Compliant coatings: the simpler alternative

Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science

Volumn 16, Issue 1-2, 1998, Pages 141-156

  Gad El Hak, Mohamed ^a  

^a University of Notre Dame   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW; COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; DRAG; FLOW CONTROL; LAMINAR FLOW; REYNOLDS NUMBER; TRANSITION FLOW; TURBULENT FLOW;

COMPLIANT COATING; PASSIVE COMPLIANT WALLS;

WALL FLOW;

COMPLIANT COATING; DRAG REDUCTION; FLOW CONTROL; LAMINAR-TURBULENT TRANSITION;

CONTROL; DRAG; LAMINAR FLOW; TURBULENT FLOW;

EID: 0031709650     PISSN: 08941777     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0894-1777(97)10006-1     Document Type: Article

References (93)

1. Lumley J.L. Some comments on turbulence. Phys. Fluids A. 4(2):1992;203-211.
2. M. Gad-el-Hak, R.F. Blackwelder, A drag reduction method for turbulent boundary layers, AIAA Paper No. 87-0358, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, New York, 1987.
3. Gad-el-Hak M., Blackwelder R.F. Selective suction for controlling bursting events in a boundary layer. AIAA J. 27(3):1989;308-314.
4. R.F.M. Blackwelder, M. Gad-el-Hak, Method and Apparatus for Reducing Turbulent Skin Friction, United States Patent Number 4,932,612, 12 June, 1990.
5. Gad-el-Hak M. Interactive control of turbulent boundary layers: A futuristic overview. AIAA J. 32(9):1994;1753-1765.
6. Gad-el-Hak M. Modern Developments in Flow Control. Appl. Mech. Rev. 49(7):1996;365-379.
7. J.L. Lumley, Control of Turbulence, AIAA Paper No. 96-0001, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Washington, DC, 1996.
8. Gad-el-Hak M. Flow control. Appl. Mech. Rev. 42(10):1989;261-293.
9. Kramer M.O. Boundary-layer stabilization by distributed damping. J. Aeronaut. Sci. 24(6):1957;459-460.
10. Bushnell D.M., Hefner J.N., Ash R.L. Effect of compliant wall motion on turbulent boundary layers. Phys. Fluids. 20(10):1977;S31-S48.
11. Yu.G. Aleyev, Nekton, DR. W. Junk b.v. Publishers, The Hague, The Netherlands, 1977.
12. K.-S. Choi (Ed.), Recent Development in Turbulence Management, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1991.
13. Carpenter P.W., Garrad A.D. The hydrodynamic stability of flow over Kramer type compliant surfaces: Part 1, Tollmien-Schlichting Instabilities. J. Fluid Mech. 155:1985;465-510.
14. G.J.K. Willis, Hydrodynamic Stability of Boundary Layers over Compliant Surfaces, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Exeter, United Kingdom, 1986.
15. M. Gaster, Is the dolphin a red herring? in: H.W. Liepmann, R. Narasimha (Eds.), Turbulence Management and Relaminarisation, Springer, Berlin, 1988, pp. 285-304.
16. A.P. Daniel, M. Gaster, G.J.K. Willis, Boundary layer stability on compliant surfaces, Final Report No. 35020, British Maritime Technology Ltd., Teddington, United Kingdom, 1987.
17. Lucey A.D., Carpenter P.W. Boundary layer instability over compliant walls: Comparison between theory and experiment. Phys. Fluids. 7(10):1995;2355-2363.
18. P.W. Carpenter, Current status of the use of wall compliance for laminar flow control, ETFS, in these proceedings, 1997.
19. Lee T., Fisher M., Schwarz W.H. Investigation of the effects of a compliant surface on boundary-layer stability. J. Fluid Mech. 288:1995;37-58.
20. Lee T., Fisher M., Schwarz W.H. Investigation of the stable interaction of a passive compliant surface with a turbulent boundary layer. J. Fluid Mech. 257:1993;373-401.
21. Gad-el-Hak M. Boundary layer interactions with compliant coatings: An overview. Appl. Mech. Rev. 39(4):1986;511-524.
22. Gad-el-Hak M. Compliant coatings research: A guide to the experimentalist. J. Fluids Structures. 1(1):1987;55-70.
23. Gad-el-Hak M. Compliant coatings: A decade of progress. Appl. Mech. Rev. 49(10):1996;S1-S11.
24. Riley J.J., Gad-el-Hak M., Metcalfe R.W. Compliant coatings. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 20:1988;393-420.
25. P.W. Carpenter, Status of Transition Delay Using Compliant Walls, in: D.M. Bushnell, J.N. Hefner (Eds.), Viscous Drag Reduction in Boundary Layers, Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, vol. 123, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Washington, DC, 1990, pp. 79-113.
26. R.W. Metcalfe, Boundary Layer Control: A Brief Review, in: J. Periaux, E. Hirschel (Eds.), Computational Fluid Dynamics, vol. 94, Wiley, New York, 1994, pp. 52-60.
27. Kramer M.O. Boundary-layer stabilization by distributed damping. J. Aero/Space Sci. 27(1):1960;69.
28. Kramer M.O. Boundary-layer stabilization by distributed damping. J. Am. Soc. Naval Engrs. 72(1):1960;25-33.
29. Kramer M.P. The dolphin's secret. New Scientist. 7(181):1960;1118-1120.
30. Kramer M.O. The dolphin's secret. J. Am. Soc. Naval Engrs. 73(1):1961;103-107.
31. Kramer M.O. Boundary layer stabilization by distributed damping. J. Am. Soc. Naval Engrs. 74(2):1962;341-348.
32. M.O. Kramer, Hydrodynamics of the dolphin, in: V.T. Chow (Ed.), Advances in Hydroscience, vol. 2, Academic Press, New York, 1965, pp. 111-130.
33. M.O. Kramer, Die Widerstandsverminderung Schneller Unterwasserkörper Mittels Künstlicher Delphinhaut, in: H. Blenk, W. Schulz (Eds.), Jahrbuch 1969 der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Köln, Federal Republic of Germany, 1969, pp. 1-9.
34. F.W. Puryear, Boundary layer control: Drag reduction by use of compliant coatings, David Taylor Model Basin Report No. 1668, Bethesda, Maryland, 1962.
35. Benjamin T.B. Effects of a flexible boundary on hydrodynamic stability. J. Fluid Mech. 9(4):1960;513-532.
36. Betchov K. Simplified analysis of boundary-layer oscillations. J. Ship Res. 4(2):1960;37-54.
37. Landahl M.T. On the stability of a laminar incompressible boundary layer over a flexible surface. J. Fluid Mech. 13(4):1962;609-632.
38. R.E. Kaplan, The stability of laminar incompressible boundary layers in the presence of compliant boundaries, Sc.D. Thesis, Massauchusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1964.
39. T.B. Benjamin, Fluid flow with flexible boundaries, in: Görtler (Ed.), Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of Applied Mechanics, Springer, Berlin, 1966, pp. 109-128.
40. Dinkelacker A. Preliminary experiments on the influence of flexible walls on boundary layer turbulence. J. Sound Vibr. 4(2):1966;187-214.
41. Fisher D.H., Blick E.F. Turbulent damping by flabby skins. J. Aircraft. 3(2):1966;163-164.
42. Looney R.W., Blick E.F. Skin friction coefficients of compliant surfaces in turbulent flow. J. Spacecraft & Rockets. 3(10):1966;1562-1564.
43. Blick E.F., Walters R.R. Turbulent boundary-layer characteristics of compliant surfaces. J. Aircraft. 5(1):1968;11-16.
44. Smith R.L., Blick E.F. Skin friction of compliant surfaces with foamed material substrate. J. Hydronautics. 3(2):1966;100-102.
45. Chu H.H., Blick E.F. Compliant surface drag as a function of speed. J. Spacecraft & Rockets. 6(6):1969;763-764.
46. P.B.S. Lissaman, G.L. Harris, Turbulent skin friction on compliant surfaces, AIAA Paper No. 69-164, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, New York, 1969.
47. J.M. McMichael, P.S. Klebanoff, N.E. Mease, Experimental investigation of drag on a compliant surface, in: G.R. Hough (Ed.), Viscous Drag Reduction, Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, vol. 72, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, New York, 1980, pp. 410-438.
48. M.C. Fischer, R.L. Ash, A general review of concepts for reducing skin friction, including recommendations for future studies, NASA Technical Memorandum No. X-2894, Washington, DC, 1974.
49. T.E. Burton, The connection between intermittent turbulent activity near the wall of a turbulent boundary layer with pressure fluctuations at the wall, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Report No. 70208-10, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1974.
50. S.A. Orszag, Prediction of compliant wall drag reduction, NASA Contractor Report No. 3071, Washington, DC, 1979.
51. Benjamin T.B. The threefold classificaton of unstable disturbances in flexible surfaces bounding inviscid flows. J. Fluid Mech. 16(3):1963;436-450.
52. Carpenter P.W., Garrad A.D. The hydrodynamic stability of flow over Kramer type compliant surfaces: Part 2, Flow-Induced Surface Instabilities. J. Fluid Mech. 170:1986;199-232.
53. Gad-el-Hak M., Blackwelder R.F., Riley J.J. On the interaction of compliant coatings with boundary-layer flows. J. Fluid Mech. 140:1984;257-280.
54. Duncan J.H., Waxman A.M., Tulin M.P. The dynamics of waves at the interface between a viscoelastic coating and a fluid flow. J. Fluid Mech. 158:1985;177-197.
55. Yeo K.S. The three-dimensional stability of boundary-layer flow over compliant walls. J. Fluid Mech. 238:1992;537-577.
56. Sen P.K., Arora D.S. On the stability of laminar boundary-layer flow over a flat plate with a compliant surface. J. Fluid Mech. 197:1988;201-240.
57. Huerre P., Monkewitz P.A. Local and global instabilities in spatially developing flows. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 22:1990;473-537.
58. C.R. Nisewanger, Flow noise drag measurements of vehicle with compliant coating, US Naval Ordnance Test Station Report No. 8518, China Lake, California, NOTS No. TP-3510, 1964.
59. H. Ritter, L.T. Messum, Water tunnel measurements of turbulent skin friction on six different compliant surfaces of 1 ft length, British Admiralty Research Laboratory Report No. ARL/N4/GHY/9/7, ARL/G/N9, London, Great Britain, 1964.
60. H. Ritter, J.S. Porteous, Water tunnel measurements of skin friction on a compliant coating, British Admiralty Research Laboratory Report No. ARL/N3/G/HY/9/7, London. Great Britain, 1964.
61. R.P. Johnson, Review of compliant coating research of M.O. Kramer, RPJ Associates Technical Report No. RPJA-TR-0955-001, Palos Verdes Peninsula, California, 1980.
62. P.W. Carpenter, The optimization of compliant surfaces for transition delay, in: H.W. Liepmann, R. Narasimha (Eds.), Turbulence Management and Relaminarisation, Springer, Berlin, 1988, pp. 305-313.
63. Garrad A.D., Carpenter P.W. A theoretical investigation of flow-induced instabilities in compliant coatings. J. Sound Vibr. 85(4):1982;483-500.
64. Domaradzki J.A., Metcalfe R.W. Stabilization of laminar boundary layers by compliant membranes. Phys. Fluids. 30(3):1987;695-705.
65. R.W. Metcalfe, F. Battistoni, J. Ekeroot, S.A. Orszag, Evolution of boundary layer flow over a compliant wall during transition to turbulence, Proceedings of the Boundary Layer Transition & Control Conference, Royal Aeronautical Society, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 1991, pp. 36.1-36.14.
66. L.A. Fraser, P.W. Carpenter, A numerical investigation of hydroelastic and hydrodynamic instabilities in laminar flows over compliant surfaces comprising one or two layers of viscoelastic material, in: C. Taylor et al. (Eds.), Numerical Methods in Laminar and Turbulent Flow, Pineridge, Swansea, 1985, pp. 1171-1181.
67. Buckingham A.C., Hall M.S., Chun R.C. Numerical simulations of compliant material response to turbulent flow. AIAA J. 23(7):1985;1046-1052.
68. Yeo K.S. The stability of boundary-layer flow over single- and multi-layer viscoelastic walls. J. Fluid Mech. 196:1988;359-408.
69. Duncan J.H. The dynamics of waves at the interface between a two-layer viscoelastic coating and a fluid flow. J. Fluids Structures. 2(1):1988;35-51.
70. Yeo K.S. The hydrodynamic stability of boundary-layer flow over a class of anisotrpic compliant walls. J. Fluid Mech. 220:1990;125-160.
71. Duncan J.H. A comparison of wave propagation on the surfaces of simple membrane walls and elastic coatings bounded by a fluid flow. J. Sound Vibr. 119(3):1987;565-573.
72. T. Lee, M. Fisher, W.H. Schwarz, An experimental study of the boundary-layer nonlinear instability over compliant walls, J. Fluid Mech. 1997 (to appear).
73. Carpenter P.W. Optimization of multiple-panel compliant walls for delay of laminar-turbulent transition. AIAA J. 31(7):1993;1187-1188.
74. Lucey A.D., Carpenter P.W. The hydroelastic stability of three-dimensional disturbances of a finite compliant panel. J. Sound Vibr. 165(3):1993;527-552.
75. Dixon A.E., Lucey A.D., Carpenter P.W. The optimization of viscoelastic compliant walls for transition delay. AIAA J. 32(2):1994;256-267.
76. Joslin R.D., Morris P.J. Effect of compliant walls on secondary instabilities in boundary-layer transition. AIAA J. 30(2):1992;332-339.
77. Thomas M.D. On the resonant triad interaction in flows over rigid and flexible boundaries. J. Fluid Mech. 234:1992;417-442.
78. Thomas M.D. On the nonlinear stability of flows over compliant walls. J. Fluid Mech. 239:1992;657-670.
79. Gray J. Studies in animal locomotion. VI. The propulsive powers of the dolphin. J. Exp. Biol. 13(2):1936;192-199.
80. Lang T.G. Porpoise, whales, fish: Comparison of predicted and observed speeds. Naval Eng. J. 75(2):1963;437-441.
81. Bushnell D.M., Moore K.J. Drag reduction in nature. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 23:1991;65-79.
82. Au D., Weihs D. At high speeds dolphins save energy by leaping. Nature. 284(5756):1980;548-550.
83. θ=1410. J. Fluid Mech. 187:1988;61-98.
84. Robinson S.K. Coherent motions in the turbulent boundary layer. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 23:1991;601-639.
85. Duncan J.H. The response of an incompressible, viscoelastic coating to pressure fluctuations in a turbulent boundary layer. J. Fluid Mech. 171:1986;339-363.
86. Duncan J.H., Sirkis J.S. The generation of wave patterns on isotropic coatings by pressure fluctuations in a turbulent boundary layer. J. Sound Vibr. 157(2):1992;243-264.
87. Gad-el-Hak M. The response of elastic and viscoelastic surfaces to a turbulent boundary layer. J. Appl. Mech. 53(1):1986;206-212.
88. Hess D.E., Peattie R.A., Schwarz W.H. A nonintrusive method for the measurement of flow-induced surface displacement of a compliant surface. Exp. Fluids. 14(1/2):1993;78-84.
89. Lee T., Fisher M., Schwarz W.H. The measurement of flow-induced surface displacement on a compliant surface by optical holographic interferometry. Exp. Fluids. 14(3):1993;159-168.
90. D.E. Hess, An experimental investigation of a compliant surface beneath a turbulent boundary layer, Ph.D. Dissertation, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 1990.
91. Hansen R.J., Hunston D.L. An experimental study of turbulent flows over compliant surfaces. J. Sound Vibr. 34(3):1974;297-308.
92. A.J. Cooper, P.W. Carpenter, The effects of wall compliance on instability in rotating disc flow, AIAA Paper No. 95-2257, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Washington, DC, 1995.
93. Metcalfe R.W., Rutland C.J., Duncan J.H., Riley J.J. Numerical simulations of active stabilization of laminar boundary layers. AIAA J. 24(9):1986;1494-1501.