Functional MRI studies of spatial and nonspatial working memory

Cognitive Brain Research

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 1-13

  D'Esposito, M ^a   Aguirre, G K ^a   Zarahn, E ^a   Ballard, D ^a   Shin, R K ^a   Lease, J ^a  

^a HOSPITAL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Functional MRI; Nonspatial; Prefrontal cortex; Spatial; Working memory

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FRONTAL LOBE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; INFORMATION PROCESSING; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPATIAL MEMORY; TASK PERFORMANCE; WORKING MEMORY;

ADULT; BRAIN MAPPING; CEREBRAL CORTEX; FEMALE; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; MEMORY, SHORT-TERM; MODELS, NEUROLOGICAL; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL; SPACE PERCEPTION; VISUAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 0031713551     PISSN: 09266410     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0926-6410(98)00004-4     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. G.K. Aguirre, E. Zarahn, M. D'Esposito, Empirical analyses of BOLD fMRI statistics: II. Spatially smoothed data collected under null-hypothesis and experimental conditions, Neurolmage 5 (1997) 199-212.
2. T.J. Anderson, I.H. Jenkins, D.J. Brooks, M.B. Hawken, R.S.J. Frackowiak, C. Kennard, Cortical control of saccades and fixation in man: a PET study, Brain 117 (1994) 1073-1084.
3. E. Awh, J. Jonides, E.E. Smith, E.H. Schumacher, R.A. Koeppe, S. Katz, Dissociation of storage and rehearsal in verbal working memory: evidence from PET, Psychol. Sci. 7 (1996) 25-31.
4. S.C. Baker, C.D. Frith, R.S.J. Frackowiak, R.J. Dolan, Active representation of shape and spatial location in man, Cereb. Cortex 6 (1996) 612-619.
5. H. Barbas, Anatomic organization of basoventral and mediodorsal visual recipient prefrontal regions in the rhesus monkey, J. Comp. Neurol. 276 (1988) 313-342.
6. R.H. Bauer, J.M. Fuster, Delayed-matching and delayed-response deficit from cooling dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in monkeys, J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 90 (1976) 293-302.
7. J.T. Becker, M.A. Mintun, D.J. Diehl, J. Dobkin, A. Martidis, D.C. Madoff, S.T. DeKosky, Functional neuroanatomy of verbal free recall: a replication study, Hum. Brain Mapp. 1 (1994) 284-292.
8. K.F. Berman, J.L. Austin-Lane, G. Esposito, J.D. Van Horn, D.R. Weinberger, Dissecting the 'working' and the 'memory' in a PET study of working memory using graded tasks and isomorphic stimuli, Neurolmage 3 (1996) S529.
9. T.S. Braver, J.D. Cohen, L.E. Nystrom, J. Jonides, E.E. Smith, D.C. Noll, A parametric study of prefrontal cortex involvement in human working memory, NeuroImage 5 (1997) 49-62.
10. C.J. Bruce, M.E. Goldberg, Primate frontal eye fields: I. Single neurons discharging before saccades, J. Neurophysiol. 53 (1985) 603-635.
11. N. Butters, C. Butter, J. Rosen, D. Stein, Behavioral effects of sequential and one-stage ablations of orbital prefrontal cortex in monkey, Exp. Neurol. 39 (1973) 204-214.
12. C. Cavada, P.S. Goldman-Rakic, Posterior parietal cortex in rhesus monkey: II. Evidence for segregated corticocortical networks linking sensory and limbic areas with frontal lobe, J. Comp. Neurol. 287 (1989) 422-445.
13. J.D. Cohen, S.D. Forman, T.S. Braver, B.J. Casey, D. Servan-Schreiber, D.C. Noll, Activation of prefrontal cortex in a nonspatial working memory task with functional MRI, Hum. Brain Mapp. 1 (1994) 293-304.
14. S.M. Courtney, L.G. Ungerleider, K. Keil, J.V. Haxby, Object and spatial visual working memory activate separate neural systems in human cortex, Cereb. Cortex 6 (1996) 39-49.
15. M. D'Esposito, B.R. Postle, D. Ballard, J. Lease, Maintenance versus manipulation of information held in working memory, Brain and Cognition, in press.
16. S.Y. Deng, M.E. Goldberg, M.A. Segraves, L.G. Ungerleider, M. Mishkin, The effect of unilateral ablation of the frontal eye fields on saccadic performance in the monkey, in: E. Keller, D. Zee (Eds.), Advances in Biosciences: Adaptive Processes in Visual and Oculomotor Systems, Pergamon, New York, 1986, pp. 201-208.
17. J.A. Fiez, E.A. Raife, D.A. Balota, J.P. Schwarz, M.E. Raichle, S.E. Petersen, A positron emission tomography study of the short-term maintenance of verbal information, J. Neurosci. 16 (1996) 808-822.
18. P.T. Fox, J.M. Fox, M.E. Raichle, R.M. Burde, The role of cerebral cortex in the generation of voluntary saccades: a positron emission study, J. Neurophysiol. 54 (1985) 348-369.
19. H.R. Friedman, P. Goldman-Rakic, Coactivation of prefrontal cortex and inferior parietal cortex in working memory tasks revealed by 2DG functional mapping in the rhesus monkey, J. Neurosci. 14 (1994) 2775-2788.
20. K.J. Friston, K.J. Worsley, R.S.J. Frackowiak, J.C. Mazziotta, A.C. Evans, Assessing the significance of focal activations using their spatial extent, Hum. Brain Mapp. 1 (1994) 210-220.
21. S. Funahashi, C.J. Bruce, P.S. Goldman-Rakic, Mnemonic coding of visual space in the monkey's dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, J. Neurophysiol. 61 (1989) 331-349.
22. S. Funahashi, C.J. Bruce, P.S. Goldman-Rakic, Dorsolateral prefrontal lesions and oculomotor delayed-response performance: evidence for mnemonic 'scotomas', J. Neurosci. 13 (1993) 1479-1497.
23. J.M. Fuster (Ed.), Memory in the Cerebral Cortex, The MIT Press, Cambridge, 1995.
24. J.M. Fuster, G.E. Alexander, Neuron activity related to short-term memory, Science 173 (1971) 652-654.
25. J.M. Fuster, R.H. Bauer, Visual short-term memory deficit from hypothermia of frontal cortex, Brain Res. 81 (1974) 393-400.
26. J.M. Fuster, R.H. Bauer, J.P. Jervey, Cellular discharge in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the monkey in cognitive tasks, Exp. Neurol. 77 (1982) 679-694.
27. A.S. Gevins, B.S. Cutillo, Neuroelectric evidence for distributed processing in human working memory, Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 87 (1993) 128-143.
28. J.W. Gnadt, R.A. Andersen, Memory related motor planning activity in posterior parietal cortex of macaque, Exp. Brain Res. 70 (1988) 216-220.
29. E. Goldberg, L.D. Costa, Hemisphere differences in the acquisition and use of descriptive systems, Brain Lang. 14 (1981) 144-173.
30. E. Goldberg, K. Podell, M. Lovell, Lateralization of frontal lobe functions and cognitive novelty, J. Neuropsychiatry 6 (1994) 371-378.
31. P.S. Goldman-Rakic, Circuitry of the prefrontal cortex and the regulation of behavior by representational memory, in: F. Plum, V. Mountcastle (Eds.), Handbook of Physiology. Sec 1. The Nervous System. Vol. 5, Americal Physiological Society, Bethesda, 1987, pp. 373-417.
32. P.M. Grasby, C.D. Frith, K.J. Friston, C. Bench, R.S.J. Frackowiak, R.J. Dolan, Functional mapping of brain areas implicated in auditory-verbal short-term memory, Brain 116 (1993) 1-20.
33. C.G. Gross, A comparison of the effects of partial and total lateral frontal lesions on test performance by monkeys, J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 56 (1963) 41-47.
34. J.V. Haxby, L.G. Ungerleider, B. Horwitz, S.I. Rapoport, C.L. Grady, Hemispheric differences in neural systems for face working memory: a PET-rCBF study, Hum. Brain Mapp. 3 (1995) 68-82.
35. S.D. Iversen, M. Mishkin, Perseverative interference in monkeys following selective lesions of the inferior prefrontal convexity, Exp. Brain Res. 11 (1970) 376-386.
36. J. Jonides, E.E. Smith, R.A. Koeppe, E. Awh, S. Minoshima, M.A. Mintun, Spatial working memory in humans as revealed by PET, Nature 363 (1993) 623-625.
37. W.K. Kirchner, Age differences in short-term retention of rapidly changing information, J. Exp. Psychol. 55 (1958) 352-358.
38. T. Klingberg, B.T. O'Sullivan, P.E. Roland, Bilateral activation of fronto-parietal networks by incremental demand in a working memory task, Cereb. Cortex 7 (1997) 465-471.
39. K. Kubota, H. Niki, Prefrontal cortical unit activity and delayed alternation performance in monkeys, J. Neurophysiol. 34 (1971) 337-347.
40. K.K. Kwong, J.W. Beliveau, D.A. Chesler, I.E. Goldberg, R.M. Weisskoff, B.P. Poncelet, D.N. Kennedy, B.E. Hoppel, M.S. Cohen, R. Turner, Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of human brain activity during primary sensory stimulation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (1992) 5675-5679.
41. G. McCarthy, A.M. Blamire, A. Puce, A.C. Nobre, G. Bloch, F. Hyder, P. Goldman-Rakic, R.G. Shulman, Functional magnetic resonance imaging of human prefrontal cortex activation during a spatial working memory task, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (1994) 8690-8694.
42. G. McCarthy, A. Puce, R.T. Constable, J.H. Krystal, J.C. Gore, P. Goldman-Rakic, Activation of human prefrontal cortex during spatial and nonspatial working tasks measured by functional MRI, Cereb. Cortex 6 (1996) 600-611.
43. M. Mishkin, F.J. Manning, Non-spatial memory after selective prefrontal lesions in monkeys, Brain Res. 143 (1978) 313-323.
44. M. Mishkin, B. Vest, M. Waxler, H.E. Rosvold, A re-examination of the effects of frontal lesions on object alternation, Neuropsychologia 7 (1969) 357-363.
45. H. Mushiake, M. Inase, J. Tanji, Neuronal activity in the primate premotor, supplementary, and precentral motor cortex during visually guided and internally determined sequential movements, J. Neurophysiol. 66 (1991) 705-718.
46. E.P. O'Sullivan, I.H. Jenkins, L. Henderson, C. Kennard, D.J. Brooks, The functional anatomy of remembered saccades: a PET study, NeuroReport 6 (1995) 2141-2144.
47. S. Ogawa, D.W. Tank, R. Menon, J. Ellermann, S.-G. Kim, H. Merkle, K. Ugurbil, Intrinsic signal changes accompanying sensory stimulation: functional brain mapping with magnetic resonance imaging, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (1992) 5951-5955.
48. A.A. Owen, A.C. Evans, M. Petrides, Evidence for a two-stage model of spatial working memory processing within the lateral frontal cortex: a positron emission tomography study, Cereb. Cortex 6 (1996) 31-38.
49. R. Passingham, Delayed matching after selective prefrontal lesions in monkeys, Brain Res. 92 (1975) 89-102.
50. E. Paulesu, C.D. Frith, R.S.J. Frackowiak, The neural correlates of the verbal component of working memory, Nature 362 (1993) 342-345.
51. W. Penfield, E. Boldrey, Somatic motor and sensory representation in the cerebral cortex of man as studied by electrical stimulation, Brain 60 (1937) 389-443.
52. M. Petrides, Frontal lobes and behavior, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 4 (1994) 207-211.
53. M. Petrides, Impairments on nonspatial self-ordered and externally ordered working memory tasks after lesions of the mid-dorsal lateral part of the lateral frontal cortex of monkey, J. Neurosci. 15 (1995) 359-375.
54. M. Petrides, Lateral frontal cortical contribution to memory, Semin. Neurosci. 8 (1996) 57-63.
55. M. Petrides, B. Alivisatos, A.C. Evans, E. Meyer, Dissociation of human mid-dorsolateral from posterior dorsolateral frontal cortex in memory processing, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90 (1993) 873-877.
56. M. Petrides, B. Alivisatos, E. Meyer, A.C. Evans, Functional activation of the human frontal cortex during the performance of verbal working memory tasks, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90 (1993) 878-882.
57. M. Petrides, D.N. Pandya, Projections to the frontal cortex from the posterior parietal region in the rhesus monkey, J. Comp. Neurol. 228 (1984) 105-116.
58. N. Picard, P.L. Strick, Motor areas of the medial wall: a review of their location and functional activation, Cereb. Cortex 6 (1996) 342-353.
59. C. Pierrot-Deseilligny, S. Rivaud, B. Gaymard, Y. Agid, Cortical control of memory-guided saccades in man, Exp. Brain Res. 83 (1991) 607-617.
60. A. Ptito, J. Crane, G. Leonard, R. Amsel, Z. Caramanos, Visual-spatial localization by patients with frontal-lobe lesions invading or sparing area 46, NeuroReport 6 (1995) 1781-1784.
61. J. Quintana, J. Fuster, Mnemonic and predictive functions of cortical neurons in a memory task, NeuroReport 3 (1992) 721-724.
62. J. Quintana, J.M. Fuster, Spatial and temporal factors in the role of prefrontal and parietal cortex in visuomotor integration, Cereb. Cortex 3 (1993) 122-132.
63. J. Quintana, J.M. Fuster, J. Yajeya, Effects of cooling parietal cortex on prefrontal units in delay tasks, Brain Res. 503 (1989) 100-110.
64. J. Quintana, J. Yajeya, J. Fuster, Prefrontal representation of stimulus attributes during delay tasks: I. Unit activity in cross-temporal integration of motor and sensory-motor information, Brain Res. 474 (1988) 211-221.
65. G. Rajkowska, P.S. Goldman-Rakic, Cytoarchitectonic definition of prefrontal areas in the normal human cortex: II. Variability in locations of areas 9 and 46 and relationship to the Talairach coordinate system, Cereb. Cortex 5 (1995) 323-337.
66. S.C. Rao, G. Rainer, E. Miller, Integration of what and where in the primate prefrontal cortex, Science 276 (1997) 821-824.
67. S. Rivaud, R.M. Muri, B. Gaymard, A.I. Vermersch, C. Pierrot-Deseilligny, Eye movement disorders after frontal eye field lesions in humans, Exp. Brain Res. 102 (1994) 110-120.
68. C.E. Rosenkilde, R.H. Bauer, J.M. Fuster, Single cell activity in ventral prefrontal cortex of behaving monkeys, Brain Res. 209 (1981) 375-394.
69. M.F.S. Rushworth, P.D. Nixon, M.J. Eacott, R.E. Passingham, Ventral prefrontal cortex is not essential for working memory, J. Neurosci. 17 (1997) 4829-4838.
70. E. Salmon, M. Van der Linden, F. Collette, G. Delfiore, P. Maquet, C. Degueldre, A. Luxen, G. Franck, Regional brain activity during working memory tasks, Brain 119 (1996) 1617-1625.
71. J.D. Schall, Neuronal activity related to visually guided saccadic eye movements in the supplementary motor area of rhesus monkeys, J. Neurophysiol. 66 (1991) 530-558.
72. E.H. Schumacher, E. Lauber, E. Awh, J. Jonides, E.E. Smith, R.A. Koeppe, PET evidence for an amodal verbal working memory system, NeuroImage 3 (1996) 79-88.
73. E.E. Smith, J. Jonides, R.A. Koeppe, Dissociating verbal and spatial working memory using PET, Cereb. Cortex 6 (1996) 11-20.
74. E.E. Smith, J. Jonides, R.A. Koeppe, E. Awh, E.H. Schumacher, S. Minoshima, Spatial versus object working memory: PET investigations, J. Cogn. Neurosci. 7 (1995) 337-356.
75. B. Swartz, E. Halgren, J. Fuster, F. Simpkins, M. Gee, M. Mandelkern, An 18FDG-PET study of cortical activation during a short-term visual memory task in humans, NeuroReport 5 (1994) 925-928.
76. B. Swartz, E. Halgren, J. Fuster, F. Simpkins, M. Gee, M. Mandelkern, Cortical metabolic activation in humans during a visual memory task, Cereb. Cortex 3 (1995) 205-214.
77. J.A. Sweeney, M.A. Mintun, S. Kwee, M.B. Wiseman, D.L. Brown, D.R. Rosenburg, J.R. Carl, Positron emission tomography study of voluntary saccadic eye movements and spatial working memory, J. Neurophysiol. 75 (1996) 454-468.
78. J. Talairach, P. Tournaux, Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain, Thieme, New York, 1988.
79. L.G. Ungerleider, J.V. Haxby, 'What' and 'where' in the human brain, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 4 (1994) 157-165.
80. M. Verin, A. Partiot, B. Pillon, C. Malapani, Y. Agid, B. Dubois, Delayed response tasks and prefrontal lesions in man - evidence for self generated patterns of behavior with poor environmental modulation, Neuropsychologia 31 (1993) 1379-1396.
81. F.A. Wilson, S.P. Scalaidhe, P.S. Goldman-Rakic, Dissociation of object and spatial processing domains in prefrontal cortex, Science 260 (1993) 1955-1958.
82. K.J. Worsley, Local maxima and the expected euler characteristic of excursion sets of chi-squared, f and t fields, Adv. Appl. Probability 26 (1994) 13-42.
83. K.J. Worsley, K.J. Friston, Analysis of fMRI time-series revisited - again, NeuroImage 2 (1995) 173-182.
84. K.J. Worsley, S. Marret, P. Neelin, A.C. Evans, Searching scale space for activation in PET images, Hum. Brain Mapp. 4 (1996) 74-90.
85. E. Zarahn, G.K. Aguirre, M. D'Esposito, Empirical analyses of BOLD fMRI statistics: I. Spatially unsmoothed data collected under null-hypothesis conditions, NeuroImage 5 (1997) 179-197.
86. E. Zarahn, G.K. Aguirre, M. D'Esposito, A trial based experimental design for functional MRI, NeuroImage 6 (1997) 122-138.
87. R.J. Zattore, A.C. Evans, E. Meyer, Neural mechanisms underlying melodic perception and memory for pitch, J. Neurosci. 14 (1994) 1908-1919.