HIV-AIDS in Nepal: the coming crisis

Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars

Volumn 30, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 35-45

  Seddon, David ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIDS; HEALTH RISK; HIV INFECTION; MIGRATION; NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS; ROAD TRANSPORT; SEX INDUSTRY;

NEPAL;

EID: 0031721983     PISSN: 00074810     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14672715.1998.10411032     Document Type: Article

References (68)

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2. V. L. Gurubaracharya, "HIV-AIDS - Everybody's Concern," in Red Light Traffic (Kathmandu: ABC/Nepal, 1994), p. 42.
3. B. K. Suvedi, J. Baker, and S. Thapa, "HIV-AIDS in Nepal: An Update," Journal of the Nepalese Medical Association, July-September 1994, p. 204. The inter-relationship between HIV and sexually transmitted diseases is clear. Scientific evidence suggests that 80 percent of HIV infections are the result of sexual contact. The study of pregnant women was undertaken between December 1995 and March 1996 by the National Centre for AIDS and STD Control and the University of Heidelberg as part of their STD/HIV Project.
4. J. D. Seddon, "AIDS in Nepal: Issues for Consideration," Himalayan Research Bulletin 15, no.2 (1995).
5. According to the World Bank Country Study, Nepal: Poverty and Incomes (Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 1991), pp. 88-89.
6. Bhattacharya, Human Development in Nepal: A Situation Analysis on Status and Trends) (Kathmandu: UNDP, 1994).
7. Shanta Dixit, "Impact of HIV-AIDS in Nepal," in Red Light Traffic (Kathmandu: ABC/Nepal, 1994), p. 49.
8. B. K. Suvedi, J. Baker, and S. Thapa, "HIV-AIDS in Nepal: An Update," in Journal of the Nepalese Medical Association (July-September 1994): 205.
9. Bhattacharya, Human Development in Nepal.
10. Suvedi, Baker, and Thapa, "HIV-AIDS in Nepal," p. 204.
11. R. S. Rana, "The Sex Worker and the Market," Himal (September-October 1991):19.
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14. According to data reported by B. K. Suvedi, J. Baker, and S. Thapa in "HIV-AIDS in Nepal."
15. B. Bhandari and H. P. Sarmah, eds., Drug Abuse in Nepal (Kathmandu: Drug Abuse Prevention Association Nepal, 1988); and Country Situation Report (Nepal) (Kathmandu: Regional Drug Enforcement Seminar, 1992).
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19. Gurubacharya, "HIV-AIDS - Everybody's Concern," p. 46.
20. J. D. Seddon, "Migration - India and Nepal," in R. Cohen, ed., The Cambridge Survey of International Migration (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995).
21. One of the major factors contributing to the increase of HIV-AIDS in Nepal is the "temporary or seasonal migration of rural youth to urban centres within Nepal and to other countries for employment, where they are more likely to engage in 'high risk' behaviors such as visiting commercial sex workers." See Suvedi, Baker, and Thapa, "HIV-AIDS in Nepal," p. 211.
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23. Rana, "The Sex Worker and the Market," p. 19.
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27. G. Pradhan, "Child Workers in the Carpet Industry of Nepal," Voice of Child Workers, December 1992.
28. Sr. M. R. Rozario, Trafficking in Women and Children in India: Sexual Exploitation and Sale (Delhi: Uppal Publishing House, 1992).
29. According to one source, in the mid-1990s there were about fifty Nepalese women working as commercial sex workers in Hong Kong "where they are greatly in demand." Suvedi, Baker, and Thapa, "HIV-AIDS in Nepal," p. 210.
30. V. L. Gurubacharya, "HIV-AIDS - Everybody's Concern," p. 46.
31. Reported in Everywoman, April 1994, p. 10.
32. Suvedi, Baker and Thapa, "HIV-AIDS in Nepal," p. 211.
33. Cited in Pauline O'Dea, Gender Exploitation and Violence, p. 8.
34. Sr. M. R. Rozario, Trafficking in Women and Children in India.
35. S. Thapa, "Trafficking of Women and Girls in Nepal." National Seminar on the Girl Child in Nepal (Kathmandu: Women's Services Coordination Committee, September 1989).
36. O'Dea, Gender Exploitation and Violence, p.9.
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38. B. Campbell, "The Dynamics of Cooperation: Households and Economy in a Tamang Community of Nepal" (Ph.D. diss., University of East Anglia, 1993).
39. P. Tamang, "Tamangs under the Shadow,"Himal (May-June 1992): 26.
40. Rana, "The Sex Worker and the Market," p. 18.
41. Ghimire, "Girl Trafficking in Nepal," p. 6.
42. J. Frederick, "Human Rights, Flavour of the Month," review of Rape for Profit: Trafficking of Nepali Girls and Women to India's Brothels, in Himal (November-December 1995): 55.
43. Rana, "The Sex Worker and the Market," p. 19.
44. R. Dhital, "Child Prostitution in Nepal," in Red Light Traffic (Kathmandu: ABC/Nepal, 1994).
45. P. Bhatta, S. Thapa, S. Neupane, J. Baker, and M. Friedman, "Commercial Sex Workers in Kathmandu Valley: Profile and Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases," Journal of the Nepal Medical Association 32, no. 111 (July-September 1994).
46. I. Majupuria, Nepalese Women (Lakshar, Gwalior: M. Devi Publishers, 1987).
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48. Frederick, "Human Rights, Flavour of the Month," p. 55.
49. O'Dea, Gender Exploitation and Violence, p. 18.
50. Dhital, "Child Prostitution in Nepal."
51. O'Dea, Gender Exploitation and Violence, pp.18-19.
52. P. M. Blaikie, J. Cameron, and J. D. Seddon, Nepal in Crisis: Growth and Stagnation at the Periphery (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980), p. 133.
53. AIDSCAP, The Nepal Country Program (Kathmandu: AIDSCAP, n.d. [1996]). The mean age of women interviewed in the baseline survey was 26; 93 percent reported being married (69 percent with dependent children). The majority were illiterate. Their average weekly earnings from commercial sex were Rs 779 - three times as much as the average earnings from daily wage labor.
54. Ibid. The men surveyed tended on average to be away from home 18.5 days in a month and 11 percent were illiterate. The mean age of clients was twenty-five; fifty-seven reported being married.
55. Suvedi, Baker and Thapa, "HIV-AIDS in Nepal" p. 211.
56. O'Dea, Gender Exploitation and Violence, p. 3.
57. Pradhan, "Child Workers in the Carpet Industry of Nepal."
58. O'Dea, Gender Exploitation and Violence, p. 19.
59. Rana, "The Sex Worker and the Market," p. 18.
60. Ghimire, "Girl Trafficking in Nepal," p. 7.
61. Cited in P. Tamang, "Tamangs under the Shadow," p. 26.
62. Suvedi, Baker, and Thapa, "HIV-AIDS in Nepal," p. 212.
63. T. Cox and K. Suvedi, Sexual Networking in Five Urban Areas in the Nepal Terai (Kathmandu: Valley Research Group, 1994).
64. See Red Light Traffic (ABC/Nepal) and Suvedi, Baker, and Thapa, "HIV-AIDS in Nepal."
65. P. Bhatt, "Melamchi: A Case Study in Community Mobilisation," in Red Light Traffic (Kathmandu: ABC/Nepal, 1992 [1994]), p. 63.
66. Dixit, "Impact of HIV-AIDS in Nepal," p. 54.
67. Red Light Traffic (Kathmandu: ABC/Nepal, 1994), p. 7.
68. Frederick, "Human Rights, Flavour of the Month," p. 55.