Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis of cyanobacterial photosynthesis and acclimation

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews

Volumn 62, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 667-683

  Campbell, Douglas ^a   Hurry, Vaughan ^b   Clarke, Adrian K ^b   Gustafsson, Petter ^b   Öquist, Gunnar ^b  

^a MOUNT ALLISON UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UMEÅ UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHLOROPHYLL;

ACCLIMATIZATION; CYANOBACTERIUM; ELECTRON TRANSPORT; FLUORESCENCE; NONHUMAN; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; REVIEW;

CYANOBACTERIA; EMBRYOPHYTA; PROKARYOTA;

EID: 0031720056     PISSN: 10922172     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.62.3.667-683.1998     Document Type: Review

References (163)

1. Adams, W. W., and B. Demmig-Adams. 1993. Energy dissipation and photoprotection in leaves of higher plants, p. 27-36. In H. Y. Yamamoto and C. M. Smith (ed.) Photosynthetic responses to the environment. American Society of Plant Physiologists, Rockville, Md.
2. Allen, J. F., C. E. Sanders, and N. G. Holmes. 1985. Correlation of membrane protein phosphorylation with excitation energy distribution in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6301. FEBS Lett. 193:271-275.
3. Asada, K., K. Kiso, and K. Yoshikawa. 1974. Univalent reduction of molecular oxygen by spinach chloroplasts on illumination. J. Biol. Chem. 249:2175-2181.
4. 2 concentrating mechanism in cyanobacteria and green algae. Physiol. Plant. 84:606-615.
5. Badger, M. R., and U. Schreiber. 1993. Effects of inorganic carbon accumulation on photosynthetic oxygen reduction and cyclic electron flow in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC 7942. Photosynth. Res. 37:177-191.
6. Baker, N. R., P. K. Farage, C. M. Stirling, and S. P. Long. 1994. Photoinhibition of crop photosynthesis in the field at low temperatures, p. 349-363. In N. R. Baker and J. R. Bowyer (ed.) Photoinhibition of photosynthesis: from molecular mechanisms to the field. Bios Scientific Publishers, Oxford, United Kingdom.
7. Bald, D., J. Kruip, and M. Rögner. 1996. Supramolecular architecture of cyanobacterial thylakoid membranes: how is the phycobilisome connected with the photosystems? Photosynth. Res. 49:103-118.
8. Behrenfeld, M. J., A. J. Bale, Z. S. Kolber, J. Aiken, and P. G. Falkowski. 1996. Confirmation of iron limitation of phytoplankton photosynthesis in the equatorial pacific-ocean. Nature 383:508-511.
9. Bilger, W., and U. Schreiber. 1986. Energy-dependent quenching of dark-level chlorophyll fluorescence in intact leaves. Photosynth. Res. 10:303-308.
10. Bilger, W., B. Budel, R. Mollenhauer, and D. Mollenhauer. 1994. Photosynthetic activity of 2 developmental stages of a Nostoc strain (cyanobacteria) isolated from Geosiphon pyriforme (mycota). J. Phycol. 30:225-230.
11. Binder, A., R. Hauser, and D. Krogmann. 1984. Respiration in energy transducing membranes of the thermophilic cyanobacterium Mastigocladus laminosus. I. Relation of the respiratory and photosynthetic electron transport. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 765:241-246.
12. 2 evolution and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics at 77K among vascular plants of diverse origins. Planta 170:489-504.
13. Bolhàr-Nordenkampf, H. R., and G. Öquist. 1993. Chlorophyll fluorescence as a tool in photosynthesis research, p. 193-206. In D. O. Hall, J. M. O. Scurlock, H. R. Bolhàr-Nordenkampf, R. C. Leegood, and S. P. Long (ed.), Photosynthesis and production in a changing environment: a field and laboratory manual. Chapman & Hall, London, United Kingdom.
14. Bonaventura, C., and J. Myers. 1969. Fluorescence and oxygen evolution for Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 189:366-383.
15. 553 genes from the cyanobacterium Anabaena species PCC 7937. Mol. Microbiol. 6:1507-1513.
16. Briggs, L. M., V. L. Pecoraro, and L. McIntosh. 1990. Copper-induced expression, cloning, and regulatory studies of the plastocyanin gene from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Plant Mol. Biol. 15:633-542.
17. Bruce, D., and J. Biggins. 1985. Mechanism of the light-state transition in photosynthesis. V. 77K linear dichroism of Anacystis nidulans in State 1 and State 2. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 810:295-301.
18. Bruce, D., J. Biggins, T. Steiner, and M. Thewalt. 1985. Mechanism of the light-state transition in photosynthesis. IV. Picosecond fluorescence spectroscopy of Anacystis nidulans and Porphyridium cruentum in State 1 and State 2. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 810:237-246.
19. Bryant, D. A. (ed.). 1994. The molecular biology of cyanobacteria. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
20. Bûchel, C., and C. Wilhem. 1993. In vivo analysis of slow chlorohyll fluorescence induction kinetics in algae: progress, problems and perspectives. Photochem. Photobiol. 58:137-148.
21. Campbell, D. 1996. Complementary chromatic adaptation alters photosynthetic strategies in the cyanobacterium Calothrix. Microbiology 142:1255-1263.
22. a. Campbell, D. Unpublished data.
23. Campbell, D., and G. Öquist. 1996. Predicting light acclimation in cyanobacteria from non-photochemical quenching of PSII fluorescence, which reflects state transitions in these organisms. Plant Physiol. 111:1293-1298.
24. 22a. Campbell, D., and G. Öquist. Unpublished data.
25. Campbell, D., D. Bruce, C. Carpenter, P. Gustafsson, and G. Öquist. 1996. Two forms of the photosystem II D1 protein alter energy dissipation and state transitions in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942. Photosynth. Res. 47:131-144.
26. Campbell, D., G. Zhou, P. Gustafsson, G. Öquist, and A. K. Clarke. 1995. Electron transport regulates exchange of two forms of Photosystem II D1 protein in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus. EMBO J. 14:5457-5466.
27. Campbell, D., J. Houmard, and N. Tandeau de Marsac. 1993. Electron transport regulates cellular differentiation in the filamentous cyanobacterium Calothrix. Plant Cell 5:451-463.
28. Clarke, A. K., and D. Campbell. 1996. Inactivation of the petE gene for plastocyanin lowers photosynthetic capacity and exacerbates chilling-induced photoinhibition in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus. Plant Physiol. 112:1551-1561.
29. Clarke, A. K., D. Campbell, P. Gustafsson, and G. Öquist. 1995. Dynamic responses of photosystem II and phycobilisomes to changing light in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942. Planta 197:553-562.
30. Clarke, A. K., V. M. Hurry, P. Gustafsson, and G. Öquist. 1993. Two functionally distinct forms of the PS II reaction-center protein D1 in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:11985-11989.
31. Collier, J. L., S. K. Herbert, D. C. Fork, and A. R. Grossman. 1994. Changes in the cyanobacterial photosynthetic apparatus during acclimation to macronutrient deprivation. Photosynth. Res. 42:173-183.
32. - transport-mediated accumulation of inorganic carbon in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus UTEX-625. Plant Physiol. 104:785-791.
33. Dau, H. 1994. Molecular mechanisms and quantitative models of variable photosystem II fluorescence. Photochem. Photobiol. 60:1-23.
34. Delphin, E., J.-C. Duval, A.-L. Etienne, and D. Kirilovsky. 1996. State transitions or ΔpH-dependent quenching of photosystem II fluorescence in red algae. Biochemistry 35:9435-9445.
35. Demmig-Adams, B., W. W. Adams III, F.-C. Czygan, U. Schreiber, and O. L. Lange. 1990. Differences in the capacity for radiationless energy dissipation in gree and blue-green algal lichens associated with differences in carotenoid composition. Planta 180:582-589.
36. Dominy, P. J., and W. P. Williams. 1987. The role of respiratory electron flow in the control of excitation energy distribution in blue-green algae. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 892:264-274.
37. Ducret, A., W. Sidler, and H. Zuber. 1993. Structural studies on the atypical phycobilisome core complex of the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, p. 37. In 1993 Westcoast Cyanobacterial Workshop.
38. 2 assimilation in maize leaves be predicted accurately from chlorophyll fluorescence analysis? Photosynth. Res. 37:89-102.
39. Elston, T., H. Wang, and G. Oster. 1998. Energy transduction in ATP synthase. Nature 391:510-513.
40. Evans, E. H., and R. G. Brown. 1994. An appraisal of photosynthetic fluorescence kinetics as a probe of plant function. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 22:95-104.
41. Falk, S., G. Samson, D. Bruce, N. P. A. Huner, and D. E. Laudenbach. 1995. Functional analysis of the iron-stress induced CP-43′-polypeptide of PS-II in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC-7942. Photosynth. Res. 45: 51-60.
42. Falkowski, P. G., and Z. Kolber. 1995. Variations in the chlorophyll fluorescence yields in phytoplankton in the world oceans. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 22:341-355.
43. Fork, D. C., and K. Satoh. 1983. State I-State II transitions in the thermophilic blue-green alga (cyanobacterium) Synechococcus lividus. Photochem. Photobiol. 37:421-427.
44. Fujita, Y., A. Murakami, K. Aizawa, and K. Ohki. 1994. Short-term and long-term adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus: homeostatic properties of thylakoids, p. 677-692. In D. A. Bryant (ed.), The molecular biology of Cyanobacteria. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
45. Furbank, R. T., and M. R. Badger. 1983. Oxygen exchange associated with electron transport and photophosphorylation in spinach thylakoids. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 723:400-409.
46. Geerts, D., H. Schubert, G. de Vrieze, M. Borrias, H. C. P. Matthijs, and P. J. Weisbeek. 1994. Expression of Anabaena PCC 7937 plastocyanin in Synechococcus PCC 7942 enhances photosynthetic electron transfer and alters the electron distribution between photosystem I and cytochrome-c oxidase. J. Biol. Chem. 269:28068-28075.
47. Genty, B., J. M. Briantais, and N. R. Baker. 1989. The relationship between the quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transport and quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 990:87-92.
48. Gilmore, A. M. 1997. Mechanistic aspects of xanthophyll cycle dependent photoprotection in higher plant chloroplasts and leaves. Physiol. Plant. 99:197-209.
49. Gilmore, A. M., and H. Y. Yamamoto. 1993. Biochemistry of xanthophyll-dependent nonradiative energy dissipation, p. 160-165. In H. Y. Yamamoto and C. M. Smith (ed.). Photosynthetic responses to the environment. American Society of Plant Physiologists, Rockville, Md.
50. Gindt, Y. M., J. H. Zhou, D. A. Bryant, and K. Sauer. 1994. Spectroscopic studies of phycobilisome subcore preparations lacking key core chromophores - assignment of excited-state energies to the L(CM), beta(18) and alpha (AP-B) chromophores. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1186:153-162.
51. Glazer, A. N., C. Chan, R. C. Williams, S. W. Yeh, and J. H. Clark. 1985. Kinetics of energy flow in the phycobilisome core. Science 230:1051-1053.
52. Goetze, D. C., and R. Carpentier. 1994. Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase is the site of oxygen reduction in pseudocyclic electron transport. Can. J. Bot. 72:256-260.
53. 2 photoreduction by the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 as determined by the quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence. Can. J. Bot. 75:394-401.
54. Guglielmi, G., G. Cohen-Bazire, and D. A. Bryant. 1981. The structure of Gloeobacter violaceus and its phycobilisomes. Arch. Microbiol. 129:181-189.
55. Havaux, M., R. J. Straser, and H. Greppin. 1991. A theoretical and experimental analysis of the qP and qN coefficients of chlorophyll fluorescence quenching and their relation to photochemical and nonphotochemical events. Photosynth. Res. 27:41-55.
56. Herbert, S. K., R. E. Martin, and D. C. Fork. 1995. Light adaptation of cyclic electron-transport through photosystem-I in the cyanobacterium Synechococcm sp. PCC7942. Photosynth. Res. 46:277-285.
57. Hirano, M., K. Satoh, and S. Katoh. 1980. Plastoquinone as a common link between photosynthesis and respiration in blue-green alga. Photosynth. Res. 1:149-162.
58. Holzwarth, A. R. 1993. Is it time to throw away your apparatus for chlorophyll fluorescence induction? Biophys. J. 64:1280-1281.
59. Horton, P., A. V. Ruban, and R. G. Walters. 1996. Regulation of light harvesting in green plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 47:655-684.
60. Hovenden, M. J., and R. D. Seppelt 1995. Utility of modulated fluorescence in measuring photosynthetic activity of Antarctic plants: field and laboratory studies. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 22:321-330.
61. Huner, N. P. A., G. Öquist, V. M. Hurry, M. Krol, S. Falk, and M. Griffith. 1993. Photosynthesis, photoinhibition and low temperature acclimation in cold tolerant plants. Photosynth. Res. 37:19-39.
62. Ibelings, B. W., B. M. A. Kroon, and L. R. Mur. 1994. Acclimation of Photosystem-II in a cyanobacterium and a eukaryotic green-alga to high and fluctuating photosynthetic photon flux densities, simulating light regimes induced by mixing in lakes. New Phytol. 128:407-424.
63. a. Ivanov, A., and N. Huner. Personal communication.
64. Jensen, M., and K. Siebke. 1997. Fluorescence imaging of lichens in the macro scale. Symbiosis 23:183-195.
65. Jones, L. W., and J. Myers. 1963. A common link between photosynthesis and respiration in a blue-green alga. Nature 199:670-672.
66. Kana, T. M. 1993. Rapid oxygen cycling in Trichodesmium thiebautii. Limnol. Oceanogr. 38:18-24.
67. Koenig, F., and M. Schmidt. 1995. Gloeobacter violaceus - investigation of an unusual photosynthetic apparatus - absence of the long-wavelength emission of photosystem-I in 77 K fluorescence-spectra. Physiol. Plant. 94:621-628.
68. Kolbowski, J., and U. Schreiber. 1995. Computer controlled phytoplankton analyser based on chlorophyll fluorescence analysis using 4 different wavelengths. Xth International Photosynthesis Congress. Photosynth. Res. S1: 10-013.
69. Krause, G. H., and E. Weis. 1991. Chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis: the basics. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 42:313-349.
70. Krause, G. H., C. Vernotte, and J.-M. Briantais. 1982. Photoinduced quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence in intact chloroplasts and algae. Resolution into two components. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 679:116-124.
71. 6 complex with plastoquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase activity from Anabaena variabilis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 681:110-117.
72. Lange, O. L., W. Bilger, S. Rimke, and U. Schreiber. 1989. Chlorophyll fluorescence of lichens containing green and blue-green algae during hydration by water vapor uptake and by addition of liquid water. Bot. Acta 102:306-313.
73. Laudenbach, D. E., and N. A. Straus. 1988. Characterization of a cyanobacterial iron stress-induced gene similar to psbC. J. Bacteriol. 170:5018-5026.
74. Laudenbach, D. E., S. K. Herbert, C. McDowell, D. C. Fork, A. Grossman, and N. A. Straus. 1990. Cytochrome c-553 is not required for photosynthetic activity in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus. Plant Cell 2:913-924.
75. Lee, T., M. Tsuzuki, K. Yokoyama, and I. Karube. 1994. In-Vivo fluorometric method for early detection of cyanobacterial waterblooms. J. App. Phycol. 6:489-495.
76. Leisner, J. M. R., W. Bilger, and O. L. Lange. 1996. Chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of the cyanobacterial lichen Peltigera rufescens under field conditions. 1. Seasonal patterns of photochemical activity and the occurrence of Photosystem II inhibition. Flora 191:261-273.
77. 2 exchange measurements in the field. Symbiosis 23:165-182.
78. Leonhardt, K. G., and N. A. Straus. 1992. An iron stress operon involved in photosynthetic electron transport in the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. J. Gen. Microbiol. 138:1613-1621.
79. Leonhardt, K. G., and N. A. Straus. 1994. Photosystem II genes isiA, psbD1 and psbC in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120: cloning, sequencing and the transcriptional regulation in iron-stressed and iron-repleted cells. Plant Mol. Biol. 24:63-73.
80. Li, Q. L., and D. T. Canvin. 1997. Inorganic carbon accumulation stimulates linear electron flow to artificial electron-acceptors of Photosystem-I in air-grown cells of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus UTEX-625. Plant Physiol. 114:1273-1281.
81. 2 photoreduction in air-grown cells of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus UTEX-625. Can. J. Bot. 75:946-954.
82. Lien, S., and A. San Pietro. 1979. On the reactivity of oxygen with photosystem I electron acceptors. FEBS Lett. 99:189-193.
83. Lüttge, U., B. Büdel, E. Ball, F. Strube, and P. Weber. 1995. Photosynthesis of terrestrial cyanobacteria under light and desiccation stress as expressed by chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange. J. Exp. Bot. 46:309-319.
84. Manna, P., and W. Vermass. 1997. Lumenal proteins involved in respiratory electron-transport in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Plant Mol. Biol. 35:407-416.
85. Maxwell, D. P., S. Falk, and N. P. A. Huner. 1995. Photosystem II excitation and development of resistance to photoinhibition. Plant Physiol. 107:687-694.
86. 2 fixation in the diazotrophic cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142, p. 389-392. In P. Mathis (ed.), Research in photosynthesis, vol. II, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
87. 2 signals under flashing light in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Photosynth. Res. 45:31-40.
88. Mi, H. L., T. Endo, U. Schreiber, T. Ogawa, and K. Asada. 1992. Electron donation from cyclic and respiratory flows to the photosynthetic interesystem chain is mediated by pyridine nucleotide dehydrogenase in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Plant Cell Physiol. 33:1233-1237.
89. Mi, H. L., T. Endo, T. Ogawa, and K. Asada. 1995. Thylakoid membrane-bound, NADPH-specific pyridine nucleotide dehydrogenase complex mediates cyclic electron transport in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Plant Cell Physiol. 36:661-668.
90. a. Miller, A. Personal communication.
91. Miller, A. G., and D. T. Canvin. 1987. The quenching of chlorophyll a fluorescence as a consequence of the transport of inorganic carbon by the cyanobacterium Synechococcus UTEX 625. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 894: 407-413.
92. 2 photo-reduction by the cyanobacterium Synechococcus UTEX 625. Plant Physiol. 88:6-9.
93. Miller, A. G., G. S. Espie, and D. Bruce. 1996. Characterization of the non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence that occurs during the active accumulation of inorganic carbon in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC 7942. Photosynth. Res. 49:251-262.
94. - transport by the cyanobacterium Synechococcus UTEX 6251. Plant Physiol. 86:655-658.
95. Miller, A. G., G. S. Espie, and D. T. Canvin. 1991. The effects of inorganic carbon and oxygen on fluorescence in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus UTEX 625. Can. J. Bot. 69:1151-1160.
96. Mir, N. A., C. Salon, and D. T. Canvin. 1995. Photosynthetic nitrite reduction as influenced by the internal inorganic carbon pool in air-grown cells of Synechococcus UTEX-625. Plant Physiol. 108:313-318.
97. 2 conditions. Z. Naturforsch. Sect. C 51:40-46.
98. Mullineaux, C. W., and J. F. Allen. 1986. The state 2 transition in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6301 can be driven by respiratory electron flow into the plastoquinone pool. FEBS Lett. 205:155-160.
99. Mullineaux, C. W., and J. F. Allen. 1990. State 1-state 2 transitions in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6301 are controlled by the redox state of electron carriers between Photosystems I and II. Photosynth. Res. 23:297-311.
100. Mullineaux, C. W., M. J. Tobin, and G. R. Jones. 1997. Mobility of photosynthetic complexes in thylakoid membranes. Nature 390:421-424.
101. Murata, N. 1969. Control of excitation transfer in photosynthesis. I. Light-induced change of chlorophyll a fluorescence in Porphyridium cruentum. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 172:242-251.
102. Myers, J., J. R. Graham, and R. T. Wang. 1980. Light harvesting in Anacystis nidulans studied in pigment mutants. Plant Physiol. 66:1144-1149.
103. Ögren, E. 1994. The significance of photoinhibition for photosynthetic productivity, p. 433-447. In N. R. Baker and J. R. Bowyer (ed.), Photoinhibition of photosynthesis: from molecular mechanisms to the field. Bios Scientific Publishers, Oxford, United Kingdom.
104. Ögren, E., and G. Öquist 1984. Photoinhibition of photosynthesis in Lemna gibba as induced by the interaction between light and temperature. II. Photosynthetic electron transport. Physiol. Plant. 62:187-192.
105. Ögren, E., and E. Rosenqvist. 1992. On the significance of photoinhibition of photosynthesis in the field and its generality among species. Photosynth. Res. 33:63-71.
106. Öquist, G., J. M. Anderson, S. McCaffery, and W. S. Chow. 1992. Mechanistic differences in photoinhibition of sun and shade plants. Planta 188: 422-431.
107. Öquist, G., and N. P. A. Huner. 1993. Cold-hardening-induced resistance to photoinhibition of photosynthesis in winter rye is dependent upon an increased capacity for photosynthesis. Planta 189:150-156.
108. 2 evolution. Photosynth. Res. 33:51-62.
109. Öquist, G., D. Campbell, A. K. Clarke, and P. Gustafsson. 1995. The cyanobacterium Synechococcus modulates PS II function in response to excitation stress through D1 exchange. Photosynth. Res. 46:151-158.
110. Öquist, G., V. M. Hurry, and N. P. A. Huner. 1993. Low-temperature effects on photosynthesis and correlation with freezing tolerance in spring and winter cultivars of wheat and rye. Plant Physiol. 101:245-250.
111. Öquist, G., V. M. Hurry, and N. P. A. Huner. 1993. The temperature dependence of the redox state of QA and susceptibility of photosynthesis to photoinhibition. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 31:683-691.
112. 2 in lichen photobionts. Symbiosis 18:95-109.
113. 2-concentrating mechanism. Planta 191:48-56.
114. Palmqvist, K., G. Samuelsson, and M. R. Badger. 1994. Photobiont-related differences in carbon acquisition among green-algal lichens. Planta 195:70-79.
115. Papageorgiou, G., and Govindjee. 1968. Light-induced changes in the fluorescence yield of chlorophyll a in vivo. 1. Anacystis nidulans. Biophys. J. 8:1299-1315.
116. Papageorgiou, G. C. 1996. The photosynthesis of cyanobacteria (blue bacteria) from the perspective of signal analysis of chlorophyll a fluorescence. J. Sci. Ind. Res. 55:596-617.
117. a. Park, Y.-I., G. Samuelsson, and G. Öquist. Unpublished data.
118. Peschek, G. A., and G. Schmetterer. 1982. Evidence for plastoquinol-cytochrome f/b-563 oxidoreductase as a common electron donor to P-700 and cytochrome oxidase in cyanobacteria. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 108:1188-1195.
119. Rippka, R., J. Deruelles, J. B. Waterbury, M. Herdman, and R. Y. Stanier. 1979. Generic assignments, strain histories and properties of pure cultures of cyanobacteria. J. Gen. Microbiol. 111:1-61.
120. Rippka, R., J. Waterbury, and G. Cohen-Bazire. 1974. A cyanobacterium which lacks thylakoids. Arch. Microbiol. 100:419-436.
121. Romero, J. M., C. Lara, and M. N. Sivak. 1992. Effect of carbon and nitrogen assimilation on chlorophyll fluorescence emission by the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans. Physiol. Plant. 85:433-438.
122. Sabbert, D., S. Engelbrecht, and W. Junge. 1996. Intersubunit rotation in active F-ATPase. Nature 381:623-625.
123. Salehian, O., and D. Bruce. 1992. Distribution of excitation energy in photosynthesis, quantification of fluorescence yields form intact cyanobacteria. J. Lumin. 51:91-98.
124. Sandmann, G. 1986. Formation of plastocyanin and cytochrome c-533 in different species of blue-green algae. Arch. Microbiol. 145:76-79.
125. Sandmann, G., and P. Böger. 1980. Copper induced exchange of plastocyanin and cytochrome c-553 in cultures of Anabaena variabilis and Plectonema borianum. Plant Sci. 17:417-424.
126. Scherer, S., E. Stürzl, and P. Böger. 1982. Interaction of respiratory and photosynthetic electron transport in Anabaena variabilis Kütz. Arch. Microbiol. 132:333-337.
127. Scherer, S., H. Almon, and P. Böger. 1988. Interaction of photosynthesis, respiration and nitrogen fixation in cyanobacteria. Photosynth. Res. 15:95-114.
128. Schneegurt, M., D. M. Sherman, S. Nayar, and L. M. Sherman. 1994. Oscillating behaviour of carbohydrate granule formation and dinitrogen fixation in the cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. strain ATCC 51142. J. Bacteriol. 176:1586-1597.
129. Schneegurt, M. A., D. M. Sherman, and L. M. Sherman. 1997. Composition of the carbohydrate granules of the cyanobacterium, Cyanothece sp. strain ATCC 51142. Arch. Microbiol. 167:89-98.
130. Schreiber, U. 1994. New emitter-detector-cuvette assembly for measuring modulated chlorophyll fluorescence of highly diluted suspensions in conjunction with the standard PAM fluorometer. Z. Naturforsch. C 49:646-656.
131. Schreiber, U., R. Gademann, P. J. Ralph, and A. W. D. Larkum. 1997. Assessment of photosynthetic performance of Prochloron in Lissoclinum patella in hospite by chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. Plant Cell Physiol. 38:945-951.
132. Schreiber, U., H. Hormann, C. Neubauer, and C. Klughammer. 1995. Assessment of photosystem II photochemical quantum yield by chlorophyll fluorescence quenching analysis. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 22:209-220.
133. Schreiber, U., T. Endo, H. Mi, and K. Asada. 1995. Quenching analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence by the saturation pulse method: particular aspects relating to the study of eukaryotic algae and cyanobacteria. Plant Cell Physiol. 36:873-882.
134. Schreiber, U., U. Schliwa, and W. Bilger. 1986. Continuous recording of photochemical and non-photochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching with a new type of modulation fluorometer. Photosynth. Res. 10:51-62.
135. Schroeter, B. 1994. In-situ photosynthetic differentiation of the green algal and the cyanobacterial photobiont in the crustose lichen Placopsis contortuplicata. Oecologja 98:212-220.
136. Schubert, H., H. Matthijs, and L. Mur. 1995. In vivo assay of P700 redox changes in the cyanobacterium Fremyella diplosiphon and the role of cytochrome-c-oxidase in regulation of photosynthetic electron transfer. Photosythetica 31:517-527.
137. Schubert, H., H. C. P. Matthijs, L. R. Mur, and U. Schiewer. 1995. Blooming of cyanobacteria in turbulent water with steep light gradients: the effect of intermittent light and dark periods on the oxygen evolution capacity of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 18:237-245.
138. Schubert, H., R. Forster, and S. Sager. 1995. In situ measurement of state transition in cyanobacterial blooms: kinetics and extent of the state change in relation to underwater light and vertical mixing. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 128:99-108.
139. Seaton, G. R., and D. A. Walker. 1990. Chlorophyll fluorescence as a measure of photosynthetic carbon metabolism. Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B 242:29-35.
140. Shyam, R., A. S. Raghavendra, and P. V. Sane. 1993. Role of dark respiration in photoinhibition of photosynthesis and its reactivation in the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans. Physiol. Plant. 88:446-452.
141. Sidler, W. 1994. Phycobilisome and phycobiliprotein structures, p. 139-216. In D. A. Bryant (ed.), The molecular biology of cyanobacteria. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
142. Strasser, R. J., A. Srivastava, and Govindjee. 1995. Polyphasic chlorophyll-alpha fluorescence transient in plants and cyanobacteria. Photochem. Photobiol. 61:32-42.
143. 2 gain and photosynthetic light acclimation from fluorescence yield and quenching in cyano-lichens. Planta 201:138-145.
144. Tanaka, Y., S. Katada, H. Ishikawa, T. Ogawa, and T. Takabe. 1997. Electron flow front NAD(P)H dehydrogenase to Photosystem-I is required for adaptation to salt shock in the cyanobacterium-Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Plant Cell Physiol. 38:1311-1318.
145. Tandeau de Marsac, N., and J. Houmard. 1988. Complementary chromatic adaptation: physiological conditions and action spectra. Methods Enzymol. 167:318-328.
146. Ting, C. S., and T. G. Owens. 1992. Limitations of the pulse-modulated technique for measuring the fluorescence characteristics of algae. Plant Physiol. 100:367-373.
147. Torzillo, G., P. Accolla, E. Pinzani, and J. Masojidek. 1996. In-situ monitoring of chlorophyll fluorescence to assess the synergistic effect of low-temperature and high irradiance stresses in Spirulina cultures grown outdoors in photobioreactors. J. Appl. Phycol. 8:283-291.
148. Trebst, A. 1980. Inhibitors in electron flow. Methods Enzymol. 69:675-715.
149. Trissl, H.-W., and J. Lavergne. 1995. Fluorescence induction from photosystem II: analytical equations for the yields of photochemistry and fluorescence derived from analysis of a model including exciton-radical pair equilibrium and restricted energy transfer between photosynthetic units. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 22:183-193.
150. van Kooten, O., and J. F. H. Snel. 1990. The use of chlorophyll fluorescence nomenclature in plant stress physiology. Photosynth. Res. 25:147-150.
151. +/ATP coupling ratio of the ATP synthase from thiol-modulated chloroplasts and two cyanobacterial strains is four. FEBS Lett. 379:309-313.
152. Vermaas, W. F. J., G. Shen, and S. Styling. 1994. Electrons generated by photosystem II are utilized by an oxidase in the absence of photosystem I in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. FEBS Lett. 337:103-108.
153. Vernotte, C., A. L. Etienne, and J. M. Briantais. 1979. Quenching of the system II chlorophyll fluorescence by the plastoquinone pool. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 545:519-527.
154. Vernotte, C., C. Astier, and J. Olive. 1990. State 1-state 2 adaptation in the cyanobacteria Synechocystis PCC 6714 wild type and Synechocystis PCC 6803 wild type and phycocyanin-less mutant. Photosynth. Res. 26:203-212.
155. Vonshak, A., G. Torzillo, P. Accolla, and L. Tomaselli. 1996. Light and oxygen stress in Spirulina platensis (cyanobacteria) grown outdoors in tubular reactors. Physiol. Plant. 97:175-179.
156. Walker, D. 1987. The use of the oxygen electrode and fluorescence probes in simple measurements of photosynthesis. Hansatech Instruments Ltd., Kings Lynn, United Kingdom.
157. Walters, R. G., and P. Horton. 1993. Theoretical assessment of alternative mechanisms for non-photochemical quenching of PS II fluorescence in barley leaves. Photosynth. Res. 36:119-139.
158. Weis, E., and J. A. Berry. 1987. Quantum efficiency of photosystem II in relation to energy dependent quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 894:198-208.
159. Zhang, L., B. McSpadden, H. B. Pakarasi, and J. Whitmarsh. 1992. Copper mediated regulation of cytochrome c553 and plastocyanin in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803. J. Biol. Chem. 267:19054-19059.
160. 553 and plastocyanin. J. Biol. Chem. 269:5036-5042.
161. Zhao, J., J. Zhou, and D. A. Bryant. 1992. Energy transfer processes in phycobilisomes as deduced from analyses of mutants of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002, p. 25-32. In N. Murata (ed.) Research in photosynthesis, vol 1. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
162. Zhou, G., and P. Gustafsson. Unpublished data.
163. Zhou, G. Unpublished data.