Maturational changes in the thermal nociceptive responses of developing rats

Developmental Psychobiology

Volumn 33, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 47-60

  Conway, Charles M ^a,b   Martinez, Julian ^a,c   Lytle, Loy D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Conductive heat; Development; Pain; Radiant heat; Rats; Tail emissivity; Tail flick test; Thermal nociception; Warm water tail withdrawal test

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; DEVELOPMENT; FEMALE; HEAT; MALE; NEWBORN; NOCICEPTION; NONHUMAN; RAT; TAIL FLICK TEST; THERMAL STIMULATION;

AGE FACTORS; ANIMALS; ANIMALS, NEWBORN; FEMALE; MALE; NOCICEPTORS; PAIN MEASUREMENT; RATS; RATS, SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; TEMPERATURE;

ANIMALIA; RODENTIA;

EID: 0031715204     PISSN: 00121630     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2302(199807)33:1<47::AID-DEV5>3.0.CO;2-S     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Alberts, J. R. (1978). Huddling by rat pups: Group behavioral mechanisms of temperature regulation and energy conservation. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 92, 231-245.
2. Anand, K. J. S. (1990). The biology of pain perception in newborn infants. In D. C. Tyler & E. J. Krane (Eds.), Advances in pain research and therapy (Vol. 15, pp. 113-122). New York: Raven.
3. Anand, K. J. S. (1993). The applied physiology of pain. In K. J. S. Anand & P. J. McGrath (Eds.), Pain in neonates (pp. 39-66). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
4. Anand, K. J. S., & McGrath, P. J. (1993a). Future directions. In K. J. S. Anand & P. J. McGrath (Eds.), Pain in neonates (pp. 321-332). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
5. Anand, K. J. S., & McGrath, P. J. (Eds.). (1993b). Pain in neonates. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
6. Auguy-Valette, A., Cros, J., Gouarderes, C., Gout, R., & Pontonnier, G. (1978). Morphine analgesia and cerebral opiate receptors: A developmental study. British Journal of Pharmacology, 63, 303-308.
7. Barr, G. A., Miya, D. Y., & Paredes, W. (1992). Analgesic effects of intraventricular and intrathecal injection of morphine and ketocyclazocine in the infant rat. Brain Research, 584, 83-91.
8. Barr, G. A., Paredes, W., Erickson, K. L., & Zukin, R. S. (1986). Kappa opioid receptor-mediated analgesia in the developing rat. Developmental Brain Research, 29, 145-152.
9. Bell, J., III., Zhang, X. N., & Whitaker-Azmitia, P. M. (1992). 5-HT3 receptor-active drugs alter development of spinal serotonergic innervation: Lack of effect of other serotonergic agents. Brain Research, 571, 293-297.
10. Bicknell, H. R., & Beal, J. A. (1984). Axonal and dendritic development of substantia gelatinosa neurons in the lumbosacral spinal cord of the rat. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 226, 508-522.
11. Blass, E. M., Cramer, C. P., & Fanselow, M. S. (1993). The development of morphine-induced antinociception in neonatal rats: A comparison of forepaw, hindpaw, and tail retraction from a thermal stimulus. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 44, 643-649.
12. Casale, E. J., Light, A. R., & Rustioni, A. (1988). Direct projection of the corticospinal tract to the superficial laminae of the spinal cord in the rat. Journal of Comparative Neuroanatomy, 278, 275-286.
13. Chapman, W. P., & Jones, C. M. (1944). Variations in cutaneous and visceral pain sensitivity in normal subjects. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 23, 81-91.
14. Coghill, R. C., Mayer, D. J., & Price, D. D. (1993). Wide dynamic range but not nociceptive-specific neurons encode multidimensional features of prolonged repetitive heat pain. Journal of Neurophysiology, 69, 703-716.
15. Conway, C. M., Anderson, K., Kimbrough, L., Nguyen, H. D., & Lytle, L. D. (1992, November). Developmental differences in visceral and cutaneous nociception in neonatal rats. Paper presented at the meeting of the International Society for Developmental Psychobiology, Newport Beach, CA.
16. Conway, C. M., & Lytle, L. D. (1995, November). Intensity-dependent differences in the radiant heat nociceptive responses of developing rats. Paper presented at the meeting of the International Society for Developmental Psychobiology, San Diego, CA.
17. D'Amour, F. E., & Smith, D. L. (1941). A method for determining loss of pain sensation. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 72, 74-79.
18. DeWitt, D. P. (1986). Inferring temperature from optical radiation measurements. Optical Engineering, 25, 596-601.
19. Dirig, D. M., & Yaksh, T. L. (1995). Differential right shifts of the dose-response curve for intrathecal morphine and sufentanil as a function of stimulus intensity. Pain, 62, 321-328.
20. Donatelle, J. M. (1977). Growth of the corticospinal tract and the development of placing reactions in the postnatal rat. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 175, 207-232.
21. Eland, J. M., & Anderson, J. E. (1977). The experience of pain in children. In A. K. Jacox (Ed.), Pain: A source book for nurses and other health professionals (pp. 453-476). Boston: Little Brown.
22. Falcon, M., Guendellman, D., Stolberg, A., Frenk, H., & Urea, G. (1996). Development of thermal nociception in rats. Pain, 67, 203-208.
23. Fanselow, M. S., & Cramer, C. P. (1988). The ontogeny of opiate tolerance and withdrawal in infant rats. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 31, 431-438.
24. Fitzgerald, M. (1985). The postnatal development of cutaneous afferent fibre input and receptive field organization in the rat dorsal horn. Journal of Physiology, 364, 1-18.
25. Fitzgerald, M. (1993). Development of pain pathways and mechanisms. In K. J. S. Anand & P. J. McGrath (Eds.), Pain in neonates (pp. 19-37). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
26. Fitzgerald, M. (1994). Neurobiology of fetal and neonatal pain. In P. D. Wall & R. Melzack (Eds.), Textbook of pain (3rd ed., pp. 153-163). New York: Churchill Livingstone.
27. Fitzgerald, M., & Koltzenburg, M. (1986). The functional development of descending inhibitory pathways in the dorsolateral funiculus of the newborn rat spinal cord. Developmental Brain Research, 24, 261-270.
28. Fitzgerald, M., Shaw, A., & MacIntosh, N. (1988). Postnatal development of the cutaneous flexor reflex: Comparative study of preterm infants and newborn rat pups. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 30, 520-526.
29. Giordano, J., & Barr, G. A. (1987). Morphine- and ketocyclazocine-induced analgesia in the developing rat: Differences due to type of noxious stimulus and body topography. Developmental Brain Research, 32, 247-253.
30. Gravetter, F. J., & Wallnau, L. B. (1992). Statistics for the behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). St. Paul, MN: West Publishing.
31. Gribnau, A. A. M., deKort, E. J. M., Dederen, P. J. W. C., & Nieuwenhuys, R. (1986). On the development of the pyramidal tract in the rat: ii. An anterograde tracer study of the outgrowth of corticospinal fibers. Anatomy and Embryology, 175, 101-110.
32. Grossman, M. L., Basbaum, A. I., & Fields, H. L. (1982). Afferent and efferent connections of the rat tail flick reflex (a model used to analyze pain control mechanisms). Journal of Comparative Neurology, 206, 9-16.
33. Hall, K. R. L., & Stride, E. (1953). The varying response to pain in psychiatric disorders: A study in abnormal psychology. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 27, 48-60.
34. Hamm, R. J., & Knisely, J. S. (1987). Developmental differences in the analgesia produced by the central cholinergic system. Developmental Psychobiology, 20, 345-354.
35. Hammond, D. L., & Ruda, M. A. (1991). Developmental alterations in nociceptive threshold, immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P, and fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase in neonatally capsaicin-treated rats. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 312, 436-450.
36. Hardy, J. D., Wolff, H. G., & Goodell, H. (1952). Pain sensations and reactions. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.
37. Haslam, D. R. (1969). Age and the perception of pain. Psychonomic Sciences, 15, 86-87.
38. Helmstetter, F. J., Calcagnetti, D. J., Cramer, C. P., & Fanselow, M. S. (1988). Ethylketocyclazocine and bremazocine analgesia in neonatal rats. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 30, 817-821.
39. Hu, D., Hu, R., & Berde, C. B. (1997). Neurologic evaluation of infant and adult rats before and after sciatic nerve blockade. Anesthesiology, 86, 957-65.
40. Hughes, H. E., & Barr, G. A. (1988). Analgesic effects of intrathecally applied noradrenergic compounds in the developing rat: Differences due to thermal versus mechanical nociception. Developmental Brain Research, 41, 109-120.
41. Irwin, S., Houde, R. W., Bennett, D. R., Hendershot, L. C., & Seevers, M. H. (1951). The effects of morphine, methadone, and meperidine on some reflex responses of spinal animals to nociceptive stimulation. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 101, 132-143.
42. Janssen, P. A. G., Niemegeers, C. J. E., & Dony, J. G. H. (1963). The inhibitory effect of fentanyl and other mor phinelike analgesics on the warm-water-induced tail withdrawal reflex in rats. Arzneimittel-Forschung, 13, 502-507.
43. Jensen, T. S., & Yaksh, T. L. (1986). I. Comparison of antinociceptive action of morphine in the periaqueductal gray, medial, and paramedial medulla in rat. Brain Research, 363, 99-113.
44. Kar, S., & Quirion, R. (1995). Neuropeptide receptors in developing and adult rat spinal cord: An in vitro quantitative autoradiography study of calcitonin gene-related peptide, neurokinins, mu-opioid, galanin, somatostatin, neurotensin, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptors. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 354, 253-281.
45. Kehoe, P., & Blass, E. M. (1986). Behaviorally functional opioid systems in infant rats: II. Evidence for pharmacological, physiological, and psychological mediation of pain and stress. Behavioral Neuroscience, 100, 624-630.
46. Kirby, M. L., & Mattio, T. G. (1982). Developmental changes in serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations and opiate receptor binding in rat spinal cord following neonatal 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine treatment. Developmental Neuroscience, 5, 394-402.
47. Kitchen, I. & McDowell, J. (1985). Impairment of ketocyclazocine antinociception in rats by perinatal lead exposure. Toxicology Letters, 26, 101-105.
48. Lau, C., Pylypiw, A., & Ross, L. L. (1985). Development of serotoninergic and adrenergic receptors in the rat spinal cord: Effects of neonatal chemical lesions and hyperthyroidism. Brain Research, 351, 57-66.
49. Marti, E., Gibson, S. J., Polak, J. M., Facer, P., Springall, D. R., Van Aswegen, G., Aitchison, M., & Koltzenburg, M. (1987). Ontogeny of peptide- and amine-containing neurones in motor, sensory, and autonomic regions of rat and human spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia, and rat skin. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 266, 332-359.
50. McCluney, W. R. (1994). Introduction to radiometry and photometry. Norwood, MA: Artech House.
51. McGrath, P. J. (1993). Research design and research ethics. In K. J. S. Anand & P. J. McGrath (Eds.), Pain in neonates (pp. 275-293). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
52. McGrath, P. J., & Unruh, A. M. (1993). Social and legal issues. In K. J. S. Anand & P. J. McGrath (Eds.), Pain in neonates (pp. 295-320). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
53. McLaughlin, C. R., Lichtman, A. H., Fanselow, M. S., & Cramer, C. P. (1990). Tonic nociception in neonatal rats. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 36, 859-862.
54. Nicak, A. (1971). Changes of sensitivity to pain in relation to postnatal development in rats. Experimental Gerontology, 111-114.
55. Owens, M. E. (1984). Pain in infancy: Conceptual and methodological issues. Pain, 20, 213-230.
56. Pasternak, G. W., Zhang, A., & Tecott, L. (1980). Developmental differences between high and low affinity opiate binding sites: Their relationship to analgesia and respiratory depression. Life Sciences, 27, 1185- 1190.
57. Purcell-Jones, G., Dormon, F., & Sumner, E. (1988). Pediatric anesthetists' perceptions of neonatal and infant pain. Pain, 33, 181-187.
58. Rajaofetra, N., Poulat, P., Marlier, L., Geffard, M., & Privat, A. (1992). Pre- and postnatal development of noradrenergic projections to the rat spinal cord: An immunocytochemical study. Developmental Brain Research, 67, 237-246.
59. Rajaofetra, N., Sandillon, F., Geffard, M., & Privat, A. (1989). Pre- and postnatal ontogeny of serotonergic projections to the rat spinal cord. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 22, 305-321.
60. Saeki, S., & Yaksh, T. L. (1993). Suppression of nociceptive responses by spinal mu opioid agonists: Effects of stimulus intensity and agonist efficacy. Anesthesia and Anal-gesia, 77, 265-274.
61. Sandkuhler, J., & Gebhart, G. F. (1984). Characterization of inhibition of a spinal nociceptive reflex by stimulation medially and laterally in the midbrain and medulla in the pentobarbital-anesthetized rat. Brain Research, 305, 67-76.
62. Schludermann, E., & Zubek, J. P. (1962). Effect of age on pain sensitivity. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 14, 295-301.
63. Schreyer, D. J., & Jones, E. G. (1982). Growth and target finding by axons of the corticospinal tract in prenatal and postnatal rats. Neuroscience, 7, 1837-1853.
64. Sherman, E. D., & Robillard, E. (1960). Sensitivity to pain in the aged. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 83, 944-947.
65. Spear, L. P., Enters, E. K., Aswad, M. A., & Louzan, M. (1985). Drug- and environmentally induced manipulations of the opiate and serotonergic systems alter nociception in neonatal rat pups. Behavioral and Neural Biology, 44, 1-22.
66. Stolberg, A., & Frenk, H. (1995). Development of water-immersion-produced analgesia. Developmental Psychobiology, 28, 247-255.
67. Tive, L. A., & Barr, G. A. (1992). Analgesia from the periaqueductal gray in the developing rat: Focal injections of morphine or glutamate and effects of intrathecal injection of methysergide or phentolamine. Brain Research, 584, 92-109.
68. Treede, R. D., Meyer, R. A., Raja, S. N., & Campbell, J. N. (1995). Evidence for two different heat transduction mechanisms in nociceptive primary afferents innervating monkey skin. Journal of Physiology, 483, 747-758.
69. Van Praag, H., & Frenk, H. (1991). The development of stimulation-produced analgesia (SPA) in the rat. Developmental Brain Research, 64, 71-76.
70. Woolfe, G., & MacDonald, A. D. (1944). The evaluation of the analgesic action of pethidine hydrochloride (Demerol). Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 80, 300-307.
71. Zhang, A.-Z., & Pasternak, G. W. (1981). Ontogeny of opioid pharmacology and receptors: High- and low-affinity site receptors. European Journal of Pharmacology, 73, 29-40.