arch Neurol 53:1176-1180, 1996.
43. Takaya M, Terry WJ, Naritoku DK: Vagus nerve stimulation induces a sustained anticonvulsant effect. Epilepsia 37:1111-1116, 1996.
44. Tarver WB, George RE, Maschino SE, Holder LK, Wernicke JF: Clinical experience with a helical bipolar stimulating lead. PACE Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 15:1545-1556, 1992.
45. Terry R, Tarver WB, Zabara J: An implantable neurocybernetic prosthesis system. Epilepsia 31[Suppl 2]:S33-S37, 1990.
46. Terry RS, Tarver WB, Zabara J: The implantable neurocybernetic prosthesis system. PACE Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 14:86-93, 1991.
47. Tougas G, Fitzpatrick D, Hudoba P, Talalla A, Shine G, Hunt RH, Upton ARM: Effects of chronic left vagal stimulation on visceral vagal function in man. PACE Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 15: 1588-1596, 1992.
48. Tougas G, Hudoba P, Fitzpatrick D, Hunt RH, Upton ARM: Cerebral-evoked potential responses following direct vagal and esophageal electrical stimulation in humans. Am J Physiol 264: G486-G491, 1993.
49. Upton ARM: Editorial. PACE Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 15: 1543-1544, 1992.
50. Upton ARM, Tougas G, Talalla A, White A, Hudoba P, Fitzpatrick D, Clarke B, Hunt R: Neurophysiological effects of left vagal stimulation in man. PACE Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 14:70-76, 1991.
51. Uthman BM, Wilder BJ, Hammond EJ, Reid SA: Efficacy and safety of vagus nerve stimulation in patients with complex partial seizures. Epilepsia 31[Suppl 2]:S44-S50, 1990.
52. Uthman BM, Wilder BJ, Penry JK, Dean C, Ramsay RE, Reid SA, Hammond EJ, Tarver WB, Wernicke JF: Treatment of epilepsy by stimulation of the vagus nerve. Neurology 43:1338-1345, 1993.
53. Vagus Nerve Stimulation Study Group: A randomized controlled trial of chronic vagus nerve stimulation for treatment of medically intractable seizures. Neurology 45:224-230, 1995.
54. Wilder BJ: Summary and conclusions. Epilepsia 31[Suppl 2]:S60, 1990.
55. Wilder BJ, Uthman BM, Hammond EJ: Vagal stimulation for control of complex partial seizures in medically refractory epileptic patients. PACE Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 14:108-115, 1991.
56. Woodbury DM, Woodbury JW: Effects of vagal nerve stimulation on experimentally induced seizures in rats. Epilepsia 31[Suppl 2]:S7-S19, 1990.
57. Woodbury JW, Woodbury DM: Vagal stimulation reduces the severity of maximal electroshock seizures in intact rats: Use of a cuff electrode for stimulating and recording. PACE Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 14:94-107, 1991.
58. Zabara J: Inhibition of experimental seizures in canines by repetitive vagal stimulation. Epilepsia 33:1005-1012, 1992.
59. Zanchetti A, Wang SC, Moruzzi G: The effect of vagal afferent stimulation on the EEG pattern of the cat. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 4:357-361, 1952.