Relation between transamination of branched-chain amino acids and urea synthesis: Evidence from human pregnancy

American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism

Volumn 275, Issue 3 38-3, 1998, Pages

  Kalhan, Satish C ^a   Rossi, Karen Q ^a   Gruca, Lourdes L ^a   Super, Dennis M ^a   Savin, Samuel M ^a  

^a CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Leucine; Nitrogen accretion; Stable isotopes

Indexed keywords

2 OXOGLUTARIC ACID; BRANCHED CHAIN AMINO ACID; CARBON 13; INSULIN; LEUCINE; NITROGEN; NITROGEN 15; OXYGEN 18; UREA; WATER;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CALORIMETRY; DEAMINATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MASS SPECTROMETRY; NITROGEN METABOLISM; NORMAL HUMAN; OXIDATION; PREGNANCY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TRANSAMINATION; UREA CYCLE;

EID: 0031717960     PISSN: 01931849     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1998.275.3.e423     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Adams, R. F. Determination of amino acid profiles in biological samples by gas chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 95: 189-212, 1974.
2. Arslanian, S. A., and S. C. Kalhan. Correlations between fatty acid and glucose metabolism. Potential explanation of insulin resistance of puberty. Diabetes 43: 908-914, 1994.
3. Assel, B., K. Rossi, and S. Kalhan. Glucose metabolism during fasting through human pregnancy: comparison of tracer method with respiratory calorimetry. Am. J. Physiol. 265 (Endocrinol. Metab. 28): E351-E356, 1993.
4. Beaton, G. H. Urea formation in the pregnant rat. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 67: 1-9, 1957.
5. Bier, D. M. Intrinsically difficult problems: the kinetics of body proteins and amino acids in man. Diabetes Metab. Rev. 5: 111-132, 1989.
6. Biolo, G., F. Iscra, G. Toigo, B. Ciocchi, R. Situlin, A. Gullo, and G. Guarnieri. Effects of growth hormone administration on skeletal muscle glutamine metabolism in severely traumatized patients: preliminary report. Clin. Nutr. (Edinb.) 16: 89-91, 1997.
7. Catalano, P. M., E. D. Tyzbir, R. R. Wolfe, J. Calles, N. M. Roman, S. B. Amini, and E. A. H. Sims. Carbohydrate metabolism during pregnancy in control subjects and women with gestational diabetes. Am. J. Physiol. 264 (Endocrinol. Metab. 27): E60-E67, 1993.
8. Catalano, P. M., W. W. Wong, N. M. Drago, and S. B. Amini. Estimating body composition in late gestation: a new hydration constant for body density and total body. Am. J. Physiol. 268 (Endocrinol. Metab. 31): E153-E158, 1995.
9. Cetin, I., C. Corbetta, L. P. Sereni, A. M. Marconi, P. Bozzetti, G. Pardi, and F. C. Battaglia. Umbilical amino acid concentrations in normal and growth-retarded fetuses sampled in utero by cordocentesis. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 162: 253-261, 1990.
10. Cetin, I., A. M. Marconi, P. Bozzetti, L. P. Sereni, C. Corbetta, G. Pardi, and F. C. Battaglia. Umbilical amino acid concentrations in appropriate and small for gestational age infants: a biochemical difference present in utero. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 158: 120-126, 1988.
11. 15N]leucine as the tracer. Clin. Sci. (Colch.) 73: 241-246, 1987.
12. Dahms, W. T., R. P. Owens, S. C. Kalhan, D. S. Kerr, and R. K. Danish. Urea synthesis, nitrogen balance, and glucose turnover in growth hormone-deficient children before and after growth hormone administration. Metabolism 38: 197-203, 1989.
13. Dare, D., and M. Kelly. Diet Planner User's Guide. San Francisco: Regents of the Univ. of California General Clinical Research Center, 1994.
14. DeBenoist, B., A. A. Jackson, J. S. E. Hall, and C. Persaud. Whole-body protein turnover in Jamaican women during normal pregnancy. Hum. Nutr. Clin. Nutr. 39C: 167-179, 1985.
15. Denne, S. C., and S. C. Kalhan. Leucine metabolism in human newborns. Am. J. Physiol. 253 (Endocrinol. Metab. 16): E608-E615, 1987.
16. Denne, S. C., D. Patel, and S. C. Kalhan. Total body water measurement in normal and diabetic pregnancy: evidence for maternal and amniotic fluid equilibrium. Biol. Neonate 57: 284-291, 1990.
17. Denne, S. C., D. Patel, and S. C. Kalhan. Leucine kinetics and fuel utilization during a brief fast in human pregnancy. Metabolism 12: 1249-1256, 1991.
18. Felig, P., Y. J. Kim, V. Lynch, and R. Hendler. Amino acid metabolism during starvation in human pregnancy. J. Clin. Invest. 51: 1195-1202, 1972.
19. Fernandes, A. A., S. C. Kalhan, F. G. Njorge, and G. S. Matousek. Quantitation of branched-chain α-keto acids as their N-methylquinoxalone derivatives: comparison of O- and N-alkylation versus -silylation. Biomed. Environ. Mass Spectrom. 13: 569-581, 1986.
20. Forrester, T., A. V. Badaloo, C. Persaud, and A. A. Jackson. Urea production and salvage during pregnancy in normal Jamaican women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 60: 341-346, 1994.
21. Garber, A. J., I. E. Karl, and D. M. Kipnis. Alanine and glutamine synthesis and release form skeletal muscle. II. The precursor role of amino acids in alanine and glutamine synthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 10: 836-843, 1976.
22. Glamour, T. S., A. J. McCullough, P. J. J. Sauer, and S. C. Kalhan. Quantification of carbohydrate oxidation by respiratory gas exchange and isotopic tracers. Am. J. Physiol. 268 (Endocrinol. Metab. 31): E789-E796, 1995.
23. Haymond, M. W., and J. M. Miles. Branched chain amino acids as a major source of alanine nitrogen in man. Diabetes 31: 86-89, 1982.
24. Hedden, M., and M. G. Buse. Leucine transamination rates may affect protein synthesis in muscle. In: Developments in Biochemistry. Metabolism and Clinical Implications of Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Ketoacids, edited by M. Walser and J. Williamson. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North Holland, 1981, vol. 18, p. 233-238.
25. Hopkinson, J. M., N. F. Butte, K. J. Ellis, W. W. Wong, M. R. Puyau, and E. O. Smith. Body fat estimation in late pregnancy and early postpartum: comparison of two-, three-, and four-component models. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 65: 432-438, 1997.
26. Kalhan, S., K. Rossi, L. Gruca, E. Burkett, and A. O'Brien. Glucose turnover and gluconeogenesis in human pregnancy. J. Clin. Invest. 100: 1775-1781, 1997.
27. Kalhan, S. C. Protein metabolism in pregnancy. In: Principles of Perinatal-Neonatal Metabolism (2nd ed.), edited by R. M. Cowett. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1998.
28. Kalhan, S. C., L. J. D'Angelo, S. M. Savin, and P. A. J. Adam. Glucose production in pregnant women at term gestation. Sources of glucose for human fetus. J. Clin. Invest. 63: 388-394, 1979.
29. Kalhan, S. C., K. Tserng, C. Gilfillan, and L. J. Dierker. Metabolism of urea and glucose in normal and diabetic pregnancy. Metabolism 31: 824-833, 1982.
30. Kerr, G. R. The free amino acids of serum during development of Macaca mulatta. II. During pregnancy and fetal life. Pediatr. Res. 2: 493-500, 1968.
31. Lederman, S. A. Variability of water content of lean tissue of pregnant and non pregnant rats and its effect on body fat estimation. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 37: 663-668, 1983.
32. Lemons, J. A., E. W. Adcock III, M. D. Jones, Jr., M. A. Naughton, G. Meschia, and F. C. Battaglia. Umbilical uptake of amino acids in the unstressed fetal lamb. J. Clin. Invest. 58: 1428-1434, 1976.
33. Ling, P. R., B. R. Bistrian, G. L. Blackburn, and N. Istfan. Effect of fetal growth on maternal protein metabolism in postabsorptive rat. Am. J. Physiol. 252 (Endocrinol. Metab. 15): E380-E390, 1987.
34. Marconi, A. M., E. Davoli, I. Cetin, A. Lanfranchi, G. Zerbe, R. Fanelli, P. V. Fennessey, G. Pardi, and F. C. Battaglia. Impact of conceptus mass on glucose disposal rate in pregnant women. Am. J. Physiol. 264 (Endocrinol. Metab. 27): E514-E518, 1993.
35. Matthews, D. E., D. M. Bier, M. J. Rennie, R. H. T. Edwards, D. Halliday, D. J. Millward, and G. A. Clugston. Regulation of leucine metabolism in man: a stable isotope study. Science 214: 1129-1131, 1981.
36. Metzger, B. E., F. S. Angnoli, and N. Freinkel. Effect of sex and pregnancy on formation of urea and ammonia during gluconeogenesis in the perfused rat liver. Horm. Metab. Res. 2: 367-368, 1970.
37. Nair, K. S., C. G. Ford, K. Ekberg, E. Fernqvist-Forbes, and J. Wahren. Protein dynamics in whole body and in splanchnic and leg tissue in type I diabetic patients. J. Clin. Invest. 95: 2926-2937, 1995.
38. Rizza, R. A., L. J. Mandarino, and J. E. Gerich. Effects of growth hormone on insulin action in man. Mechanisms of insulin resistance, impaired suppression of glucose production, and impaired stimulation of glucose utilization. Diabetes 31: 663-669, 1982.
39. Roberge, A., R. Charbonneau, and L. Berlinguet. Variation of the enzymes of the urea cycle and aspartate transcarbamylase in liver of pregnant rats. Can. J. Biochem. 45: 1371-1374, 1967.
40. Shoup, V. A., and S. C. Kalhan. Stabilization of α-ketoisocaproic acid in serum and plasma. Clin. Chem. 35: 495-496, 1989.
41. Thompson, G. N., and D. Halliday. Protein turnover in pregnancy. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 46: 411-417, 1987.
42. 15N]urea in plasma and application to urea metabolism study. Anal. Chem. 54: 489-491, 1982.
43. Tserng, K. Y., and S. C. Kalhan. Calculation of substrate turnover rate in stable isotope tracer studies. Am. J. Physiol. 245 (Endocrinol. Metab. 8): E308-E311, 1983.
44. Van Raaij, J. M. A., M. E. M. Peek, S. H. Vermaat-Miedema, C. M. Schonk, and J. G. A. J. Hautvast. New equations for estimating body fat mass in pregnancy from body density or total body water. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 48: 24-29, 1988.
45. Widdowson, E. M., D. A. T. Southgate, and E. N. Hey. Body composition of the fetus and infant. In: Nutrition and Metabolism of the Fetus and Infant, edited by H. K. A. Visser. London: Martinus Nijhoff, 1979, p. 169-177.