Beyond dualism: Rethinking theories of development in a global-local framework

Regional Development Dialogue

Volumn 19, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 16-18

  Douglass, Mike ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DUALISM; POVERTY ALLEVIATION; SOCIAL POLICY; URBAN POVERTY; WORKING CONDITIONS;

EID: 0031718088     PISSN: 02506505     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. 1/ H. D. Evers, "Urban Poverty and Labour Supply Strategies in Jakarta" in G. Rodgers, ed.. Urban Poverty and the Labour Market (Geneva: International LabourOffice (ILO), 1989);
2. and Mike Douglass, "Urban Poverty and Policy Alternatives in Asia" in United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UN/ESCAP), State of Urbanization in Asia (Bangkok: Division of Industry, Human Settlements and Environment, UN/ESCAP, 1993), see chapter 4.
3. 2/ i. Smith, "Nonwage Labour and Subsistence" in J. Smith, I. Wallerstein, and H. D. Evers, eds., Households and the World-Economy (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage,1984), pp. 64-89.
4. 3/ K. Polanyi, The Great Transformation (Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1957).
5. 4/ Douglass, "Urban Poverty."
6. 5/ John Friedmann, Empowerment: The Politics of Alternative Development (New York: Blackwell, 1992).
7. 6/ D. Harvey, "Social Justice, Postmodernism and the City," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 16 (4:1992):587'-601. ,
8. 7/ lbid.:59l.
9. 8/ Hernando de Soto, The Other Path: The Invisible Revolution in the Third World (New York: Harper and Row, 1990).
10. 9/ C. Sussangkarn, T. Ashakul, and C. Myers, "Labor Market Segmentation and Open Unemployment" (Discussion Paper) (Bangkok: Thailand Development Resource Institute, 1986).
11. 10/ Keith Hart, "Informal Income Opportunities and Urban Government in Ghana," Journal of Modern African Studies ( 11:1973):61 -89.
12. 11/ A. Portes, M. Castells, and L. Benton, eds., The Informal Economy (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989);
13. M. Piore and C. Sabel, The Second Industrial Divide: Possibilitiesfor Prosperity (New York: Basic Books, 1984);
14. and M. Fernandez-Kelly and A. Garcia, "The Making of an Underground Economy: Hispanic Women, Home Work, and the Advanced Capitalist State," Urban Anthropology (14:1985):l-3.
15. 12/ J. C. Breman, "The Informal Sector" in Research: Theory and Practice (Rotterdam: Erasmus University, 1980).
16. 13/ Ibid.
17. 14/ The ILO and most national accounts thus classify work status into: employer, employee, own account, and unpaid family worker. These categories cannot reveal worker-enterprise relations that are more typically characterized as disguised wage work, individual subcontracted, or piece-rate work. As production becomes increasingly globalized, these latter forms of employment are growing through so-called subcontracting arrangements about which contracting companies in the US and elsewhere ask few questions about labourconditions in subcontracted work, which may take place in sweatshops in highincome countries as well as in poorer ones.
18. 15/ M. Digregorio, "Labor Systems and Management of the Urban Environment: An Analysis of Waste Recovery in Hanoi, Vietnam" (Master's thesis, Urban and Regional Planning, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, 1993).
19. 16/ A. Middleton, "The Changing Structure of Petty Production in Ecuador," World Development 17(l:1989):139-55.
20. 17/ Mike Douglass and M. Zoghlin, "Sustainable Cities from the Grassroots: Livelihood, Habitat and Social Networks in Suan Phlu, Bangkok," Third World Planning Review (May 1994): 171-200.
21. 18/ Friedmann, Empowerment.
22. 19/ N. Folbre, "Hearts and Spades: Paradigms of Household Economics," World Development 14(2:1986): 245-55.
23. 20/ As developed by Deyo, while the competitive segments of labour at the lowest rung of the system are disciplined by the wage at the point of production, the relative scarcity of more skilled labour moves competition into non-wage forms of compensation and discipline. In these situations, enterprise owners and managers take on multistranded interpersonal relationships with employees that are mediated by cultural values and institutions and that serve to promote loyalty and inhibit interfirm labour mobility. See F. Deyo, "Labour Systems, Production Structures and Export-manufacturing: The East Asian NIC's" Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science 17 (1989):8-24.
24. 21/ Mike Douglass, "Urbanization and Social Transformations in East Asia" in W. B. Kim and Mike Douglass, eds., Culture and the City in East Asia (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997).
25. 22/ Mike Douglass, 'Transnational Capital and the Social Construction of Comparative Advantage in Southeast Asia," Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science 19 (1,2:1991): 14-43;
26. and his 'The 'Developmental State' and the Newly Industrialized Economies of Asia," Environment and Planning A (26:1994):543-66.
27. 23/ D. Apter and N. Sawa, Against the State (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1984).
28. 24/ R. M. Williams, Jr., "The Sociology of Ethnic Conflicts: Comparative International Perspective," Annual Review of Sociology Annual 1994 20 (1994):49-81.
29. 25/ See J. Agnew and J. Duncan, "Introduction" in their The Power of Place (New York: Unvvin Hyman, 1989), pp. 1-8.
30. 26/ A. D. King, "Colonialism, UrbanismandtheCapitalistWorldEconomy,"//i/e/'/ia?/o;ia/yowr/ia/o/f/rean and Regional Research 13 (1989): 1-18.
31. 27/ Douglass, "Urbanization and Social Transformations."
32. 28/ See Samuel P. Huntington, "The Clash of Civilizations," Foreign Affairs 72 (3:1993): 22-50. Huntington declares that in the future "the great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be cultural. Nation states will remain the most powerful actors in world affairs, but the principal conflicts of global politics will occur between nations and groups of different civilizations. The fault lines between civilizations will be the battle lines of the future." Defining civilization as a cultural entity, with "villages, regions, ethnic groups, nationalities, religious groups all have distinct cultures at different levels of cultural heterogeneity," Huntington argues that while politics and economics are negotiable, culture is less mutable, less easily compromised. As communications and transportation continue to shrink the globe, the butting of cultures against each other will intensify rather than reduce the conscious awareness of cultural differences.