Determination of discretionary salt intake in rural Guatemala and Benin to determine the iodine fortification of salt required to control iodine deficiency disorders: Studies using lithium-labeled salt

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Volumn 68, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 636-641

  Melse Boonstra, Alida ^b   Rozendaal, Marja ^b   Rexwinkel, Henny ^b   Gerichhausen, Monique J W ^b   Van Den Briel, Tina ^b   Bulux, Jesús ^b   Solomons, Noel W ^b   West, Clive E ^a  

^a WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Benin; Boys; Guatemala; Iodine deficiency disorders; Iodine fortification program; Lithium marker technique; Salt consumption; Women

Indexed keywords

LITHIUM; RADIOISOTOPE; SODIUM CHLORIDE;

ACCURACY; ARTICLE; ASSAY; BENIN; CHILD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; GUATEMALA; HUMAN; IODINE DEFICIENCY; MALE; SALT INTAKE; SODIUM EXCRETION; TECHNIQUE; URINALYSIS;

EID: 0031710616     PISSN: 00029165     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/68.3.636     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. Hetzel BS, Pandav CS, eds. SOS for a billion. The conquest of iodine deficiency disorders. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1994.
2. WHO. Trace elements in human nutrition and health. Geneva: WHO, 1996.
3. Martínez MM. Deficiencia de yodo, bocio endemico y su relacion con el estado nutricional en escolares de la Republica de Guatemala. [Deficiency of iodine, endemic goiter and its relation to the nutritional status of school children in Guatemala.] MS thesis in Food, Nutrition and Health, University of San Carlos, Guatemala. Center of Superior Studies in Nutrition and Food Science, Guatemala, 1988 (in Spanish).
4. WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD. Indicators for assessing IDD and their control through salt iodization programs. Report of a Joint WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD Consultation, 3-5 November 1992. Geneva: WHO, 1994.
5. Venkatesh Mannar MG, Dunn JT. Salt iodization for the elimination of iodine deficiency. Wageningen, Netherlands: ICCIDD, 1995.
6. Sanchez-Castillo CP, Warrender S, Whitehead T, James WPT. A novel technique for assessing the sources of dietary sodium. Ann Clin Res 1984;16(suppl 43):43-8.
7. Sanchez-Castillo CP, Seidell J, James WPT. The potential use of lithium as a marker for the assessment of the sources of dietary salt: cooking studies and physiological experiments in men. Clin Sci 1987;72:81-6.
8. Sanchez-Castillo CP, Branch WJ, James WPT. A test of the validity of the lithium-marker technique for monitoring dietary sources of salt in man. Clin Sci 1987;72:87-94.
9. Sanchez-Castillo CP, Warrender S, Whitehead T, James WPT. An assessment of the sources of dietary salt in a British population. Clin Sci 1987;72:95-102.
10. James WPT, Ralph A, Sanchez-Castillo CP. The dominance of salt in manufactured food in the sodium intake of affluent societies. Lancet 1987;1:426-9.
11. Sanchez-Castillo CP, James WPT. Accurate assessment of the quantitative significance of different sources of salt in the diet. Arch Latinoam Nutr 1994;44:145-50.
12. Sanchez-Castillo CP, James WPT. Defining cooking salt intakes for patient counselling and policy making. Arch Latinoam Nutr 1995;45:259-64.
13. Leclercq C, Avalle V, Ranaldi L, Toti E, Ferro-Luzzi A. Simplifying the lithium-marker technique used to assess the dietary intake of discretionary sodium in population studies. Clin Sci 1990; 79:227-31.
14. Ministry of Public Health. Encuesta nacional de micronutrientes. [Guatemalan micronutrient survey.] Guatemala City: INCAP, 1996 (in Spanish).
15. SAS Institute Inc. SAS/STAT user's guide, version 6. 4th ed. Vol 1. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc, 1989.
16. Leclerq C, Ferro-Luzzi A. Total and domestic consumption of salt and their determinants in three regions of Italy. Eur J Clin Nutr 1991;45:151-9.
17. de León Méndez R. Eficacia del enriquecimiento de la sal con preparados de yodo como medio de prevención del bocio endémico. [The efficacy of salt enrichment with iodine compounds as a means to prevent endemic goiter.] BoI Oficina Sanit Panam 1966;61:1-26 (in Spanish).
18. Bingham S, Cummings JH. The use of 4-aminobenzoic acid as a marker to validate the completeness of 24-h urine collections in man. Clin Sci 1983;64:629-35.
19. Verboven CAM, Casey CE, James WPT. Limitations to the use of the lithium-marker technique to monitor dietary salt sources in physically active people. Nutr Res 1990;10:717-22.