Statistical power analysis for PET studies in humans

Journal of Nuclear Medicine

Volumn 39, Issue 10, 1998, Pages 1826-1829

  Wahl, Lindi M ^a   Nahmias, Claude ^a  

^a MCMASTER UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTRE   (Canada)

Author keywords

PET; Sample size; Statistical power

Indexed keywords

FLUORINE 18; LEVODOPA;

ANALYTIC METHOD; ARTICLE; DOPAMINE METABOLISM; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; NIGRONEOSTRIATAL SYSTEM; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SAMPLING; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS;

AGE FACTORS; AGING; BRAIN; DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE; FLUORINE RADIOISOTOPES; HUMANS; RESEARCH DESIGN; SAMPLING STUDIES; TOMOGRAPHY, EMISSION-COMPUTED;

EID: 0031709367     PISSN: 01615505     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. 2O studies of human cognition. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1996;16:804-816.
2. Hussey D, DaSilva JN, Greenwald E, et al. Statistical power analysis of in vivo studies in rat brain using PET radiotracers. Neuroimage 1997;5:B70.
3. Hoel PG. Introduction to mathematical statistics. New York: John Wiley and Sons; 1971.
4. McGeer PL, McGeer EG, Suzuki JS. Aging and extrapyramidal function. Arch Neurol 1977;34:33-35.
5. McGeer PL, Itagaki S, Akiyama H, McGeer EG. Rate of cell death in parkinsonism indicates active neuropathological progress. Ann Neurol 1988;24:574-576.
6. Fearnley JM, Lees AJ. Aging and parkinson's disease: substantia nigra regional selectivity. Brain 1991;114:2283-2301.
7. Bugiani O, Salvarani S, Perdelli F, Mancardi GL, Leonardi A. Nerve cell loss with aging in the putamen. Eur Neurol 1978;78:286-291.
8. Eggers R, Haug H, Fischer D. Primary report on macroscopic age changes in the human prosencephalon: a stereologic investigation. J Hirnforsch 1984;25:129-139.
9. Krishnan KR, Husain MM, McDonald WM, et al. In vivo stereological assessment of caudate volume in man: effect of normal aging. Life Sci 1990;47:1325-1329.
10. Jernigan TL, Archibald SL, Berhow MT, et al. Cerebral structure on MRI, part I: localization of age-related changes. Biol Psychiatry 1991;29:55-67.
11. McDonald WM, Husain M, Doraiswamy PM, et al. A magnetic resonance image study of age-related changes in human putamen nuclei. Neuroreport 1991;2:57-60.
12. Murphy DGM, DeCarli C, Schapiro M, Rapoport SI, Horwitz B. Age-related differences in volumes of subcortical nuclei, brain matter, and cerebrospinal fluid in healthy men as measured with magnetic resonance imaging. Arch Neurol 1992;49: 839-845.
13. Carlsson A, Winblad B. Influence of age and time interval between death and autopsy on dopamine and 3-methoxytyramine levels in human basal ganglia. J Neural Transm 1976;38:271-276.
14. Riederer P, Wuketich S. Time course of nigrostriatal degeneration in Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm 1976;38:277-301.
15. Adolfsson R, Gottfries C-G, Roos B-E, Winblad B. Post-mortem distribution of dopamine and homovanillic acid in human brain, variations related to age, and a review of the literature. J Neural Transm 1979;45:81-105.
16. Kish S, Shannak K, Rajput A, Deck JHN, Hornykiewicz O. Aging produces a specific pattern of striatal dopamine loss: implications for the etiology of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem 1992;58:642-648.
17. Kish SJ, Zhong XH, Hornykiewicz O, Haycock JW. Striatal 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase in aging: disparity between postmortem and postitron tomography studies? Ann Neurol 1995;38:260-264.
18. Mackay AVP, Yates CM, Wright A, Hamilton P, Davies P. Regional distribution of monoamines and their metabolites in human brain. J Neurochem 1978;30:841-848.
19. McGeer EG, McGeer PL, Wada JA. Distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase in human and animal brain. J Neurochem 1971;18:1647-1658.
20. McGeer PL, McGeer EG. Enzymes associated with the metabolism of catecholamines, acetylcholine and GABA in human controls and patients with Parkinson's disease and Huntington's chorea. J Neurochem 1976;26:65-76.
21. Côté LJ, Kremzner LT. Biochemical changes in normal aging in human brain. In: Mayeux R, Rosen WG, eds. Advances in neurology, vol. 38. New York: Raven Press; 1983:19-30.
22. Bird ED, Iversen LL. Huntington's chorea: Post-mortem measurement of glutamic acid decarboxylase, choline acetyltransferase and dopamine in the basal ganglia. Brain 1974;97:457-472.
23. Robinson DS, Sourkes TL, Nies A, et al. Monoamine metabolism in human brain. Arch Gen Psych 1977;34:89-92.
24. Mackay AVP, Davies P, Dewar AJ, Yates CM. Regional distribution of enzymes associated with neurotransmission by monoamines, acetylcholine and GABA in the human brain. J Neurochem 1978;30:827-839.
25. Scherman D, Desnos C, Darchen F, Pollak P, Javoy-Agid F, Agid Y. Striatal dopamine deficiency in parkinson's disease: role of aging. Ann Neurol 1989;26:551-557.
26. Zelnik N, Angel I, Paul SM, Kleinman JE. Decreased density of human striatal dopamine uptake sites with age. Eur J Pharmacol 1986;126:175-176.
27. 3H]GBR-12935 in human putamen. Neurobiol Aging 1989;10:661-664.
28. DeKeyser J, Ebinger G, Vauquelin G. Age-related changes in the human nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. Ann Neurol 1990;27:157-161.
29. Eidelberg D. Positron emission tomography studies in Parkinsonism. Neurologic Clinics 1992;10:421-433.
30. Snow BJ. Positron emission tomography in Parkinson's disease, Can J Neurol Sci 1992;19:138-141.
31. Meyer G-J, Waters SL, Coenen HH, Luxen A, Maziere B, Langstrom B. PET radiopharmaceuticals in Europe: current use and data relevant for the formulation of summaries of product characteristics. Eur J Nucl Med 1995;22:1420-1432.
32. Hefti F, Melamed E, Wurtman RJ. The site of dopamine formation in rat striatum after L-dopa administration. J Pharmacol Exper Ther 1981;217:189-197.
33. 19F NMR. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1983;110:740-745.
34. 18F]fluoro-L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine in the primate. J Neurochem 1987;48: 1077-1082.
35. 18F-fluorodopa in the hooded rat. Biochem Pharm 1988;37:247-250.
36. 18F] fluorodopa studies correlate with dopamine cell counts and levels. Ann Neurol 1993;34:324-330.
37. Martin WRW, Palmer MR, Patlak CS, Calne DB. Nigrostriatal function in humans studied with positron emission tomography. Ann Neurol 1989;26:535-542.
38. Bhatt MH, Snow BJ, Martin WRW, Pate BD, Ruth TJ, Calne DB. Positron emission tomography suggests that the rate of progression of idiopathic Parkinson's disease is slow. Ann Neurol 1991;29:673-677.
39. Cordes M, Snow BJ, Cooper S, et al. Age-dependent decline of nigrostriatal dopaminergic function: a positron emission tomographic study of grandparents and their grandchildren. Ann Neurol 1994;36:667-670.
40. Vingerhoets FJG, Snow BJ, Schulzer M, et al. Reproducibility of fluorine-18-6-fluorodopa positron emission tomography in normal human subjects. J Nucl Med 1994;35:18-24.
41. Sawle GV, Colebatch JG, Shah A, Brooks DJ, Marsden CD, Frackowiak RSJ. Striatal function in normal aging: implications for Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 1990;28:799-804.
42. 18F-DOPA uptake: absence of an aging effect. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1993;13:881-888.
43. Murase K, Kuwabara H, Cumming P, Leger G, Diksic M, Gjedde A. Relative activity of dopa decarboxylase remained unchanged with age [Abstract]. J Nucl Med 1994;35:10P.
44. Calne DB, Eisen A, Meneilly G. Normal aging of the nervous system. Ann Neurol 1991;30:206-207.
45. Sawle GV, Brooks DJ. Normal aging of the nervous system [Letter]. Ann Neurol 1992;31:575-576.
46. Calne DB, Eisen A, Meneilly G. Normal aging of the nervous system [Reply]. Ann Neurol 1992;31:576-577.
47. Snow B, Martin WRW. An aging effect in Striatal fluorodopa uptake? Large versus small ROIs [Reply]. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1994;14:882.
48. Eidelberg D, Dhawan V, Moeller JR. An aging effect in Striatal fluorodopa uptake? Large versus small ROIs [Reply]. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1994;14:882-883.
49. 18F]-6-fluorodopa during positron emission tomography: elimination and metabolism in carbidopa treated subjects. Life Sci 1986;39:2243-2252.
50. 3H]L-dopa in rats. Biochem Pharm 1990;39:1853-1860.
51. 18F]fluoro-L-dopa in rat. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1990;10:707-710.
52. Rowe JW, Kahn RL. Human aging: usual and successful. Science 1987;237:143-149.
53. Pate BD, Snow BJ, Hewitt KA, Morrison KS, Ruth TJ, Calne DB. The reproducibility of striatal uptake data obtained with positron emission tomography and fluorine-18-L-6-fluorodopa tracer in non-human primates. J Nucl Med 1991;32:1246-1251.
54. 18F]fluoro-dopa and positron emission tomography: error analysis and application to normal subjects. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1993;13:43-56.
55. Vingerhoets FJG, Schulzer M, Ruth TJ, Holden JE, Snow BJ. Reproducibility and discriminating ability of fluorine-18-6-fluoro-L-dopa PET in Parkinson's disease. J Nucl Med 1996;37:421-426.
56. Snedecor GW, Cochran WG. Statistical methods. Iowa: Iowa State University Press; 1967.
57. Press WH, Teukolsky SA, Vetterling WT, Flannery BP. Numerical recipes in C: the art of scientific computing. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press; 1992.