Evaluation of prosthetic valve function and associated complications

Cardiology Clinics

Volumn 16, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 505-530

  Barbetseas, J ^a   Zoghbi, W A ^a  

^a BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANATOMICAL VARIATION; DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH ROUTE; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; HEART FUNCTION; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS; HEART VALVE REPLACEMENT; HEART VALVE SURGERY; HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

EID: 0031723838     PISSN: 07338651     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0733-8651(05)70029-1     Document Type: Article

References (148)

1. C. Acar M. Tolan A. Berrebi Homograft replacement of the mitral valve: Graft selection, technique of implantation, and results in forty-three patients J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 111 1996 367
2. I. Afridi M.A. Apostolidou R.M. Saad Pseudoaneurysms of the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa: Dynamic characterization using transesophageal echocardiographic and Doppler techniques J Am Coll Cardiol 25 1995 137
3. M. Alam L. Glick R. Garcia Transesophageal echocardiographic features of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm resulting after mitral valve replacement surgery Am Heart J 123 1992 226
4. M. Alam S. Goldstein J.B. Lakier Echocardiographic changes in the thickness of porcine valves with time Chest 79 1981 663
5. M. Alam J.B. Serwin H.S. Rosman Transesophageal echocardiographic features of normal and dysfunctioning bioprosthetic valves Am Heart J 121 1991 1149
6. S.P. Allworth The anatomical basis of infection of the ring J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 34 1986 143
7. M.E. Alton T.J. Pasierski D.A. Orsinelli Comparison of transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography in evaluation of 47 Starr-Edwards prosthetic valves J Am Coll Cardiol 20 1992 1503
8. W.B. Baker M.S. Klein W.A. Zoghbi Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm complicating mitral valve replacement: Transesophageal echocardiographic diagnosis and impact on management J Am Soc Echocardiogr 6 1993 548
9. R.C. Bansal B.M. Graham K.R. Jutzy Left ventricular outflow tract to left atrial communication secondary to rupture of mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa in infective endocarditis: Diagnosis by transesophageal echocardiography and color flow imaging J Am Coll Cardiol 15 1990 499
10. R.C. Bansal P.M. Moloney R.J. Marsa Echocardiographic features of a mycotic aneurysm of the left ventricular outflow tract caused by perforation of mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa Circulation 67 1983 930
11. J. Barbetseas E.S. Crawford H.J. Safi Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of pseudoaneurysms complicating composite grafts of the ascending aorta Circulation 85 1992 212
12. J. Barbetseas S.F. Nagueh C. Pitsavos Role of transesophageal echocardiography in differentiating pannus from thrombus in obstructed prosthetic valves [abstr] J Am Coll Cardiol 31 suppl A 1998 463A 464A
13. J. Barbetseas C. Pitsavos C. Aggeli Comparison of frequency of left atrial thrombus in patients with mechanical prosthetic cardiac valves and stroke versus transient ischemic attacks Am J Cardiol 80 1997 526
14. J. Barbetseas C. Pitsavos S. Lalos Partial thrombosis of a bileaflet mitral prosthetic valve: Diagnosis by transesophageal echocardiography J Am Soc Echocardiogr 6 1993 91
15. G.S. Bargiggia L. Tronconi A. Raisaro Color Doppler diagnosis of mechanical prosthetic mitral regurgitation: Usefulness of the flow convergence region proximal to the regurgitant orifice Am Heart J 120 1990 1137
16. B.G. Barratt-Boyes G.W. Christie What is the best bioprosthetic operation for the small aortic root?: Allograft, porcine, pericardial? Stented or unstented J Cardiac Surg 9 1994 158
17. H. Baumgartner S. Khan M. DeRobertis Discrepancies between Doppler and catheter gradients in aortic prosthetic valves in vitro: A manifestation of localized gradients and pressure recovery Circulation 82 1990 1467
18. H. Baumgartner S. Khan M. DeRobertis Effect of prosthetic aortic valve design on the Doppler-catheter gradient correlation: An in vitro study of normal St. Jude, Medtronic-Hall, Starr-Edwards and Hancock valves J Am Coll Cardiol 19 1992 323
19. H. Baumgartner S. Khan M. DeRobertis Color Doppler regurgitant characteristics of normal mechanical mitral valve prostheses in vitro Circulation 85 1992 323
20. H. Baumgartner H. Schima P. Kuhn Effect of prosthetic valve malfunction on the Doppler-catheter gradient relation for bileaflet aortic valve prostheses Circulation 87 1993 1320
21. H. Bentall A. DeBono A technique for complete replacement of the ascending aorta Thorax 23 1968 338
22. G.D. Birmingham P.S. Rahko F. Ballantyne Improved detection of infective endocarditis with transesophageal echocardiography Am Heart J 123 1992 774
23. J.N. Bitar M.E. Lechin G. Salazar Doppler echocardiographic assessment with the continuity equation of St. Jude medical mechanical prostheses in the mitral valve position Am J Cardiol 76 1995 287
24. V.O. Bjork A. Henze L. Rodriguez Left ventricular rupture as a complication of mitral valve replacement: Surgical experience with eight cases and a review of the literature J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 73 1977 14
25. E. Braunwald Prosthetic cardiac valves Heart Disease 1997 WB Saunders Philadelphia 1061
26. D.J. Burstow R.A. Nishimura K.R. Bailey Continuous wave Doppler echocardiographic measurement of prosthetic valve gradients: A simultaneous Doppler-catheter study Circulation 80 1989 504
27. S.C. Cannegieter F.R. Rosendaal E. Briet Thromboembolic and bleeding complications in patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses Circulation 89 1994 635
28. J.D.J. Cannon M.R. Zile F.A.J. Crawford Aortic valve resistance as an adjunct to the Gorlin formula in assessing the severity of aortic stenosis in symptomatic patients J Am Coll Cardiol 20 1992 1517
29. A. Carpentier From valvular xenograft to valvular bioprosthesis (1965–1977) Med Instrum 11 1977 98
30. A. Carpentier G. Lemaigre L. Robert Biological factors affecting long-term results of valvular heterografts J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 58 1969 467
31. T. Carrel M. Pasic R. Jenni Reoperations after operation on the thoracic aorta: Etiology, surgical techniques, and prevention Ann Thorac Surg 56 1993 259
32. W. Castaneda-Zuniga D. Nicoloff C. Jorgensen In vivo radiographic appearance of the St. Jude valve prosthesis Radiology 134 1980 775
33. E.R. Chafizadeh W.A. Zoghbi Doppler echocardiographic assessment of the St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve in the aortic position using the continuity equation Circulation 83 1991 213
34. J.C. Chambers J. Somerville S. Stone Pulmonary autograft procedure for aortic valve disease: Long-term results of the pioneer series Circulation 96 1997 2206
35. E. Chesler M.E. Korns G.E. Porter False aneurysm of the left ventricle secondary to bacterial endocarditis with perforation of the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa Circulation 37 1968 518
36. P.R. Cipriano M.E. Billingham P.E. Oyer Calcification of porcine prosthetic heart valves: A radiographic and light microscopy study Circulation 66 1982 1100
37. Cohn L.H. Collins J.J. Jr V.J. DiSesa Fifteen-year experience with 1678 Hancock porcine bioprosthetic heart valve replacements Ann Surg 210 1989 435
38. Connolly H.M. Miller F.A. Jr C.L. Taylor Doppler hemodynamic profiles of 82 clinically and echocardiographically normal tricuspid valve prostheses Circulation 88 1993 2722
39. J.S. Coselli E.S. Crawford Composite valve graft replacement of aortic root using separate Dacron tube for coronary artery reattachment Ann Thorac Surg 47 1989 558
40. D.M. Cosgrove Carpentier pericardial valve Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 8 1996 269
41. C.L. Cunha E.R. Giuliani J.A. Callahan Echophonocardiographic findings in patients with prosthetic heart valve malfunction Mayo Clin Proc 55 1980 231
42. L.S. Czer J.M. Matloff A. Chaux The St. Jude valve: Analysis of thromboembolism, warfarin related hemorrhage and survival Am Heart J 114 1987 389
43. W.G. Daniel A. Mugge J. Grote Comparison of transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography for detection of abnormalities of prosthetic and bioprosthetic valves in the mitral and aortic positions Am J Cardiol 71 1993 210
44. K.C. Dellsperger D.W. Wieting D.A. Baehr Regurgitation of prosthetic heart valves: Dependence on heart rate and cardiac output Am J Cardiol 51 1983 321
45. de Mol B.A. M. Kallewaard R.B. McLellan Single-leg strut fractures in explanted Bjork-Shiley valves Lancet 343 1994 9
46. E. Deviri P. Sareli T. Wisenbaugh Obstruction of mechanical heart prostheses: Clinical aspects and surgical management J Am Coll Cardiol 17 1991 646
47. J.G. Dumesnil G.N. Honos M. Lemieux Validation and applications of mitral prosthetic valvular areas calculated by Doppler echocardiography Am J Cardiol 65 1990 1443
48. M. Dunn Is transseptal catheterization necessary? J Am Coll Cardiol 5 1985 1393
49. V. Dzavik G. Cohen K.L. Chan Role of transesophageal echocardiography in the diagnosis and management of prosthetic valve thrombosis J Am Coll Cardiol 18 1991 1829
50. Edmunds L.H. Jr R.E. Clark L.H. Cohn Guidelines for reporting morbidity and mortality after cardiac valvular operations. Ad Hoc Liaison Committee for Standardizing Definitions of Prosthetic Heart Valve Morbidity of The American Association of Thoracic Surgery and The Society of Thoracic Surgeons J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 112 1996 708
51. R.E. Falicov W.F. Walsh Retrograde crossing of aortic Bjork-Shiley prosthesis Am J Cardiol 43 1979 1062
52. F.A. Flachskampf R. Hoffman A. Franke Does multiplane transesophageal echocardiography improve the assessment of prosthetic valve regurgitation? J Am Soc Echocardiogr 8 1995 70
53. F.A. Flachskampf J.P. O'Shea B.P. Griffin Patterns of normal transvalvular regurgitation in mechanical valve prostheses J Am Coll Cardiol 18 1991 1493
54. S. Gabbay D.M. McQueen E.L. Yellin In vitro hydrodynamic comparison of mitral valve prostheses at high flow rates J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 76 1978 771
55. Gibbon J.H. Jr The application of a mechanical heart and lung apparatus to cardiac surgery Minn Med 37 1954 171
56. N. Goldrath R. Zimes Z. Vered Analysis of Doppler-obtained velocity curves in functional evaluation of mechanical prosthetic valves in mitral and aortic positions J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1 1988 211
57. J.A. Goldstein R.P. Zucker B.Y. Lee Echocardiographic demonstration of outlet strut fracture of a Bjork-Shiley mitral prosthesis J Am Coll Cardiol 7 1986 949
58. P. Gueret P. Vignon P. Fournier Transesophageal echocardiography for the diagnosis and management of nonobstructive thrombosis of mechanical mitral valve prosthesis Circulation 91 1995 103
59. Guit G.L. van Voorthuisen A.E. R.M. Steiner Outlet strut fracture of the Bjork-Shiley mitral valve prosthesis Radiology 154 1985 298
60. D.E. Harken M.S. Soroff W.J. Taylor Partial and complete prostheses in aortic insufficiency J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 40 1960 744
61. D. Heldman J.M. Gardin Evaluation of prosthetic valves by Doppler echocardiography Echocardiography 6 1989 63
62. L.F. Hiratzka N.T. Kouchoukos G.L. Grunkemeier Outlet strut fracture of the Bjork-Shiley 60 degrees Convexo-Concave valve: Current information and recommendations for patient care J Am Coll Cardiol 11 1988 1130
63. C.S. Hixson M.D. Smith M.D. Mattson Comparison of transesophageal color flow Doppler imaging of normal mitral regurgitant jets in St. Jude Medical and Medtronic Hall cardiac prostheses J Am Soc Echocardiogr 5 1992 57
64. D. Horstkotte K. Haerten L. Seipel Central hemodynamics at rest and during exercise after mitral valve replacement with different prostheses Circulation 68 1983 II161
65. Hsiung M.-C. Ku C.-S. J. Wei Transesophageal color Doppler flow imaging in the evaluation of prosthetic cardiac valves Echocardiography 9 1992 583
66. C.A. Hufnagel The surgical correction of aortic insufficiency Bull Georgetown U Med Center 6 1953 60
67. D.G. Hurrell H.V. Schaff A.J. Tajik Thrombolytic therapy for obstruction of mechanical prosthetic valves Mayo Clin Proc 71 1996 605
68. L.R. Isada J.N. Torelli W.J. Stewart Detection of fibrous strands on prosthetic mitral valves with transesophageal echocardiography: Another potential embolic source J Am Soc Echocardiogr 7 1994 641
69. W.M. Jaffe H.A. Coverdale A.H. Roche Doppler echocardiography in the assessment of the homograft aortic valve Am J Cardiol 63 1989 1466
70. D.G. Karalis R.C. Bansal A.J. Hauck Transesophageal echocardiographic recognition of subaortic complications in aortic valve endocarditis: Clinical and surgical implications Circulation 86 1992 353
71. K.J. Karlson M.M. Ashraf R.L. Berger Rupture of left ventricle following mitral valve replacement Ann Thorac Surg 46 1988 590
72. D.L. Karsh S.P. Michaelson R.A. Langou Retrograde left ventricular catheterization in patients with an aortic valve prosthesis Am J Cardiol 41 1978 893
73. K. Kawazoe K. Eishi Y. Kawashima New modified bentall procedure: Carrel patch and inclusion technique Ann Thorac Surg 55 1993 1578
74. S. Khan A. Chaux J. Matloff The St. Jude Medical valve: Experience with 1,000 cases J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 108 1994 1010
75. B.K. Khandheria Suspected bacterial endocarditis: To TEE or not to TEE J Am Coll Cardiol 21 1993 222
76. B.K. Khandheria J.B. Seward J.K. Oh Valve and limitations of transesophageal echocardiography in assessment of mitral valve prostheses Circulation 83 1991 1956
77. G. Kober R. Hilgermann Catheter entrapment in a Bjork-Shiley prosthesis in aortic position Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 13 1987 262
78. Kouchoukos N.T. Marshall W.G. Jr T.A. Wedige-Stecher Eleven-year experience with composite graft replacement of the ascending aorta and aortic valve J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 92 1986 691
79. M. Kupar A. Harjula S. Mattila Auscultatory characteristics of normally functioning Lillehei-Kaster, Bjork-Shiley, and St. Jude heart valve prostheses Br Heart J 55 1986 364
80. T.E. Layman L.E. January Mycotic left ventricular aneurysm involving the fibrous atrioventricular body Am J Cardiol 20 1967 423
81. L.D. Ledain J.P. Ohayon J.P. Colle Acute thrombotic obstruction with disc valve prostheses: Diagnostic considerations and fibrinolytic treatment J Am Coll Cardiol 7 1986 743
82. M. Lengyel V. Fuster M. Keltai Guidelines for management of left-sided prosthetic valve thrombosis: A role for thrombolytic therapy J Am Coll Cardiol 30 1997 1521
83. R.W. Lowry W.A. Zoghbi W.B. Baker Clinical impact of transesophageal echocardiography in the diagnosis and management of infective endocarditis Am J Cardiol 73 1994 1089
84. D. Loyd D. Eng P. Ask Pressure half-time does not always predict mitral valve area correctly J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1 1988 313
85. I.T. Luluaga D. Carrera J. D'Oliveira Successful thrombolytic therapy after acute tricuspid valve obstruction Lancet 1 1971 1067
86. M.A. Marvasti F.B. Parker P.A. Randall Composite graft replacement of the ascending aorta and aortic valve: Late follow-up with intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 95 1988 924
87. D.J. Mehlman A pictorial and radiographic guide for identification of prosthetic heart valve devices Prog Cardiovasc Dis 30 1988 441
88. D.C. Miller J.N. Schapira E.B. Stinson Left ventricular-coronary sinus fistula following repeated mitral valve replacements J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 76 1978 43
89. F.A. Miller J.A. Callahan C.L. Taylor Normal aortic valve prosthesis hemodynamics: 609 prospective Doppler examinations [abstr] Circulation 80 suppl II 1989 169
90. S. Mohr-Kahaly I. Kupferwasser R. Erbel Regurgitant flow in apparently normal valve prostheses: Improved detection and semiquantitative analysis by transesophageal two-dimensional color-coded Doppler echocardiography J Am Soc Echocardiogr 3 1990 187
91. A. Mugge W.G. Daniel G. Frank Echocardiography in infective endocarditis: Reassessment of prognostic implications of vegetation size determined by the transthoracic and the transesophageal approach J Am Coll Cardiol 14 1989 631
92. N.C. Nanda J.W. Cooper Mahan E.F. III Echocardiographic assessment of prosthetic valves Circulation 84 1991 1228
93. P.H. Nath C. Zollikofer W.R. Castaneda-Zuniga Radiological evaluation of composite aortic grafts Radiology 131 1979 43
94. U. Nellessen I. Schnittger C.P. Appleton Transesophageal two-dimensional echocardiography and color Doppler flow velocity mapping in the evaluation of cardiac valve prostheses Circulation 78 1988 848
95. S. Nitter-Hauge M. Abdelnoor J.L. Svennevig Fifteen-year experience with the Medtronic-Hall valve prosthesis: A follow-up study of 1104 consecutive patients Circulation 94 1996 II105
96. J.A. Odell J. Durandt D.M. Shama Spontaneous embolization of a St. Jude prosthetic mitral valve leaflet Ann Thorac Surg 39 1985 569
97. L. Olmos G. Salazar J. Rivera Evaluation of prosthetic mitral valve regurgitation by transthoracic echocardiography: Do all patients need transesophageal echocardiography? [abstr] J Am Soc Echocardiogr 7 1994 S55
98. W.W. O'Neill J.G. Chandler R.E. Gordon Radiographic detection of strut separations in Bjork-Shiley convexo-concave mitral valves N Engl J Med 333 1995 414
99. D.A. Orsinelli A.C. Pearson Detection of prosthetic valve strands by transesophageal echocardiography: Clinical significance in patients with suspected cardiac source of embolism J Am Coll Cardiol 26 1995 1713
100. M.E. Ozdogan L. Oktar S. Gunaydin Mitral and aortic valve replacement using fresh unstented pulmonary and aortic homografts J Heart Valve Dis 5 1996 181
101. L.A. Pape D.G. Love J.M. Gore Massive thromboembolic stroke and death after fibrinolytic therapy of St. Jude prosthetic mitral valve thrombosis: Documentation by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography Am Heart J 128 1994 406
102. P. Perier S. Mihaileanu J.N. Fabiani Long-term evaluation of the Carpentier-Edwards pericardial valve in the aortic position J Cardiac Surg 6 1991 589
103. G.J. Perry F. Helmcke N.C. Nanda Evaluation of aortic insufficiency by Doppler color flow mapping J Am Coll Cardiol 9 1987 952
104. M.Y. Rashtian D.M. Stevenson D.T. Allen Flow characteristics of four commonly used mechanical heart valves Am J Cardiol 58 1986 743
105. S.A. Reisner R.S. Meltzer Normal values of prosthetic valve Doppler echocardiographic parameters: A review J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1 1988 201
106. J.F. Ren K. Chandrasekaran G.S. Mintz Effect of depressed left ventricular function on hemodynamics of normal St. Jude Medical prosthesis in the aortic valve position Am J Cardiol 65 1990 1004
107. T. Reynolds J. Abate A. Tenney The JH/LVOH method in the quantification of aortic regurgitation: How the cardiac sonographer may avoid an important potential pitfall J Am Soc Echocardiogr 4 1991 105
108. W.C. Roberts A.G. Morrow Causes of early post-operative death following cardiac valve replacement J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 54 1967 422
109. A.G. Rogers N.P. Rossi Left ventricular-coronary sinus fistula after mitral valve replacement J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 94 1987 637
110. R. Rokey L.L. Sterling W.A. Zoghbi Determination of regurgitant fraction in isolated mitral or aortic regurgitation by pulsed Doppler two-dimensional echocardiography J Am Coll Cardiol 7 1986 1273
111. B.P. Rosenzweig T. Donahue M. Attubato Left ventricle-to-ascending aorta communication complicating composite graft repair undetected by aortography: Diagnosis by transesophageal echocardiography J Am Soc Echocardiogr 4 1991 639
112. D.N. Ross Replacement of aortic and mitral valves with a pulmonary autograft Lancet 2 1967 956
113. R.M. Rothbart J.L. Castriz L.V. Harding Determination of aortic valve area by two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography in patients with normal and stenotic bioprosthetic valves J Am Coll Cardiol 15 1990 817
114. R. Roudaut T. Labbe M.F. Lorient-Roudaut Mechanical cardiac valve thrombosis: Is fibrinolysis justified? Circulation 86 1992 II8
115. R.M. Saad J. Barbetseas L. Olmos Application of the continuity equation and valve resistance to the evaluation of St. Jude Medical prosthetic aortic valve dysfunction Am J Cardiol 80 1997 1239
116. K. Sakai K. Nakamura N. Ishizuka Echocardiographic findings and clinical features of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm after mitral valve replacement Am Heart J 124 1992 975
117. Sands M.J. Jr A.S. Lachman D.J. O'Reilly Diagnostic value of cinefluoroscopy in the evaluation of prosthetic heart valve dysfunction Am Heart J 104 1982 622
118. Schoen F.J. Collins J.J. Jr L.H. Cohn Long-term failure rate and morphologic correlations in porcine bioprosthetic heart valves Am J Cardiol 51 1983 957
119. M.H. Schoenfeld I.F. Palacios Hutter A.M. Jr Underestimation of prosthetic mitral valve areas: Role of transseptal catheterization in avoiding unnecessary repeat mitral valve surgery J Am Coll Cardiol 5 1985 1387
120. J.B. Seward B.K. Khandheria W.D. Edwards Biplanar transesophageal echocardiography: Anatomic correlations, image orientation, and clinical applications Mayo Clin Proc 65 1990 1193
121. J.B. Seward B.K. Khandheria W.K. Freeman Multiplane transesophageal echocardiography: Image orientation, examination technique, anatomic correlations, and clinical applications Mayo Clin Proc 68 1993 523
122. B.K. Shively F.T. Gurule C.A. Roldan Diagnostic value of transesophageal compared with transthoracic echocardiography in infective endocarditis J Am Coll Cardiol 18 1991 391
123. H. Silber S.S. Khan J.M. Matloff The St. Jude valve: Thrombolysis as the first line of therapy for cardiac valve thrombosis Circulation 87 1993 30
124. R.A. Sochowski K. Chan Implication of negative results on a monoplane transesophageal echocardiographic study in patients with suspected infective endocarditis J Am Coll Cardiol 21 1993 216
125. D.L. Sprecher R. Adamick D. Adams In vitro color flow, pulsed and continuous wave Doppler ultrasound masking of flow by prosthetic valves J Am Coll Cardiol 9 1987 1306
126. A. Starr M.L. Edwards Mitral replacement: Clinical experience with a ball-valve prosthesis Ann Surg 154 1961 726
127. P.D. Stein H.N. Sabbah J.B. Lakier Frequency spectrum of the aortic component of the second heart sound in patients with normal valves, aortic stenosis and aortic porcine xenografts: Potential for detection of porcine xenograft degeneration Am J Cardiol 46 1980 48
128. S.F. Stewart E.P. Nast F.A. Arabia Errors in pressure gradient measurement by continuous wave Doppler ultrasound: Type, size and age effects in bioprosthetic aortic valves J Am Coll Cardiol 18 1991 769
129. M.A. Taams E.J. Gussenhoven M.K. Cahalan Transesophageal Doppler color flow imaging in the detection of native and Bjork-Shiley mitral valve regurgitation J Am Coll Cardiol 13 1989 95
130. C.P. Taliercio J.K. Oh M.H. Summerer Traumatic left ventricular false aneurysm with significant regurgitation from left ventricular outflow tract to left atrium: Delineation by two-dimensional and color flow Doppler echocardiography J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1 1988 354
131. S.M. Teague J.A. Heinsimer J.L. Anderson Quantification of aortic regurgitation utilizing continuous wave Doppler ultrasound J Am Coll Cardiol 8 1986 592
132. J.D. Thomas A.E. Weyman Doppler mitral pressure half-time: A clinical tool in search of theoretical justification J Am Coll Cardiol 10 1987 923
133. J.D. Thomas G.T. Wilkins C.Y.P. Choong Inaccuracy of mitral pressure half-time immediately after percutaneous mitral valvotomy: Dependence on transmitral gradient and left atrial and ventricular compliance Circulation 78 1988 980
134. T. Touche R. Prasquier A. Nitenberg Assessment and follow-up of patients with aortic regurgitation by an updated Doppler echocardiographic measurement of the regurgitant fraction in the aortic arch Circulation 72 1985 819
135. van den Brink R.B.A. C.A. Visser D.C.G. Basart Comparison of transthoracic and transesophageal color Doppler flow imaging in patients with mechanical prostheses in the mitral valve position Am J Cardiol 63 1989 1471
136. R.S. Vasan U. Kaul S. Sanghvi Thrombolytic therapy for prosthetic valve thrombosis: A study based on serial Doppler echocardiographic evaluation Am Heart J 123 1992 1575
137. V.M. Walley W.J. Keon Patterns of failure in Ionescu-Shiley bovine pericardial bioprosthetic valves J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 93 1987 925
138. A. Watanabe T. Kazui M. Tsukamoto Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm and intracardiac fistulas after replacement of mitral valve prosthesis Ann Thorac Surg 55 1993 1236
139. A.F. White R.E. Dinsmore M.J. Buckley Cineradiographic evaluation of prosthetic cardiac valves Circulation 48 1973 882
140. G.T. Wilkins L.D. Gillam G.L. Kritzer Validation of continuous-wave Doppler echocardiographic measurements of mitral and tricuspid prosthetic valve gradients: A simultaneous Doppler-catheter study Circulation 74 1986 786
141. M.G. Wiltrakis S.H. Rahimtoola B.J. Harlan Diastolic rumbles with porcine heterograft prosthesis in the atrioventricular position: Normal or abnormal prosthesis? Chest 74 1978 411
142. R. Wiseth O.W. Levang E. Sande Hemodynamic evaluation by Doppler echocardiography of small (less than or equal to 21 mm) prostheses and bioprostheses in the aortic valve position Am J Cardiol 70 1992 240
143. M. Yacoub N.R. Rasmi T.M. Sundt Fourteen-year experience with homovital homografts for aortic valve replacement J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 110 1995 186
144. G.W. Yee D. Naasz L. Hatle Doppler diagnosis of left ventricular to coronary sinus fistula: An unusual complication of mitral valve replacement J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1 1988 458
145. K. Yoshida J. Yoshikawa T. Akasaka Value of acceleration flow signals proximal to the leaking orifice in assessing the severity of prosthetic mitral valve regurgitation J Am Coll Cardiol 19 1992 333
146. M. Zabalgoitia Echocardiographic assessment of prosthetic heart valves Curr Probl Cardiol 17 1992 271
147. W.A. Zoghbi Echocardiographic recognition of unusual complications after surgery on the great vessels and cardiac valves The Practice of Clinical Echocardiography 1997 WB Saunders Philadelphia 821
148. W.A. Zoghbi R.M. Desir L. Rosen Doppler echocardiography: Application to the assessment of successful thrombolysis of prosthetic valve thrombosis J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2 1989 98