Possible role(s) of neurokinins in CNS development and neurodegenerative or other disorders

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

Volumn 22, Issue 6, 1998, Pages 789-813

  Raffa, Robert B ^a  

^a TEMPLE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF PHARMACY   (United States)

Author keywords

Neurodegenerative disorders; Neurokinins; Neuroprotection; Suibstance P

Indexed keywords

NEUROKININ DERIVATIVE; TACHYKININ RECEPTOR;

ALCOHOLISM; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; AMNESIA; AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS; ANTINOCICEPTION; ANXIETY NEUROSIS; BRAIN DEVELOPMENT; BRAIN PROTECTION; CONFERENCE PAPER; DEGENERATIVE DISEASE; DEPRESSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; HORMONE ACTION; HUMAN; HUNTINGTON CHOREA; NERVOUS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; NEUROPATHOLOGY; NEUROPROTECTION; PARKINSON DISEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCHIZOPHRENIA; STRESS;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMALS; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; HUMANS; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; TACHYKININS;

EID: 0031725485     PISSN: 01497634     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0149-7634(97)00070-5     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (307)

1. Advenier C., Naline E., Drapeau G., Regoli D. Relative potencies of neurokinins in guinea pig trachea and human bronchus. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 139:1987;133-139.
2. 2) receptor. Br. J. Pharmacol. 105:1992;77P.
3. Allen J. M.et al. Neuropeptides and dopamine in the marmoset. Effect of treatment with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP): an animal model of Parkinson's disease? Brain. 109:1986;143-157.
4. Almay B. G. L., Johansson F., Von Knorring L., Le Grevés P., Terenius L. Substance P in CSF of patients with chronic pain syndrome. Pain. 33:1988;3-9.
5. Arefolov V. A., Malikova L. A., Val'dman A. V., Nieber K., Oehme P. Effect of the N-terminal fragment of substance P1-4 on the somatic manifestations of the stress reaction and on the catecholamine content of the adrenals in rats. Biulleten Eksperimentalnoi Biologii I Meditsiny. 107:1989;201-204.
6. Armstrong D. M., Terry R. D. Substance P like immunoreactivity within neuritic plaques. Neurosci. Lett. 58:1985;139-144.
7. Armstrong D. M., Benzing W. C., Evans J., Terry R. D., Shields D., Hansen L. A. Substance P and somatostatin coexist within neuritic plaques: implications for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci. 31:1989;663-671.
8. Aronin N.et al. Somatostatin is increased in the basal ganglia in Huntington disease. Ann. Neurol. 13:1983;519-526.
9. Asanuma M., Ogawa N., Sora Y. H., Pongdhana K., Haba K., Mori A. Alterations of somatostatin and its modulation by levodopa in MPTP-treated mouse brain. J. Neurol. Sci. 100:1990;155-160.
10. Åsberg M., Bertilsson L., Mårtensson B., Scalia-Tomba G.-P., Thorén P., Träskman-Bendz L. CSF monoamine metabolites in melancholia. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 69:1984;201-219.
11. Ashton N., Argent B. E., Green R. Effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide, bombesin and substance P on fluid secretion by isolated rat pancreatic ducts. J. Physiol. 427:1990;471-482.
12. Ballati L., Evangelista S., Maggi C. A., Manzini S. Effect of selective tachykinin receptor antagonists on capsaicin- and tachykinin-induced bronchospasm in anaesthetized guinea-pigs. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 214:1992;215-221.
13. Bannon M. J., Lee J.-M., Giraud P., Young A., Affolter H.-U., Bonner T. I. Dopamine antagonist haloperidol decreases substance P, substance K, and preprotachykinin mRNAs in rat striatonigral neurons. J. Biol. Chem. 261:1986;6640-6642.
14. Barany S., Ingvast A., Gunne L. M. Development of acute dystonia and tardive dyskinesia in Cebus monkeys. Res. Comm. Chem. Path. Pharmacol. 25:1979;269-279.
15. Barden N., Daigle M., Picard V., Di Paolo T. Perturbation of rat brain serotonergic systems results in an inverse relation between substance P and serotonin concentrations measured in discrete nuclei. J. Neurochem. 41:1983;834-840.
16. Barker R. A. Substance P and Parkinson's disease: a causal relationship? J. Theor. Biol. 120:1986;353-362.
17. Barker R. Substance P and neurodegenerative disorders: a speculative review. Neuropeptides. 20:1991;73-78.
18. Barnes P. J., Minette P., Maclagan J. Muscarinic receptor subtypes in airways. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 9:1988;412-416.
19. Baruch, P. et al., Effects of tachykinins on dopamine release in the striatum: in vitro and in vivo studies. In: Henry, J.L., Couture, R., Cuello, A.C., Pelletier, G., Quirion, R., Regoli. D., eds., Substance P and Neurokinins, Proceedings of Substance P and Neurokinins - Montréal '86. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1987:308-310.
20. Bayorth M. A., Feuerstein G. Bombesin and substance P modulate peripheral sympathetic and cardiovascular activity. Peptides. 6(1):1985;115-120.
21. Beal M. F., Martin J. B. Neuropeptides in neurological disease. Annals Neurol. 20:1986;547-565.
22. Beal M. F., Mazurek M. F. Substance P-like immunoreactivity is reduced in Alzheimer's disease cerebral cortex. Neurol. 37:1987;1205-1209.
23. Beal M. F.et al. A detailed examination of substance P in pathologically graded cases of Huntington's disease. J. Neurol. Sci. 84:1988;51-61.
24. Beal M. F., Swartz K. J., Finn S. F., Bird E. D., Martin J. B. Amino acid and neuropeptide neurotransmitters in Huntington's disease cerebellum. Brain Res. 454:1988;393-396.
25. Bernstein J. M. The role of the autonomic nervous system and inflammatory mediators in nasal hyperreactivity: a review. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 105:1991;596-607.
26. Berretini W. H., Rubinow D. R., Nurnberger J. I. Jr., Simmons-Alling S., Post R. M., Gershon E. S. CSF substance P immunoreactivity in affective disorders. Biol. Psychiatr. 20:1985;965-970.
27. Bird E. D. Chemical pathology of Huntington's disease. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 20:1980;533-551.
28. Bjorklund H., Dalsgaard C. J., Jonsson C. E., Hermansson A. Sensory and autonomic innervation of non-hairy human skin: an immunohistochemical study. Cell. Tiss. Res. 243:1986;51-57.
29. Bouras C., Vallet P. G., Hof P. R., Charnay Y., Golaz J., Constantinidis J. Substance P immunoreactivity in Alzheimer disease: a study in cases presenting symmetric or asymmetric cortical atrophy. Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disorders. 4:1990;24-34.
30. Brattström A., Seidenbecher T. Central substance P increased blood pressure, heart rate and splanchnic nerve activity in anaesthetized rats without impairment of the baroreflex regulation. Neuropeptides. 23:1992;81-86.
31. Brodin E., Peterson L.-L., Ögren S.-O., Bartfai T. Chronic treatment with the serotonin uptake inhibitor zimelidine elevates substance P levels in rat spinal cord. Acta Physiol. Scand. 122:1984;209-211.
32. Brodin E., Ögren S. O., Theodorsson-Norheim E. Effects of subchronic treatment with imipramine, zimelidine and alaproclate on regional tissue levels of substance P- and neurokinin A/neurokinin B-like immunoreactivity in the brain and spinal cord of the rat. Neuropharmacol. 26:1987;581-590.
33. Brodin K., Rosén A., Iwarsson K., Ögren S.-O., Brodin E. Increased levels of substance P and cholecystokinin in rat cerebral cortex following repeated electroconvulsive shock and subchronic treatment with a serotonin uptake inhibitor. Acta Physiol. Scand. 136:1989;613-614.
34. Buck, S.H., The Tachykinin Receptors. Humana Press, Clifton, NJ, 1994.
35. Buck S. H., Burks T. F., Brown M. R., Yamamura H. I. Reduction in basal ganglia and substantia nigra substance P levels in Huntington's disease. Brain Res. 209:1981;464-469.
36. Buck S. H., Helke C. J., Burcher E., Shults C. W., O'Donohue T. L. Pharmacologic characterization and autoradiographic distribution of binding sites for iodinated tachykinins in rat central nervous system. Peptides. 7:1986;1109-1120.
37. Buell G.et al. Molecular characterisation, expression and localisation of human neurokinin-3 receptor. FEBS Lett. 299:1992;90-95.
38. Burns R. S., Chiueh C. C., Markey S. P., Ebert M. H., Jacobowitz D. M., Kopin I. J. A primate model of Parkinsonism: selective destruction of dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra by N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 80:1983;4546-4550.
39. Calcutt N. A., Tomlinson D. R., Willars G. B., Keen P. Axonal transport of substance P-like immunoreactivity in ganglioside-treated diabetic rats. J. Neurol. Sci. 96:1990;283-291.
40. Carter D., Lightman S. L. Cardiorespiratory actions of substance P, TRH and 5-HT in the nucleus tractus solitarius of rats: evidence for functional interactions of neuropeptides and amine neurotransmitters. Neuropeptides. 6:1985;425-436.
41. Chan-Palay V., Jonsson G., Palay S. L. Serotonin and substance P coexist in neurons of the rat's central nervous system. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 75:1978;1582-1586.
42. Charl L. A. Antidromic vasodilatation and neurogenic inflammation. Pharmacol. Therapeutics. 37:1988;275-300.
43. Chen Z., Hedner J., Hedner T. Antagonistic effects of somatostatin and substance P on respiratory regulation in the rat ventrolateral medulla. Brain Res. 556:1991;13-21.
44. Chen Z., Hedner J., Hedner T. Local effects of substance P on respiratory regulation in the medulla oblongata. Acta Physiol. Scand. 68:1990;693-699.
45. 7,9)-SP in the ventrolateral rat medulla. Acta Physiol. Scand. 134:1990;153-154.
46. Chiba Y., Kawai K., Okuda Y., Munekata E., Yamashita K. Effects of substance P and substance P-(6-11) on hormone release from isolated perfused pancreas: their opposite actions on rat and canine islets. Endocrinology. 117:1985;1996-2000.
47. Clevens R. A., Beal M. F. Substance P-like immunoreactivity in brains with pathological features of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Brain Res. 486:1989;387-390.
48. Constantinidis J., Bouras C., Richard J. Putative peptide neurotransmitters in human neuropathology: a review of topography and clinical implications. Clin. Neuropharmacol. 2:1983;47-54.
49. Costall B., Jones B. J., Kelly M. E., Naylor R. J., Tomkins D. M. Exploration of mice in black and white test box. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 32:1989;777-785.
50. Cramer H., Schaudt D., Rissler K., Strubel D., Warter J. M., Kuntzmann F. Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity and substance P-like immunoreactivity in the CSF of patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type, multi-infarct syndrome and communicating hydrocephalus. J. Neurol. 232:1985;346-351.
51. Cramer H., Rissler K., Rösler N., Strubel D., Schaudt D., Kuntzmann F. Immunoreactive substance P and somatostatin in the cerebrospinal fluid of senile Parkinsonian patients. Eur. Neurol. 29:1989;1-5.
52. Cramer H., Jost S., Reuner C., Milios E., Geiger J., Mundinger F. Ventricular fluid neuropeptides in Parkinson's disease: II. Levels of substance P-like immunoreactivity. Neuropeptides. 18:1991;69-73.
53. Crawley J.N., Goodwin F. K. Preliminary report of a simple animal behaviour model for the anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepines. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 13:1980;167-170.
54. Crystal H. A., Davies P. Cortical substance P-like immunoreactivity in cases of Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. J. Neurochem. 38:1982;1781-1784.
55. Cuello, A.C. et al., Distribution and release of substance P in the central nervous system. In: Hughes, J. ed., Centrally Acting Peptides. MacMillan, New York, 1977:1-51.
56. Czlonkowski A., Höllt V., Herz A. Binding of opiates and endogenous opioid peptides to neuroleptic receptor sites in the corpus striatum. Life Sci. 22:1978;953-962.
57. Dalsgaard C. J., Rydh K., Haegerstrand A. Cutaneous innervation in man visualized with protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) antibodies. Histochem. 92:1989;385-390.
58. Davies P., Katzman R., Terry R. D. Reduced somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in cerebral cortex from cases of Alzheimer disease and Alzheimer senile dementia. Nature. 288:1980;279-280.
59. Davis G. C.et al. Chronic Parkinsonism secondary to intravenous injection of meperidine analogues. Psychiatry Res. 1:1979;249-254.
60. De Caro G., Massi M., Micossi L. G. Antidipsogenic effect of intracranial injections of substance P to rats. J. Physiol. (Lond.). 279:1978;133-140.
61. De Caro G., Micossi L. G., Piccinin G. L. Antidipsogenic effect of intraventricular administration of eledoisin to rats. Pharmacol. Res. Commun. 9:1977;489-500.
62. De Caro, G.; Perfumi, M.; Massi, M., Tachykinins and body fluid regulation. In: Epstein, A.N., Morrison, A., eds., Progress in Psychobiology and Physiological Psychology, Vol. 13. Academic Press, London, 1988:31-61.
63. De Giorgio R., Sternini C., Anderson K., Brecha N. C., Go V. L. Tissue distribution and innervation pattern of peptide immunoreactivities in the rat pancreas. Peptides. 13:1992;91-98.
64. Detera-Wadleigh S. D., de Miguel C., Berrettini W. H., DeLisi L. E., Goldin L. R., Gershon E. S. Neuropeptide gene polymorphisms in affective disorder and schizophrenia. J. Psychiatr. Res. 21:1987;581-587.
65. Diemel L. T., Stevens E. J., Willars G. B., Tomlinson D. R. Depletion of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in sciatic nerve of rats with experimental diabetes: effects of insulin and aldose reductase inhibition. Neurosci. Letts. 137:1992;253-256.
66. Diez-Guerra F. J., Veira J. A. R., Augood S., Emson P. C. Ontogeny of the novel tachykinins neurokinin A, neurokinin B and neuropeptide K in the rat central nervous system. Regul. Peptides. 25:1989;87-97.
67. Dray A., Urban L. New pharmacological strategies for pain relief. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 36:1996;253-280.
68. Ebadi M., Hama Y. Dopamine, GABA, cholecystokinin and opioids in neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia. Neurosci. Biobehav. Revs. 12:1988;179-187.
69. Efendic', S.; Luft, R.; Pernow, B., Effect of substance P on arginine-induced insulin and glucagon release from the isolated perfused pancreas. In: Von Euler, U.S., Pernow, B., eds., Substance P. Raven Press, New York, 1977, pp. 241-245.
70. Eglezos A., Andrews P. V., Boyd R. L., Helme R. D. Review: Modulation of the immune response by tachykinins. Immunol. Cell Biol. 69:1991;285-294.
71. 2) receptor. Life Sci./Pharmacol. Lett. 50:1992;PL101-PL106.
72. 3 receptor. Life Sci./Pharmacol. Lett. 56:1995;PL27-PL32.
73. Emson P. C., Arregui A., Clement-Jones V., Sandberg B. E. B., Rossor M. Regional distribution of methionine-enkephalin and substance P-like immunoreactivity in normal human brain and in Huntington's disease. Brain Res. 199:1980;147-160.
74. Evseev V. A., Davydova T. V., Fomina V. G., Oeme P., Odariuk I. U. Use of substance P fragments in experimental treatment of alcoholism (in Russian). Patologich. Fiziol. i Eksper. Terapiya. 6:1990;30-32.
75. Fallon J. H., Moore R. Y. Catecholamine innervation of the basal forebrain: IV. Topography of the dopamine projection to the basal forebrain and neostriatum. J. Comp. Neurol. 180:1978;545-580.
76. Farber E. M., Lanigan S. W., Rein G. The role of psychoneuroimmunology in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Cutis. 46:1990;314-316.
77. Ferrier I. N.et al. Neuropeptides in Alzheimer type dementia. J. Neurol. Sci. 62:1983;159-170.
78. Fink T., Weihe E. Multiple neuropeptides in nerves supplying mammalian lymph nodes: messenger candidates for sensory and autonomic neuro-immunomodulation. Neurosci. Letts. 90:1988;39-44.
79. Fonnum F., Grofová I., Rinvik E., Storm-Mathisen J., Walberg F. Origin and distribution of glutamate decarboxylase in substantia nigra of the cat. Brain Res. 71:1974;77-92.
80. Frederiksen P. K. Baclofen in the treatment of schizophrenia. Lancet. 1:1975;702-703.
81. Frossard N., Advenier C. Tachykinin receptors in the airways. Life Sci. 49:1991;1941-1953.
82. Fuxe, K. et al., The role of noradrenaline and adrenaline neuron systems and substance P in the control of central cardiovascular functions. Perspectives in Cardiovasc. Res., 1981, 6 (CNS mechanisms in hypertension), 89-1130.
83. Gaffori O., Stewart J. M., De Wied D. Influence of substance P and fragments on passive avoidance behavior. Experientia. 40:1984;89-91.
84. Galaburda, A., Clinical studies of developmental and acquired neurobehavioral disorders and their possible immunological bases. In: Cotman, C.W., Brinton, R.E., Galaburda, A., McEwen B., Schneider, D.M., eds., The Neuro-Immune-Endocrine Connection. Raven Press, New York, 1987, pp. 117-144.
85. Gale J. S., Bird E. D., Spokes E. G., Iversen L. L., Jessell T. M. Human brain substance P: distribution in controls and Huntington's chorea. J. Neurochem. 30:1978;633-634.
86. Gale K., Hong J.-S., Guidotti A. Presence of substance P and GABA in separate striatonigral pathways. Brain Res. 136:1977;371-375.
87. Geppetti P.et al. Substance P-like immunoreactivity in capsaicin-sensitive structures of the rat thymus. Reg. Pept. 18:1987;321-329.
88. Geppetti P.et al. Capsaicin-sensitive tachykininlike immunoreactivity in the thymus of rats and guinea-pig. J. Neuroimmunol. 19:1988;3-9.
89. Gerard N. P.et al. Human substance P receptor (NK-1): organization of the gene, chromosome localization, and functional expression of cDNA clones. Biochem. 30:1991;10640-10646.
90. Gerard N. P., Eddy R. L. Jr., Shows T. B., Gerard C. The human neurokinin A (substance K) receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 265:1990;20455-20462.
91. Gillberg P.-G., Aquilonius S.-M., Eckernås S.-Å., Lundqvist G., Winblad B. Choline acetyltransferase and substance P-like immunoreactivity in the human spinal cord: changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain Res. 250:1982;394-397.
92. Girolomoni G., Giannetti A. Neuropeptides and the skin: morphological, functional and physiological aspects. Giornale Italiano Di Dermatologia E Venereologia. 124:1989;121-140.
93. Gottfries C. G. Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia: biochemical characteristics and aspects of treatment. Psychopharmacol. 86:1985;245-252.
94. Grafe M. R., Forno L. S., Eng L. F. Immunocytochemical studies of substance P and Met-enkephalin in the basal ganglia and substantia nigra in Huntington's, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 44:1985;47-59.
95. Grofová I. The identification of striatal and pallidal neurons projecting to substantia nigra. An experimental study by means of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. Brain Res. 91:1975;286-291.
96. Grofová I., Rinvik E. An experimental electron microscopic study on the striatonigral projection in the cat. Exp. Brain Res. 11:1970;249-262.
97. Grupp L. A., Perlanski E., Waless I. R., Stewart R. B. Voluntary alcohol intake in the hypertension prone Dahl rat. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 24:1986;1167-1174.
98. Grupp L. A., Stewart R. B., Perlanski E. Salt restriction and the voluntary intake of ethanol in rats. Physiol. Psychol. 12:1984;242-246.
99. Grupp L. A., Perlanski E., Stewart R. B. Dietary salt and DOCA-salt treatments modify ethanol self-selection in rats. Behav. Neural Biol. 40:1984;239-250.
100. Gunne L. M., Barany S. Haloperidol-induced tardive dyskinesia in monkeys. Psychopharmacol. 50:1976;237-240.
101. Gusella J. F.et al. A polymorphic DNA marker genetically linked to Huntington's disease. Nature (London). 306:1983;234-238.
102. Haeusler G., Osterwalder R. Evidence suggesting a transmitter or neuromodulatory role for substance P at the first synapse of the baroreceptor reflex. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol. 314:1980;111-121.
103. Hall A. K., Barnes P. J., Meldrum L. A., Maclaga J. Facilitation by tachykinins of neurotransmission in guinea-pig pulmonary parasympathetic nerves. Br. J. Pharmacol. 97:1989;274-280.
104. Halliday G. M., Blumbergs P. C., Cotton R. G. H., Blessing W. W., Geffen L. B. Loss of brainstem serotonin- and substance P-containing neurons in Parkinson's disease. Brain Res. 510:1990;104-107.
105. Halliday G. M.et al. Neuropathology of immunohistochemically identified brainstem neurons in Parkinson's disease. Annals Neurol. 27:1990;373-385.
106. Hallman H., Olson L., Jonsson G. Neurotoxicity of the meperidine analogue N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine on brain catecholamine neurons in the mouse. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 97:1984;133-136.
107. Hanson G. R., Alphs L., Wolf W., Levine R., Lovenberg W. Haloperidol-induced reduction of nigral substance P-like immunoreactivity: a probe for the interactions between dopamine and substance P neuronal systems. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 218:1981;568-574.
108. Hartung H.-P., Wolters K., Toyka K. V. Substance P: binding properties and studies on cellular responses in guinea-pig macrophages. J. Immunol. 136:1986;3856-3863.
109. Hasenohrl R. U., Oitzl M. S., Huston J. P. Conditioned place preference in the corral: a procedure for measuring reinforcing properties of drugs. J. Neurosci. Methods. 30:1989;141-146.
110. Heikkilä L., Rimó R., Terenius L. Dynorphin A and substance P in the cerebrospinal fluid of schizophrenic patients. Psychiatry Res. 34:1990;229-236.
111. Helke C. J., O'Donohue T. L., Jacobowitz D. M. Substance P as a baro- and chemoreceptor afferent neurotransmitter: immunocytochemical and neurochemical evidence in the rat. Peptides. 1:1980;1-9.
112. Helke C. J. Neuroanatomical localization of substance P: implications for central cardiovascular control. Peptides. 3:1982;479-483.
113. Helke C. J., Krause J. E., Mantyh P. W., Couture R., Bannon M. J. Diversity in mammalian tachykinin peptidergic neurons: multiple peptides, receptors, and regulatory mechanisms. FASEB J. 4:1990;1606-1615.
114. Herrera-Marschitz, M., et al., Different functional roles for substance P and dynorphin in the striato-nigral pathways of the rat. In: Henry, J.L., Couture, R., Cuello, A.C., Pelletier, G., Quirion, R., Regoli, D., eds., Substance P and Neurokinins, Proceedings of Substance P and Neurokinins - Montréal '86. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1987:354-355.
115. Hirano A. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinsonism-dementia complex on Guam: immunohistochemical studies. Keio J. Med. 41:1992;6-9.
116. Hökfelt T.et al. Immunohistochemical evidence of substance P-like immunoreactivity in some 5-hydroxytryptamine-containing neurons in the rat central nervous system. Neurosci. 3:1978;517-538.
117. Holzer P. Local effector functions of capsaicin-sensitive sensory endings: involvement of tachykinin, calcitonin gene related peptide and other neuropeptides. Neurosci. 24:1988;739-768.
118. Holzer P., Bucsics A., Lembeck F. Distribution of capsaicin-sensitive nerve fibres containing immunoreactive substance P in cutaneous and visceral tissues in the rat. Neurosci. Letts. 31:1982;253-257.
119. Hong J. S., Yang H.-Y. T., Costa E. Substance P content of substantia nigra after chronic treatment with antipsychotic drugs. Neuropharmacol. 17:1978;83-85.
120. Honkaniemi J. Colocalization of peptide- and tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactivities with Fos-immunoreactive neurons in rat central amygdaloid nucleus after immobilization stress. Brain Res. 598:1992;107-113.
121. Hopkins B., Powell S. J., Dankal P., Briggs I., Graham A. Isolation and characterization of the human lung NK-1 receptor cDNA. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 180:1991;1110-1117.
122. Hornykiewicz O. Dopamine (3-hydroxytyramine) and brain function. Pharmacol. Revs. 18:1966;925-964.
123. Huang R.-R. C., Cheung A. H., Mazina K. E., Strader C. D., Fong T. M. cDNA sequence and heterologous expression of the human neurokinin-3 receptor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 184:1992;966-972.
124. 2 receptors. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 239:1993;103-109.
125. Huberdeau, D.; Kérouac, R.; Gupta, A.; Couture, R., Spinal actions of substance P on cardiovascular responses in the rat. In: Henry, J.L., Couture, R., Cuello, A.C., Pelletier, G., Quirion, R., Regoli, D., eds., Substance P and Neurokinins, Proceedings of Substance P and Neurokinins - Montréal '86. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1987:324-327.
126. Hunter J. C., Hannah P. A., Maggio J. E. The regional distribution of kassinin-like immunoreactivity in central and peripheral tissues of the cat. Brain Res. 341:1985;228-232.
127. Husain M. M., Nemeroff C. B. Neuropeptides and Alzheimer's disease. J. Amer. Geriatrics Soc. 38:1990;918-925.
128. Huston J. P., Oitzl M. S. The relationship between reinforcement and memory: parallels in the rewarding and mnemonic effects of the neuropeptide substance P. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 13:1989;171-180.
129. Huston J. P., Stäubli U. Retrograde amnesia produced by post-trial injection of substance P into substantia nigra. Brain Res. 159:1978;468-472.
130. Huston J. P., Stäubli U. Post-trial injection of substance P into lateral hypothalamus and amygdala, respectively, facilitates and impairs learning. Behav. Neural Biol. 27:1979;244-248.
131. Hyyppä M. K.et al. Neuropeptide converting enzyme activities in CSF of low back pain patients. Pain. 43:1990;163-168.
132. Iadarola M. J., Ofri D., Kleinman J. E. Enkephalin, dynorphin and substance P in postmortem substantia nigra from normals and schizophrenic patients. Life Sci. 48:1991;1919-1930.
133. Ichikawa H.et al. Changes in neuropeptides in various areas of postmortem brains of schizophrenic patients. Neurochem. Res. 9:1984;1161.
134. Inagaki S.et al. Ontogeny of substance P-containing neuron system of the rat: immunohistochemical analysis: I. Forebrain and upper brainstem. Neurosci. 7:1982;251-277.
135. Inagaki S.et al. Regional distribution of substance P in the frog brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 201:1981;243-254.
136. Innis R. B., Andrade R., Aghajanian G. K. Substance K excites dopaminergic and non dopaminergic neurons in rat substantia nigra. Brain Res. 335:1985;381-383.
137. Inoue K., Sakai Y., Homma I. An ubiquitous modulating function of rabbit tracheal epithelium: degradation of tachykinins. Br. J. Pharmacol. 105:1992;393-399.
138. Jacoby D. B., Fryer A. D. Abnormalities in neural control of smooth muscle in virus-infected airways. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 11:1990;393-395.
139. James T. A., Starr M. S. Effects of substance P injected into the substantia nigra. Br. J. Pharmacol. 64:1979;423-429.
140. Jeurissen F.et al. Monocytes express a non-neurokinin substance P receptor that is functionally coupled to MAP kinase. J. Immunol. 152:1994;2987-2994.
141. Johansson P. E., Terenius L., Häggström J.-E., Gunne L. Neuropeptide changes in a primate model (Cebus-apella) for tardive dyskinesia. Neurosci. 37:1990;563-567.
142. Johnstone E. C., Crow T. J., Frith C. D., Carney M. W. P., Price J. S. Mechanism of the antipsychotic effect in the treatment of acute schizophrenia. Lancet. 1:1978;848-851.
143. Jones R. S. G., Olpe H.-R. Monoaminergic modulation of the sensitivity of neurons in the cingulate cortex to iontophoretically applied substance P. Brain Res. 311:1984;297-305.
144. Jonsson G., Hallman H. Substance P counteracts neurotoxin damage on norepinephrine neurons in rat brain during ontogeny. Science. 215:1982;75-77.
145. Jonsson G., Hallman H. Substance P modifies the 6-hydroxydopamine induced alteration of postnatal development of central noradrenaline neurons. Neuroscience. 7:1982;2909-2918.
146. Jonsson G., Hallman H. Effect of substance P on the 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine induced alteration of postnatal development of central serotonin neurons. Med. Biol. 61:1983;105-112.
147. Jonsson G., Hallman H. Effect of substance P on neonatally axotomized noradrenaline neurons in rat brain. Med. Biol. 61:1983;179-185.
148. Kaiya H.et al. Substance P-like immunoreactivity in plasma of psychotic patients and effects of neuroleptics and electroconvulsive therapy. Psychiatry Res. 5:1981;11-21.
149. Kanazawa I.et al. Studies on neurotransmitter markers and striatal neuronal cell density in Huntington's disease and dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy. J. Neurol. Sci. 70:1985;151-165.
150. Kanazawa I.et al. Substance P: decrease in substantia nigra and globus pallidus in Huntington's disease. Adv. Neurol. 23:1979;495-504.
151. Kanazawa I., Emson P. C., Cuello A. C. Evidence for the existence of substance P-containing fibers in striato-nigral and pallido-nigral pathways in rat brain. Brain Res. 119:1977;447-453.
152. Kanazawa I., Bird E., O'Connell R., Powell D. Evidence for a decrease in substance P content of substantia nigra in Huntington's chorea. Brain Res. 120:1977;387-392.
153. Katagiri T., Kuzirai T., Nihei K., Honda K., Sasaki H., Polak J. M. Immunocytochemical study of Onuf's nucleus in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Jpn. J. Med. 27:1988;23-28.
154. Kawai K.et al. Effects of neuromedin B on insulin and glucagon release from the isolated perfused rat pancreas. Endocrinologia Japonica. 36:1989;587-594.
155. Keeler J. R., Charlton C. G., Helke C. J. Cardiovascular effects of spinal cord substance P: studies with a stable receptor agonist. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 233:1985;755-760.
156. Kelley A., Iversen S. Substance P infusion into substantia nigra of the rat: behavioural analysis and involvement of striatal dopamine. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 60:1979;171-179.
157. Kimball E. S., Persico F. J., Vaught J. L. Neurokinin-induced generation of interleukin-1 in a macrophage cell line. Advances in Neuroimmunology, Annal of the New York Academy of Sciences. 540:1988;688-690.
158. Kitayama I.et al. Chronic immobilization stress: evidence for decreases of 5-hydroxy-tryptamine immunoreactivity and for increases of glucocorticoid receptor immunoreactivity in various brain regions of the male rat. J. Neural Transm. 77:1989;93-130.
159. Kleinman J. E., Hong J., Iadarola M., Govoni S., Gillin C. J. Neuropeptides in human brain postmortem studies. Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiat. 9:1985;91-95.
160. Kopin I. J. The pharmacology of Parkinson's disease therapy: an update. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 32:1993;467-495.
161. Kowall N. W., Beal M. F., Busciglio J., Duffy L. K., Yankner B. A. An in vivo model for the neurodegenerative effects of β amyloid and protection by substance P. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 88:1991;7247-7251.
162. Krause, J.E.; Sachais, B.S.; Blount, P., Tachykinin receptors. In: Peroutka, S.J., ed., Handbook of Receptors and Channels: G Protein-Coupled Receptors. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1994, pp. 277-298.
163. Kris R. M.et al. Cloning and expression of the human substance K receptor and analysis of its role in mitogenesis. Cell Growth Differentiation. 2:1991;15-22.
164. Kwok, Y.N., Effect of substance P and neurokinins on the endocrine secretion of the pancreas and stomach. In: Henry, J.L., Couture, R., Cuello, A.C., Pelletier, G., Quirion, R., Regoli, D., eds., Substance P and Neurokinins, Proceedings of Substance P and Neurokinins - Montréal '86. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1987, pp. 214-216.
165. Lapin I. P., Oxenkrug G. F. Intensification of the central serotonergic processes as a possible determinant of the thymoleptic effect. Lancet. 1:1969;132-136.
166. Leake A., Ferrier I. N. Alterations in neuropeptides in aging and disease. Pathophysiology and potential for clinical intervention. Drugs and Aging. 3:1993;408-427.
167. 3H-apomorphine in schizophrenic brain. Nature (London). 274:1978;897-900.
168. Lindefors N., Brodin E., Ungerstedt U. Neuroleptic treatment induces region-specific changes in levels of neurokinin A and substance P in rat brain. Neuropeptides. 7:1986;265-280.
169. Lindefors N., Brodin E., Ungerstedt U. Neurokinin A and substance P in striato-nigral neurons in rat brain. Neuropeptides. 8:1986;127-132.
170. Lindefors N., Brodin E., Ungerstedt U. Subchronic haloperidol treatment decreases the in vivo release of tachykinins in rat substantia nigra. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 161:1989;95-98.
171. Loewy A. D., Neil J. J. The role of descending monoaminersic systems in central control of blood pressure. Fed. Proc., 40:1981;2778-2785.
172. Lowe J. A. IIIet al. The discovery of (2S,3S)-cis-2-(diphenylmethyl)-N-((2-methoxylphenyl)methyl)-1-azabicyclo(2.2.2)- octan-3-amine as a novel, nonpeptide substance P antagonist. J. Med. Chem. 35:1992;2591-2600.
173. Lundberg J. M., Saria A., Brodin E., Rosell S., Folkers K. A substance P antagonist inhibits vagally induced increase in vascular permeability and bronchial smooth muscle contraction in the guinea-pig. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 80:1983;1120-1124.
174. Macris N. T., Schiavi R. C., Camerino M. S., Stein M. Effect of hypothalamic lesions on immune processes in the guinea pig. Am. J. Physiol. 219:1970;1205-1209.
175. Magnusson T., Carlsson A., Fisher G. H., Chang D., Folkers K. Effect of synthetic substance P on monoaminergic mechanisms in brain. J. Neural Trans. 38:1976;89-93.
176. Mantyh, P.W.; Vigna, S.R.; Maggio, J.E., Receptor involvement in pathology and disease. In: Buck, S.H., ed., The Tachykinin Receptors. Humana Press, Totawa, NJ, 1994, pp. 581-610.
177. Marasco W. A., Showell H. J., Becker E. L. Substance P binds the formyl-peptide chemotaxis receptor on the rabbit neutrophil. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 99:1981;1065-1072.
178. Marshall P. E., Landis D. M. D., Zalneraitis E. L. Immunocytochemical studies of substance P and leucine-enkephalin in Huntington's disease. Brain Res. 289:1983;11-26.
179. Mårtensson B., Nyberg S., Toresson G., Brodin E., Bertilsson L. Fluoxetine treatment of depression. Clinical effects, drug concentrations and monoamine metabolites and N-terminally extended substance P in cerebrospinal fluid. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 79:1989;586-596.
180. 2-microglobulin with neuropeptides in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type. J. Neuroimmunol. 48:1993;235-240.
181. Martling C.-R., Theodorsson-Norheim E., Lundberg J. M. Occurrence and effects of multiple tachykinins, substance P, neurokinin A and neurokinin K in human lower airways. Life Sci. 40:1987;1633-1643.
182. Massi M., Micossi L. G., De Caro G., Sakai R. R., Epstein A. N. Suppression of drinking but not feeding by central eledoisin and physalaemin in the rat. Appetite. 7:1986;63-70.
183. Massi M., De Caro G., Sakai R. R., Epstein A. N. Suppression of depletion-induced salt appetite by tachykinins. Physiologist. 29:1986;138.
184. Massi M., Perfumi M., De Caro G., Epstein A. N. Inhibitory effect of kassinin on salt intake induced by different natriorexigenic treatments in the rat. Brain Res. 440:1988;232-242.
185. 2-senktide, a selective neurokinin B receptor agonist, is very potent inhibitor of salt appetite in the rat. Neurosci. Lett. 92:1988;341-346.
186. Mauborgne A., Javoy-Agid F., Legrand J. C., Agid Y., Cesselin F. Decrease of substance P-like immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra and pallidum of Parkinsonian brains. Brain Res. 268:1983;167-170.
187. McGillis J. P., Organist M. L., Payan D. G. Substance P and immunoregulation. Fed. Proc. 46:1987;196-199.
188. 1) receptor antagonist. Science. 251:1991;437-439.
189. Meini S., Mak J. C. W., Rohde J. A. L., Rogers D. F. Tachykinin control of ferret airways: mucus secretion, bronchoconstriction and receptor mapping. Neuropeptides. 24:1993;81-89.
190. Michelot R., Leviel V., Giorguieff-Chesselet M. F., Chéramy A., Glowinski J. Effects of the unilateral nigral modulation of substance P transmission on the activity of the two nigral-striatal dopaminergic pathways. Life Sci. 24:1979;715-724.
191. Mitsumoto H., Hanson M. R., Chad D. A. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Recent advances in pathogenesis and therapeutic trials. Arch. Neurol. 45:1988;189-202.
192. Mitsushio H., Takashima M., Mataga N., Toru M. Effects of chronic treatment with trihexyphenidyl and carbamazepine alone or in combination with haloperidol on substance P content in rat brain: a possible implication of substance P in affective disorders. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 245:1988;982-989.
193. Morbidelli L., Maggi C. A., Ziche M. Effect of selective tachykinin receptor antagonists on the growth of human skin fibroblasts. Neuropeptides. 24:1993;335-341.
194. Morris J. C., Drazner M., Fulling K., Grant E. A., Goldring J. Clinical and pathological aspects of Parkinsonism in Alzheimer's disease. Arch. Neurol. 46:1989;651-657.
195. Murakami S.et al. The coexistence of substance P- and glutamic acid decarboxylase-like immunoreactivity in entopeduncular neurons of the rat. Brain Res. 485:1989;403-406.
196. Murakoshi T., Suzue T., Tamai S. A pharmacological study on respiratory rhythm in the isolated brainstem-spinal cord preparation of the newborn rat. Br. J. Pharmacol. 86:1985;95-104.
197. Mussap C. J., Geraghty D. P., Burcher E. Tachykinin receptors: a radioligand binding perspective. J. Neurochem. 60:1993;1987-2009.
198. Nakai K., Kasamatsu T. Accelerated regeneration of central catecholamine fibers in cat occipital cortex: effects of substance P. Brain Res. 323:1984;374-379.
199. Nakamura H., Moroji T., Nohara S., Nakamura H., Okada A. Effects of whole-body vibration stress on substance P- and neurotensin-like immunoreactivity in the rat brain. Environ. Res. 52:1990;155-163.
200. Naline E.et al. Characterization of neurokinin effects and receptor selectivity in human isolated bronchi. Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 140:1989;679-686.
201. Narumi S., Fujita T. Stimulatory effects of substance P and nerve growth factor (NGF) on neurite outgrowth in embryonic chick dorsal root ganglia. Neuropharmacol. 17:1978;73-76.
202. Narumi S., Maki Y. Stimulatory effects of substance P on neurite extension and cyclic AMP levels in cultured neuroblastoma cells. J. Neurochem. 30:1978;1321-1326.
203. Nemeroff C. B., Bissette G. Involvement of non-opioid peptides in the pathogenesis of neurological and psychiatric disorders: evidence from CSF and post-mortem studies. Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 192:1985;333-341.
204. Nilsson J., von Euler A. M., Dalsgaard C. J. Stimulation of connective tissue cell growth by substance P and substance K. Nature. 315:1985;61-63.
205. Nutt J. G., Mroz E. A., Leeman S. E., Williams A. C., Engel W. K., Chase T. N. Substance P in human cerebrospinal fluid: reductions in peripheral neuropathy and autonomic dysfunction. Neurol. 30:1980;1280-1285.
206. Oblin A., Zivkovic B., Bartholini G. Involvement of the D-2 dopamine receptor in the neuroleptic-induced decrease in nigral substance P. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 105:1984;175-177.
207. Ogawa T., Kanazawa I., Kimura S. Regional distribution of substance P, neurokinin a and neurokinin β in rat spinal cord, nerve roots and dorsal root ganglia, and the effects of dorsal root section or spinal transection. Brain Res. 359:1985;152-157.
208. Owen F., Cross A. J., Crow T. J., Longden A., Poulter M., Riley G. J. Increased dopamine-receptor sensitivity in schizophrenia. Lancet. 2:1978;223-226.
209. Palkovitz, M., Central control of blood pressure. In Catecholamines: Basic Clinical Frontiers, Proc. Fourth Int. Catecholamine Symposium, eds E. Usdin, I. J. Kopin and J. Barchas. Pergamon, Elmsford, 1979, pp. 1411-1415.
210. Pawlik W. W.et al. Role of tachykinins in the control of pancreatic secretion and circulation. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 43:1992;43-57.
211. Payan D. G., Brewster D. R., Missirian-Bastien A., Goetzl E. J. Substance P recognition of a subset of human T-lymphocytes. J. Clin. Invest. 74:1984;1532-1539.
212. Payan D. G., McGillis J. P., Goetzl E. J. Neuroimmunology. Adv. Immunol. 39:1986;299-323.
213. Pendry Y. D. Neuronal control of airways smooth muscle. Pharmacol. Ther. 57:1993;171-202.
214. Penny G. R., Afsharpour S., Kitai S. T. The glutamate decarboxylase-, leucine enkephalin-, methionine enkephalin- and substance P-immunoreactive neurons in the neostriatum of the rat and cat: evidence for partial population overlap. Neurosci. 17:1986;1011-1045.
215. Perfumi M., Polidori C., De Caro G., Massi M. Neurokinin A selectively inhibits water intake in the rat. Neuropharmacology. 27:1988;909-914.
216. 2-senktide inhibits alcohol intake in alcohol-preferring rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 38:1991;881-887.
217. Perry E. K.et al. Neurochemical activities in human temporal lobe related to aging and Alzheimer-type changes. Neurobiol. Aging. 2:1981;251-256.
218. Pezzoli G., Panerai A. E., Di Giulio A., Longo A., Passerini D., Carenzi A. Methionine-enkephalin, substance P, and homovanillic acid in the CSF of Parkinsonian patients. Neurol. 34:1984;516-519.
219. Popper P., Mantyh C. R., Vigna S. R., Maggio J. E., Mantyh P. W. The localization of sensory nerve fibres and receptor binding sites for sensory neuropeptides in canine mesenteric lymph nodes. Peptides. 9:1988;257-267.
220. Powell D., Leeman S. E., Tregear G. W., Niall H. D., Potts J. T. Radioimmunoassay for substance P. Nature New Biol. 241:1973;252.
221. Poyner, D.R.; Hanley, M.R., Molecular biology of peptide and glycoprotein hormone receptors. In: Brann, M.R., ed., Molecular Biology of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors. Birkhäuser, Boston, 1992, pp. 198-232.
222. Quigley B. J., Kowall N. W. Substance P-like immunoreactive neurons are depleted in Alzheimer's disease cerebral cortex. Neurosci. 41:1991;41-60.
223. Quirion R., Shults C. W., Moody T. W., Pert C. B., Chase T. N., O'Donohue T. L. Autoradiographic distribution of substance P receptors in rat central nervous system. Nature. 303:1983;714-716.
224. Quirion R., Dam T.-H. Ontogeny of substance P receptor binding sites in rat brain. J. Neurosci. 6:1986;2187-2199.
225. Radke J. M., Cumming P., Vincent S. R. Effects of MPTP poisoning on central somatostatin and substance P levels in the mouse. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 134:1987;105-108.
226. Raffa R. B., Mathiasen J. R., Kimball E. S., Vaught J. L. Minireview: The combined immunological and antinociceptive defects of beige-J mice: the possible existence of a "μ-repressin" Life Sci. 52:1993;1-9.
227. Regoli D., Boudon A., Fauchére J.-L. Receptors and antagonists for substance P and related peptides. Pharmacol. Revs. 46:1994;551-599.
228. Reiner A., Albin R. L., Anderson K. D., D'Amato C. J., Penney J. B., Young A. B. Differential loss of striatal projection neurons in Huntington disease. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 85:1988;5733-5737.
229. Richelson E. The newer antidepressants: structures, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and proposed mechanisms of action. Psychopharmacol. Bull. 20:1984;213-223.
230. Rimón R., Le Grevés P., Nyberg F., Heikkilä L., Salmela L., Terenius L. Elevation of substance P-like peptides in the CSF of psychiatric patients. Biol. Psychiatr. 19:1984;509-516.
231. Roberts G. W. Peptides, the limbic lobe and schizophrenia. Brain Res. 288:1983;199-211.
232. Robinson J. P., Willars G. B., Tomlinson D. R., Keen P. Axonal transport and tissue contents od substance P in rats with long-term streptozotocin-diabetes. Effects of the aldose reductase inhibitor "statil" Brain Res. 426:1987;339-348.
233. Rogers D. F., Belvisi M. G., Aursudku B., Evans T. W., Barnes P. J. Effects and interactions of sensory neuropeptides on airway microvascular leakage in guinea-pigs. Br. J. Pharmacol. 95:1988;1105-1116.
234. Rosén A., Brodin K., Eneroth P., Brodin E. Short-term restraint stress and s.c. saline injection alter the tissue levels of substance P and cholecystokinin in the peri-aqueductal grey and limbic regions of rat brain. Acta Physiol. Scand. 146:1992;341-348.
235. Rosse R. B., Allen A., Lux W. E. Baclofen treatment in a patient with tardive dystonia. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 47:1986;474-475.
236. Rossor M. N., Emson P. C. Neuropeptides in degenerative disease of the central nervous system. Trends Neurosci. 5:1982;399-401.
237. Rothman R. B., Herkenham M., Pert C. B., Liang T., Cascieri M. A. Visualization of rat brain receptors for the neuropeptide, substance P. Brain Res. 309:1984;7-54.
238. Ruff M. R., Wahl S. M., Pert C. B. Substance P mediated chemotaxis of human monocytes. Peptides. 6(2):1985;107-111.
239. 3 ligands) in the rat brain. Peptides. 9:1988;227-241.
240. Sahu A., Karla P. S., Dube M. G., Karla S. P. Neuropeptide K suppresses feeding in the rat. Regul. Pept. 23:1988;135-143.
241. Sakanaka M.et al. Ontogeny of substance P-containing neuron system of the rat: immunohistochemical analysis: II. Lower brain stem. Neurosci. 7:1982;1097-1126.
242. Sakurada T., Alufuzoff I., Winblad B., Nordberg A. Substance P-like immunoreactivity, choline acetyltransferase activity and cholinergic muscarinic receptors in Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia. Brain Res. 521:1990;329-332.
243. Schlesinger K., Lipsitz D. U., Peck P. L., Pelleymounter M. A., Stewart J. M., Chase T. N. Substance P enhancement of passive and active avoidance conditioning in mice. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 19:1983;655-661.
244. Schlesinger K., Lipsitz D. U., Peck P. L., Pelleymounter M. A. Substance P reversal of electroconvulsive shock and cycloheximide-induced retrograde amnesia. Behav. Neural Biol. 39:1983;30-39.
245. Schmidt R. E., Dorsey D. A., Roth K. A. Immunohistochemical characterization of NPY and substance P containing nerve terminals in aged and diabetic human sympathetic ganglia. Brain Res. 583:1992;320-326.
246. Schoenen J. Anatomie biochimique des systèmes peptidergiques spinaux. Etude de matérial normal et pathologique, plasticité des neuropeptides du ganglion rachidien adulte. Therapie. 45:1990;243-249.
247. Seeman P., Lee T., Chau-Wong M., Wong K. Antipsychotic drug doses and neuroleptic/dopamine receptors. Nature. 262:1976;717.
248. Selkoe D. J., Abraham C. R., Podlisny M. B., Duffy L. K. Isolation of low-molecular-weight proteins from amyloid plaque fibers in Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurochem. 46:1986;1820-1834.
249. Sheldrick R. L. G., Ball D. I., Coleman R. A. Characterization of the neurokinin receptors mediating contraction of isolated tracheal preparations from a variety of species. Agents Actions. 31:1990;205-209.
250. Shigematsu K., Saavedra J. M., Kurihara M. Specific substance P binding sites in the rat thymus and spleen: in vitro autoradiographic study. Reg. Pept. 16:1986;147-156.
251. Shigemoto R., Yokota Y., Tsuchida K., Nakanishi S. Cloning and expression of a rat neuromedin K receptor cDNA. J. Biol. Chem. 265:1990;623-628.
252. Shults C. W., Quirion R., Chronwall B., Chase T. N., O'Donohue T. L. A comparison of the anatomical distribution of substance P and substance P receptors in the rat central nervous system. Peptides. 5:1984;1097-1128.
253. Silverman R. T., Munger B. L., Walata I. The sensory innervation of the rat rhinarium. Anat. Rec. 214:1986;210-225.
254. Simpson G. M., Branchey M. H., Shrivastava R. K. Baclofen in schizophrenia. Lancet. 1:1976;966-967.
255. Sirinek L. P., O'Dorisio M. S. Modulation of immune function by intestinal neuropeptides. Acta Oncologia. 30:1991;509-517.
256. 1) receptor. Science. 251:1991;435-437.
257. 2 receptor activation. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 105:1984;185-187.
258. Srinivasan M., Goiny M., Brodin E., Pantaleo T., Yamamoto Y. Enhanced in vivo release of substance P in the nucleus tractus solitarii during hypoxia in the rabbit: role of peripheral input. Brain Res. 546:1991;211-216.
259. Stanisz A.et al. Neuropeptides and immunity. Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 136:1987;S48-S51.
260. Stanisz A. M., Scicchitano R., Dazin P., Bienenstock J., Payan D. G. Distribution of substance P receptors on murine spleen and Peyer patch T and B cells. J. Immunol. 139:1987;749-754.
261. Stäubli U., Huston J. P. Central action of substance P: possible role in reward. Behav. Neural Biol. 43:1985;100-108.
262. Stead R. H., Bienenstock J., Stanisz A. Neuropeptide regulation of mucosal immunity. Immunol. Res. 100:1987;333-359.
263. Stewart, J.M.; Miley, F.; Hall, M.E., Central modulation of blood pressure by N- and C-terminal fragments of substance P. In: Henry, J.L., Couture, R., Cuello, A.C., Pelletier, G., Quirion, R., Regoli, D., eds., Substance P and Neurokinins, Proceedings of Substance P and Neurokinins - Montréal '86. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1987:305-307.
264. Stewart R. M., Rollins J., Beckham B. Baclofen in tardive dyskinesia patients maintained on neuroleptics. Clin. Neuropharmacol. 5:1982;365-373.
265. Storey E., Beal M. F. Neurochemical substrates of rigidity and chorea in Huntington's disease. Brain. 116:1993;1201-1222.
266. Suzuki H.et al. Involvement of enzymatic degradation in the inactivation of tachykinin neurotransmitters in neonatal rat spinal cord. Br. J. Pharmacol. 113:1994;310-316.
267. Takagi H.et al. Regional distribution of substance P in the fish brain. Acta Histochem. Cytochem. 14:1981;69.
268. Takahashi K., Tanaka A., Hara M., Nakanishi S. The primary structure and gene organization of human substance P and neuromedin K receptors. Eur. J. Biochem. 204:1992;1025-1033.
269. Takeda Y., Chou K. B., Takeda J., Sachais B. S., Krause J. E. Molecular cloning, structural characterization and functional expression of the human substance P receptor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 179:1991;1232-1240.
270. Takeuchi K., Uematsu M., Ofuji M., Morikiyo M., Kaiya H. Substance P involved in mental disorders. Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiat. 12:1989;S157-S164.
271. Talman W., Reis D. Baroreflex actions of substance P microinjected into the nucleus tractus solitarii in rat: a consequence of local distortion. Brain Res. 220:1981;402-407.
272. Tanaka D. T., Grunstein M. M. Mechanisms of substance P-induced contraction of rabbit airway smooth muscle. J. Appl. Physiol. 57:1984;1551-1557.
273. Taquet H.et al. Levels of Met-enkephalin, Leu-enkephalin, substance P and cholecystokinin in the brain of the common marmoset following long term 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6,- tetrahydropyridine treatment. Neuropeptides. 12:1988;105-110.
274. Tenovuo O., Rinne U. K., Viljanen M. K. Substance P immunoreactivity in the post-mortem Parkinsonian brain. Brain Res. 303:1984;113-116.
275. Terry R. D., Katzman R. Senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Ann. Neurol. 14:1983;497-506.
276. Timmers K. I., Palkovits M., Coleman D. L. Unique alterations of neuropeptide content in median eminence, amygdala, and dorsal vagal complex of 3- and 6-week-old diabetes mutant mice. Metabolism. 11:1990;1158-1166.
277. Tomlinson D. R., Robinson J. P., Willars G. B., Keen P. A deficient axonal transport of substance P in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats: effects of sorbinil and insulin. Diabetes. 37:1988;488-493.
278. Toresson G., Brodin E., Wahlström A., Bertilsson L. Detection of N-terminally extended substance P, but not of substance P in human cerebrospinal fluid-quantitation with HPLC-RIA. J. Neurochem. 50:1988;1701-1707.
279. Toru, M.; Mitushio, H.; Takashima, M.; Shibuya, H.; Nishikawa, T., Dopamine, neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in post-mortem schizophrenic brain. In: Shagass, C., ed., Biological Psychiatry. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1985:1112-1114.
280. 6)SP(6-11) injections into the cerebral ventricles in rats. Neuropharmacol. 19:1980;607-611.
281. Unger, T.; Rockhold, R.W.; Yukimura, T.; Rettig, R.; Rascher, W.; Ganten, D., Role of kinins and substance P in the central blood pressure regulation of normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Perspectives in Cardiovasc. Res., 1981, 6 (CNS mechanisms in hypertension), 115-127.
282. Vacca L. L. Substance P appears reduced in Huntington's disease: immunocytochemical findings in substantia nigra and substantia gelatinosa. J. Submicrosc. Cytol. 15:1983;569-582.
283. Vedder H., Affolte H.-U., Otten U. Nerve growth factor (NGF) regulates tachykinin gene expression and biosynthesis in rat sensory neurons during early postnatal development. Neuropeptides. 24:1993;351-357.
284. von Euler U. S., Gaddum J. H. An unidentified depressor substance in certain tissue extracts. J. Physiol. (London). 72:1931;577-583.
285. Waldemeier P. C., Kam R., Stöcklin K. Increased dopamine metabolism in rat striatum after infusion of substance P into the substantia nigra. Brain Res. 159:1978;223-227.
286. Warden M. K., Young W. S. Distribution of cells containing mrnas encoding substance P and neurokinin B in the rat central nervous system. J. Comp. Neurol. 272:1988;90-113.
287. Watling K. J. Nonpeptide antagonists herald new era in tachykinin research. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 13:1992;266-269.
288. Webber S. E. Receptors mediating the effects of substance P and neurokinin A on mucus secretion and smooth muscle tone of the ferret trachea: potentiation by an enkephalinase inhibitor. Br. J. Pharmacol. 98:1989;1197-1206.
289. Weihe M. S., Fink T., Zentel H. J. Tachykinins, calcitonin gene-related peptide and neuropeptide Y in nerves of the mammalian thymus: interactions with mast cells in autonomic and sensory neuroimmunomodulation? Neurosci. Letts. 100:1989;77-82.
290. Westarp M. E., Föhring B., Rasmussen H., Schraff S., Martens T., Kornhuber H. H. Retroviral synthetic peptide serum antibodies in human sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Peptides. 15:1994;207-214.
291. Wiedermann C. J., Sertl K., Pert C. B. Substance P-receptors in rat spleen: characterization and autoradiographic distribution. Blood. 68:1986;1398-1401.
292. Willars G. B., Calcutt N. A., Compton A. M., Tomlinson D. R., Keen P. Substance P levels in peripheral nerve, skin, atrial myocardium and gastrointestinal tract of rats with long-term diabetes mellitus. Effects of aldose reductase inhibition. J. Neurol. Sci. 91:1989;153-164.
293. Wolff K., Stingl G. Cellular interactions and the skin: the epidermis as an immune organ. Triangle. 26:1987;139-153.
294. Wu Y. S. Observations on substance P in the brain and spinal cord in schizophrenia. Chung-Hua Shen Ching Ching Shen Ko Tsa Chih. 22:1989;231-232.
295. Yamamoto Y., Lagercrantz H. Some effects of substance P on central respiratory control in rabbit pups. Acta Physiol. Scand. 124:1985;449-455.
296. Yamamoto Y., Onimaru H., Homma I. Effect of substance P on respiratory rhythm and pre-inspiratory neurons in the ventrolateral structure of rostral medulla oblongata: an in vitro study. Brain Res. 599:1992;272-276.
297. Yamamoto Y., Lagercrantz H., von Euler C. Effects of substance P and TRH on ventilation and pattern of breathing in newborn rabbits. Acta Physiol. Scand. 113:1981;541-543.
298. Yamauchi M., Funatsu K., Nakamura J., Nagata T., Inanaga K. Effectiveness of baclofen in schizophrenia. Kurume Medical J. 24:1977;111-116.
299. Yankner B. A., Duffy L. K., Kirschner D. A. Neurotrophic and neurotoxic effects of amyloid β protein: reversal by tachykinin neuropeptides. Science. 250:1990;279-282.
300. Yashpal K., Gauthier S. G., Henry J. L. Substance P given intrathecally at the spinal T9 level increases arterial blood pressure and heart rate in the rat. J. Autonom. Nerv. Sys. 18:1987;93-103.
301. Yates C. M.et al. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and substance P immuno-reactivity in post-mortem brain from cases of Alzheimer-type dementia and Down's syndrome. Brain Res. 258:1983;45-52.
302. Young W. S., Bonner T. I., Brann M. R. Mesencephalic dopamine neurons regulate the expression of neuropeptide mRNAs in the rat forebrain. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 83:1986;9827-9831.
303. Zech M., Bogerts B. Methionine-enkephalin and substance P in the basal ganglia of normals, Parkinson patients, Huntington patients, and schizophrenics. Acta Neuropathol. 68:1985;32-38.
304. 1) receptor antagonist (±)-CP-96,345 causes sedation and motor impairment in Swiss albino mice in the black-and-white box behavioral paradigm. Neurosci. Letts. 143:1992;169-172.
305. Zhou X.-F., Livett B. G. Substance P increases catecholamine secretion from perfused rat adrenal glands evoked by prolonged field stimulation. J. Physiol. 425:1990;321-334.
306. Zhou X.-F., Livett B. G. Capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons are involved in the plasma catecholamine response of rats to selective stressors. J. Physiol. 433:1991;393-407.
307. 1 receptors mediate the proliferative response of human fibroblasts to tachykinins. Br. J. Pharmacol. 100:1990;11-14.