Women in development: a critical analysis

Third World Quarterly

Volumn 19, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 395-410

  Koczberski, Gina ^a  

^a CURTIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY; GENDER ISSUES; WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT;

EID: 0031718807     PISSN: 01436597     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01436599814316     Document Type: Article

References (94)

1. E M Rathgebcr, Integrating gender into development: research and action agendas for the 1990s", Journal of Developing Societies, VIII, 1992, pp 11-29;
2. United Nations Population Fund, Notebook, Populi, 20(2), 1993, p 16;
3. and United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report 1996, New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
4. Quoted in I Tinker, The making of a field: advocates, practitioners, and scholars, in Tinker (cd). Persistent Inequalities, Woman and World Development, New York: Oxford University Press, 1990, pp 27-53 (emphasis added).
5. M Mies, Gender and global capitalism, in L Skiair (cd), Capitalism and Development, London: Routledge, 1994, pp 107-122;
6. G Chowdhry, Engendering development? Women in Development (WID) in international development regimes, in M Marchand & J Parpart (cds), Feminism, Postmodernism, Development, London: Routledge, 1995, pp 26-41;
7. J Parpart, Deconstructing the development "expert": gender, development and the "vulnerable groups", in M Marchand & J Parpart (eds), Feminism, Postmodernism, Development, London: Routledge, 1995, pp 221-243;
8. and G Koczbcrski, From Mexico to Beijing: "Women in Development" twenty five years on, Australian Geographical Studies, 34(1), 1996, pp 138-148.
9. Australian International Development Assistance Bureau (AIDAB), Australias Overseas Aid Program 1991-92, Budget Related Paper No 4, 1991, Canberra: Australian Publishing Service, 1991.
10. Australian International Development Assistance Bureau, Women in Development, Guidelines and Procedures, Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1984;
11. M R Pfanncr & M W Ward, The Integration ofwto Policy into the Country Program, Canberra: AIDAB 1988;
12. C Burton, Review of the AIDAB Women in Development Fund 1984-1990, Part 1: Background Review, Draft, Canberra: AIDAB, 1988;
13. M Johnson & A Johnston, Gender Analysis Team Final Report, Canberra: AIDAB, 1991;
14. Australian International Development Assistance Bureau, Women Moving Fonvard, Review of the integration of women in development policy into Australian International Development Assistance Bureau programmes, Executive Summary, Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1992;
15. and AUSAID, One Clear Objective. Poverty Reduction Through Suslainable Development. Report of the Committee of Review, Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1997, pp 242-243.
16. D Conycrs & P Hill, An Introduction of Development Planning in the Third World, Chichester. Wiley, 1984;
17. D Johnston, Constructing the periphery in modem global polities, in C Murphy & R Tooze (eds), The New International Political Economy, boulder, CO: Lynne Rcinner, 1991, pp 149-169.
18. M Hetherington, British Paternalism and Africa 1920-1940, London: Frank Cass, 1978;
19. P Blaikie & H Brookfield, Colonialism, development and degradation, in Blaikie & Brookfield (cds), Land Degradation and Society, London: Methucn, 1987, pp 100-121;
20. J dc Groot, Conceptions and misconceptions: the historical and cultural context of discussion on women and development in H Afshar (cd), Women, Development and Sunïval in the Third World, New York: Longman, 1991, pp 107-135;
21. M Havinden & D Meredith, Colonialism and Development: Britain and its Tropical Colonies 1850-1960, London: Routledge, 1993;
22. and M Dhaouadi, Capitalism, global humane development and the other underdevelopment, in L. Sklair Capitalism and Development, 1994, pp 140-164.
23. C Mohanty, Under Western eyes: feminist scholarship and colonial discourses, in C Mohanty, A Russo, & L Torress (eds). Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism, Bloomington, in: Indiana University Press, 1991. pp 51-80.
24. H Brookfield, Colonialism, Development and Independence. The Case of the Melanesian Islands in the South Pacific, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1972;
25. M Jolly & M Macintyre (eds), Family and Gender in the Pacific. Domestic Contradictions and the Colonial Impact, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989;
26. and D Porter, B Allen, & G Thompson, Development in Practice. Paved With Good Intentions, London: Routledge, 1991.
27. For examples from the South Pacific region sec Jolly & Macintyrc, Family and Gender in the Pacific. "
28. H Ware, Women, Demography and Development, Canberra: Australian National University, Development Studies Centre, 1981;
29. Blaikie & Brookfield, Land Degradation and Society.
30. Ware, Women, Demography and Development.
31. See W W Rostow, The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1960.
32. J Parpart & M Marchand, Exploding the canon: an introduction/conclusion, in Marchand & Parpart, Feminism, Postmodernism, Development.
33. See for example, A Hoben, Anthropologists and development, Annual Review of Anthropology, 11, 1982, pp 349-75;
34. R Chambers, Rural Development: Putting the Last First, London: Longman, 1983.
35. E. Boulding, Integration into what? Reflections on development planning for women. Convergence 13(1-2), 1980, pp 50-59.
36. Cited in H M Spiro, Women farmers and traders in Oyo state, Nigeria-a case study of their changing roles, in J Henshall-Momscn & J Townsend (eds), Geography of Gender in the Third World. London: State University of New York Press, 1987, pp 173-191.
37. R Dixon, Assessing the impact of development projects on women AID Program Evaluation Discussion Paper No 8, USAID, 1980, p 4;
38. A Carloni, Women in Development: AIDS Experience, 1973-1985, Vol I Synthesis Paper, AID Program Evaluation Report No 18, USAID, 1987.
39. J Brucc, Homes divided. World Development, 17(7), 1989, pp 979-92;
40. A M Faulkner & V A Lawson, Employment versus empowerment: a case study of the nature of womens work in Ecuador, Journal of Developing Studies, 27(4), 1991, pp 16-47;
41. I Papps, Women, work and well-being in the Middle East: an outline of the relevant literature, Journal of Development Studies, 28(4), 1992, pp 595-616.
42. See N McDowcIl, Complementarity: the relationship between female and male in the East Sepik Village of Bun, Papua New Guinea", in D OBrien & S Tiffany (cds), Rethinking Womens Roles. Perspectives from the Pacific, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1984, pp 32-52;
43. F Errington & D Gewertz, Cultural Alternatives and a Feminist Anthropology. An Analysis of Culturally Constructed Gender Interest in Papua New Guinea, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987;
44. and M Strathern, The Gender of the Gift. Problems with Women and Problems with Society in Melanesia, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1990.
45. World Bank, Women in Development. Issues for Economic and Sector Analysis, Working Paper, Women in Development Division, Population and Human Resources Department, Washington, 1989, p v.
46. Australian International Development Assistance Bureau, Report of the Committee to Revie^v the Australian Overseas Aid Program, Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1984. The report was part of a major review of the Australian aid programme, and had a considerable impact on the types of programmes and policies later introduced by AUSAID.
47. World Bank, Women in Development.
48. Ibid, Women in Development, p 38.
49. Ibid, Women in Development, p 39.
50. J Parpart, Who is the other? A postmodern feminist critique of women and development theory and practice. Development and Change, 24, 1993, pp 439-464.
51. A Ong, Colonialism and modernity: feminist representations of women in non-Western societies, Inscriptions, 3/4(2), 1988, pp 79-93;
52. G Spivak, Can the subaltern speak?, in C Nelson & L Grassbcrg (cds), Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture, Urbana & Chicago, IL: University of Illinois, 1988, pp 271-313;
53. T Minh-ha, Woman, Native, Other, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1989;
54. I Schick, Representing Middle Eastern women: feminism and colonial discourse, Feminist Studies, 16(2), 1988, pp 345-380;
55. Mohanty, Under Western eyes; and G Koczbcrski, Women in development: an examination of the ideology, policy and practice, unpublished MA thesis, University of New England, 1993.
56. For a discussion on similarities of WID discourse and colonial discourse see F Apffel-Marglin & S Simon, Feminist orientalism and development, in W Harcourt (ed), Feminist Perspectives on Sustainable Development, London: Zed Books, 1994, pp 11-25;
57. and Mohanty, Under Western eyes.
58. The WID efficiency policy aims to ensure development is efficient and effective by increasing womens economic participation and their productivity in the formal economy. Low education levels and unproductive technologies are identified as the main constraints affecting womens economic participation. Efficiency policies are closely associated with structural adjustment programmes.
59. P Soysa, Women and nutrition, World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics, 52, 1987, pp 1-70;
60. N Levine, Womens work and infant feeding: a case from rural Nepal, Ethnology, 27(3), 1988, pp 231-251;
61. A Mehretu & C Mutambirwa, Gender differences in time and energy costs of distance from regular domestic chores in rural Zimbabwe: a case study in the Chiduku communal area, World Development 20(11), 1992, pp 1675-1683.
62. See Tinker, Persistent Inequalities, pp 27-53;
63. H Barren & A Browne, Time for development? The case of womens horticultural schemes in rural Gambia, Scottish Geographical Magazine, 105(1), 1989, pp 4-11;
64. and L Mayoux, Beyond naivety: women, gender inequality and participatory development, Development and Change, 26(2), 1995, pp 235-258.
65. Sec Parpart, Deconstructing the development "expert".
66. See, for example, G Koczberski & G Curry, Women and migration: a case study from a rural lowland village in Papua New Guinea, in J Fairhurst, J Booysen, & P Hattingh (eds), Migration and Gender: Place, Time and People Specific, Pretoria: International Geography Union on Gender and Migration, University of Pretoria Press, 1997, pp 183-198.
67. Mayoux, Beyond naivety.
68. H Papanek, The differential impact of programmes and policies on women in development", in R Dauber & M L Cain (eds), Women and Technological Change in Developing Countries, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1981, pp 215-226;
69. A Bandarage, Women in development: liberalism, Marxism and Marxist feminism", Development and Change, 15, 1984, pp 495-515.
70. Koczbcrski, Women in development.
71. See for example, M Mies, The Lace Makers ofNarsapur: Indian Housewives Produce for the World Market, London: Zed Press, 1982;
72. L Mayoux, The poverty of income generation: a critique of womens handicraft schemes in India, in T Wallace & C March (eds), Changing Perceptions. Writings on Gender and Development, Oxford: Oxfam, 1991, pp 219-235;
73. M Warner, R Al-Hassan & J Kydd, Beyond gender roles? Conceptualising the social and economic lives of rural people in sub-Saharan Africa, Development and Change, 28, 1997, pp 143-168.
74. Mayoux, The poverty of income generation, p 226.
75. United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report 1996, New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
76. T Svcnsson, "Theories and mythologies of the Third World, in M Morncr & T Svcnsson (eds), The Transformation of Rural Society in the Third World, London: Routledge, 1991.
77. Tinker, A context for the field and the book" in Tinker, Persistent Inequalities, p 5.
78. The project cycle is a planning tool used by AUSAID (based on the World Banks project cycle) that guides the project manager through each stage of the project from identification, appraisal, implementation, through to final evaluation of the project.
79. Porter et al. Development in Practice.
80. This issue of control is taken further by Escobar, who critically examines the history of development planning and sees it as a means of maintaining dominance and power over Third World countries. A Escobar, Development planning, in S Corbridge (ed), Development Studies. A Reader, London: Edward Arnold, 1995, pp 64-77.
81. D Rondinelli, Development Projects as Policy Experiments. An Adaptive Approach to Development Administration, London, Methuen, 1993.
82. R Grillenden & D Lea, Geographers and logical development practice: the smallholder market access and food supply programme in Papua New Guinea, Applied Geography, 12, 1991, pp 47-64.
83. Rondinelli, Development Projects as Policy Experiments,
84. and Porter et al, Development in Practice.
85. Rondinelli, Development Projects as Policy Experiments;
86. R Grillenden & D Lea, Geographers and logical development practice: the smallholder market access and food supply programme in Papua New Guinea, Applied Geography, 12, 1991, pp 47-64;
87. and Porter et al, Development in Practice.
88. Australian International Development Assistance Bureau, Women Moving Fonvard.
89. Ibid, Women Moving Fonvard, pp 3-4.
90. AUSAID, One Clear Objective, pp 244-245.
91. E Boulding, Integration into whal? Reflections on development planning for women, Convergence, 13(1-2), 1980, pp 50-59.
92. R Chambers, Rural Development;
93. P Richards, Indigenous Agricultural Revolution, London: Hutchinson, 1985;
94. and M Edwards, "The irrelevance of development studies, Third World Quarterly, 11, 1989, pp 116-135.